See duress on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for duress meaning in All languages combined (9.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duress of circumstances"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duresse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "duritia",
"4": "",
"5": "hardness"
},
"expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "duress (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "endure"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Harsh treatment."
],
"id": "en-duress-en-noun-l0WbbYSJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Harsh treatment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 October 17, Kim Willsher, “Mother of French-Israeli hostage begs for her return as Hamas releases video”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "It is unclear when it was filmed and if she was under duress during filming.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Constraint by threat."
],
"id": "en-duress-en-noun-9mjAE~K6",
"links": [
[
"Constraint",
"constraint"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prymús",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прыму́с"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prynúka",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прыну́ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuda",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "принуда"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nátlak"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "donucení"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pohrůžka"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tvang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "painostus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "pakottaminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contrainte"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zwang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nötigung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "tvang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "اکراه"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "pressão"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "coersão"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obligare prin forță"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "constrângere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prinuždénije",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "принужде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "davlénije",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "давле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "èiginn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coacción"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "tvång"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prýmus",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́мус"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 89 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zmúšuvannja",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зму́шування"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
],
"id": "en-duress-en-noun-7MY4odkY",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 8 61",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "znjavóljennje",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зняво́ленне"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 8 61",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "vankeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 8 61",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "vanginta"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 8 61",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatočénije",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "заточе́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 8 61",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjurémnoje zaključénije",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "тюре́мное заключе́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 8 61",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "uvʺjáznennja",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ув'я́знення"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"duress"
],
"word": "duress"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duresse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "duritia",
"4": "",
"5": "hardness"
},
"expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duresses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duressing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "duressed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "duressed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duress (third-person singular simple present duresses, present participle duressing, simple past and past participle duressed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 6 20 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "duressor"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Someone was duressing her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The small nation was duressed into giving up territory.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put under duress; to pressure."
],
"id": "en-duress-en-verb-YrnfWfOs",
"links": [
[
"duress",
"#Noun"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"duress"
],
"word": "duress"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛs/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "duress of circumstances"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duresse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "duritia",
"4": "",
"5": "hardness"
},
"expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "duress (uncountable)",
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "endure"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Harsh treatment."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Harsh treatment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 October 17, Kim Willsher, “Mother of French-Israeli hostage begs for her return as Hamas releases video”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "It is unclear when it was filmed and if she was under duress during filming.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Constraint by threat."
],
"links": [
[
"Constraint",
"constraint"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prymús",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прыму́с"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prynúka",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прыну́ка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuda",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "принуда"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nátlak"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "donucení"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pohrůžka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tvang"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "painostus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "pakottaminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contrainte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zwang"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nötigung"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "tvang"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "اکراه"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "pressão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "coersão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obligare prin forță"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "constrângere"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prinuždénije",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "принужде́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "davlénije",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "давле́ние"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "èiginn"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coacción"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"word": "tvång"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prýmus",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́мус"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zmúšuvannja",
"sense": "constraint by threat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зму́шування"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "znjavóljennje",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зняво́ленне"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "vankeus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "vanginta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatočénije",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "заточе́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjurémnoje zaključénije",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"word": "тюре́мное заключе́ние"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "uvʺjáznennja",
"sense": "confinement; imprisonment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ув'я́знення"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"duress"
],
"word": "duress"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛs/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "duressor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duresse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duresse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "duritia",
"4": "",
"5": "hardness"
},
"expansion": "Latin duritia (“hardness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "durus",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "durus (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duresses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duressing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "duressed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "duressed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duress (third-person singular simple present duresses, present participle duressing, simple past and past participle duressed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Someone was duressing her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The small nation was duressed into giving up territory.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put under duress; to pressure."
],
"links": [
[
"duress",
"#Noun"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/djʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/duˈɹɛs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duress.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duress.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"duress"
],
"word": "duress"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.