"duress" meaning in English

See duress in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /djʊˈɹɛs/ [UK], /d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/ [UK], /duˈɹɛs/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav
Rhymes: -ɛs Etymology: Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|fro|duresse}} Old French duresse, {{der|en|la|duritia||hardness}} Latin duritia (“hardness”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} duress (uncountable)
  1. (obsolete) Harsh treatment. Tags: obsolete, uncountable
    Sense id: en-duress-en-noun-l0WbbYSJ Categories (other): Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 19 14 36 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 18 14 35 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 24 12 34 30
  2. Constraint by threat. Tags: uncountable Translations (constraint by threat): прыму́с (prymús) [masculine] (Belarusian), прыну́ка (prynúka) [feminine] (Belarusian), принуда (prinuda) [feminine] (Bulgarian), nátlak [masculine] (Czech), donucení [neuter] (Czech), pohrůžka [feminine] (Czech), tvang [common-gender] (Danish), painostus (Finnish), pakottaminen (Finnish), contrainte [feminine] (French), Zwang [masculine] (German), Nötigung [feminine] (German), tvang (Norwegian Bokmål), اکراه (Persian), pressão (Portuguese), coersão (Portuguese), obligare prin forță [feminine] (Romanian), constrângere [feminine] (Romanian), принужде́ние (prinuždénije) (Russian), давле́ние (davlénije) (Russian), èiginn [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), coacción [feminine] (Spanish), tvång (Swedish), при́мус (prýmus) [masculine] (Ukrainian), зму́шування (zmúšuvannja) [neuter] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-duress-en-noun-9mjAE~K6 Categories (other): Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 19 14 36 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 18 14 35 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 24 12 34 30 Disambiguation of 'constraint by threat': 1 89 10
  3. (law) Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats. Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Law Translations (confinement; imprisonment): зняво́ленне (znjavóljennje) [neuter] (Belarusian), vankeus (Finnish), vanginta (Finnish), заточе́ние (zatočénije) (Russian), тюре́мное заключе́ние (tjurémnoje zaključénije) (Russian), ув'я́знення (uvʺjáznennja) [neuter] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-duress-en-noun-7MY4odkY Categories (other): Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 19 14 36 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 18 14 35 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 24 12 34 30 Topics: law Disambiguation of 'confinement; imprisonment': 9 15 76
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: duress of circumstances Related terms: endure

Verb

IPA: /djʊˈɹɛs/ [UK], /d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/ [UK], /duˈɹɛs/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav Forms: duresses [present, singular, third-person], duressing [participle, present], duressed [participle, past], duressed [past]
Rhymes: -ɛs Etymology: Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|fro|duresse}} Old French duresse, {{der|en|la|duritia||hardness}} Latin duritia (“hardness”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} duress (third-person singular simple present duresses, present participle duressing, simple past and past participle duressed)
  1. To put under duress; to pressure. Derived forms: duressor
    Sense id: en-duress-en-verb-YrnfWfOs Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Interlingua translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 23 6 20 52 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 21 7 27 44 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 25 5 18 52 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 3 15 55 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 26 7 23 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 22 9 27 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 19 14 36 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 23 6 24 48 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 24 10 24 42 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 22 9 22 47 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 24 7 24 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Interlingua translations: 26 8 19 46 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 25 11 24 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 18 14 35 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 24 12 34 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 24 10 24 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 24 7 20 49 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 27 10 23 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 24 6 19 51 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 27 9 23 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 27 9 23 41

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "duress of circumstances"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "duresse"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French duresse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "duritia",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hardness"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "duress (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "endure"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 14 36 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 14 35 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 12 34 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "The agreements […] made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Harsh treatment."
      ],
      "id": "en-duress-en-noun-l0WbbYSJ",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Harsh treatment."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 14 36 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 14 35 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 12 34 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 October 17, Kim Willsher, “Mother of French-Israeli hostage begs for her return as Hamas releases video”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "It is unclear when it was filmed and if she was under duress during filming.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Constraint by threat."
      ],
      "id": "en-duress-en-noun-9mjAE~K6",
      "links": [
        [
          "Constraint",
          "constraint"
        ],
        [
          "threat",
          "threat"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "prymús",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прыму́с"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "prynúka",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "прыну́ка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prinuda",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "принуда"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nátlak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "donucení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pohrůžka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "tvang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "painostus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "pakottaminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "contrainte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Zwang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Nötigung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "tvang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "اکراه"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "pressão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "coersão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "obligare prin forță"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "constrângere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prinuždénije",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "принужде́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "davlénije",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "давле́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "èiginn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "coacción"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "word": "tvång"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "prýmus",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "при́мус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 10",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zmúšuvannja",
          "sense": "constraint by threat",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "зму́шування"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 14 36 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 14 35 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 12 34 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
      ],
      "id": "en-duress-en-noun-7MY4odkY",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "9 15 76",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "znjavóljennje",
          "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "зняво́ленне"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 15 76",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
          "word": "vankeus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 15 76",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
          "word": "vanginta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 15 76",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zatočénije",
          "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
          "word": "заточе́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 15 76",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tjurémnoje zaključénije",
          "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
          "word": "тюре́мное заключе́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "9 15 76",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "uvʺjáznennja",
          "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ув'я́знення"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "duress"
  ],
  "word": "duress"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "duresse"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French duresse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "duritia",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hardness"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duresses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duressing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duressed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duressed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "duress (third-person singular simple present duresses, present participle duressing, simple past and past participle duressed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 6 20 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 7 27 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 5 18 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 3 15 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 7 23 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 9 27 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 14 36 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 6 24 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 10 24 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 9 22 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 7 24 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 8 19 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 11 24 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 14 35 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 12 34 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 10 24 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 7 20 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 10 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 6 19 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 9 23 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 9 23 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "duressor"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Someone was duressing her.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The small nation was duressed into giving up territory.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put under duress; to pressure."
      ],
      "id": "en-duress-en-verb-YrnfWfOs",
      "links": [
        [
          "duress",
          "#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "duress"
  ],
  "word": "duress"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "duress of circumstances"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "duresse"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French duresse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "duritia",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hardness"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "duress (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "endure"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "The agreements […] made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Harsh treatment."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Harsh treatment."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 October 17, Kim Willsher, “Mother of French-Israeli hostage begs for her return as Hamas releases video”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "It is unclear when it was filmed and if she was under duress during filming.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Constraint by threat."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Constraint",
          "constraint"
        ],
        [
          "threat",
          "threat"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "prymús",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прыму́с"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "prynúka",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "прыну́ка"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prinuda",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "принуда"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nátlak"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "donucení"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pohrůžka"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tvang"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "painostus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "pakottaminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "contrainte"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Zwang"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Nötigung"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "tvang"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "اکراه"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "pressão"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "coersão"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "obligare prin forță"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "constrângere"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prinuždénije",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "принужде́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "davlénije",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "давле́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "èiginn"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "coacción"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "word": "tvång"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "prýmus",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "при́мус"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zmúšuvannja",
      "sense": "constraint by threat",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "зму́шування"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "znjavóljennje",
      "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "зняво́ленне"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
      "word": "vankeus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
      "word": "vanginta"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zatočénije",
      "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
      "word": "заточе́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tjurémnoje zaključénije",
      "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
      "word": "тюре́мное заключе́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "uvʺjáznennja",
      "sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ув'я́знення"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "duress"
  ],
  "word": "duress"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "duressor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "duresse"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French duresse",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "duritia",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hardness"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duresses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duressing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duressed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duressed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "duress (third-person singular simple present duresses, present participle duressing, simple past and past participle duressed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Someone was duressing her.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "The small nation was duressed into giving up territory.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put under duress; to pressure."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "duress",
          "#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "duress"
  ],
  "word": "duress"
}

Download raw JSONL data for duress meaning in English (10.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.