"-ine" meaning in English

See -ine in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /-aɪ̯n/, /-in/, /-ɪn/ (note: weak vowel distinction), /-ən/ (note: weak vowel merger)
enPR: -īn, -ēn, -ĭn (note: weak vowel distinction), -ən (note: weak vowel merger) Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine From Middle English -in, -ine, from Old French -in, -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. More at -en § Etymology 4. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:-in<ety:bor<fro:-in<ety:der<la:-īnus>>>>|id=pertaining to|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectives of materials", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-iHnos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-īnos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-īnus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-in", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-in", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ine", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="pertaining to" data-lang="en" data-title="-ine" id="English:_pertaining_to">, {{inh|en|enm|-in}} Middle English -in, {{der|en|fro|-in}} Old French -in, {{der|en|la|-īnus}} Latin -īnus, {{der|en|ine-pro|*-iHnos}} Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos, {{slink|-en#Etymology 4}} -en § Etymology 4 Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|cat4=|head=|id=}} -ine, {{en-suffix}} -ine
  1. (chiefly no longer productive) Of or pertaining to. Tags: idiomatic, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-2hR5wuxQ
  2. Used to form demonyms. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-akLhSRD4 Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymology trees, Terms with Galician translations Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 0 10 18 8 2 11 17 15 7 11 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 0 13 23 13 4 21 10 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 0 30 37 25 8
  3. (chemistry) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements. Tags: morpheme Related terms: -in Translations (used to form names of chemical substances): -ин (-in) [masculine] (Bulgarian), -ina [feminine] (Catalan), -in [common-gender, neuter] (Danish), -iini (Finnish), -ina [feminine] (Galician), -in [neuter] (German), -ina (Indonesian), -ina [feminine] (Italian), -ina (Malay), -ina [feminine] (Polish), -ina [feminine] (Portuguese), -ina [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-en:chemistry Categories (other): Chemistry, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Chemical element nomenclature Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 0 25 44 24 7 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 0 16 29 12 4 17 22 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 0 10 22 8 3 10 14 25 8 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 0 22 45 26 7 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 0 10 18 8 2 11 17 15 7 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 4 8 2 0 3 6 6 2 5 8 4 5 6 6 7 4 0 2 6 5 8 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 0 13 23 13 4 21 10 15 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 0 9 18 7 3 10 17 17 8 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 0 24 40 27 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 0 29 40 24 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 0 18 58 19 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 0 24 42 26 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 0 30 37 25 8 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 0 24 42 26 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 0 24 40 27 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 0 22 42 28 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 0 23 43 26 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 0 25 39 26 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 0 23 44 25 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 0 24 45 24 7 Disambiguation of Chemical element nomenclature: 0 2 50 8 10 11 6 2 11 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences Disambiguation of 'used to form names of chemical substances': 0 30 44 25 1
  4. (anthropology) used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to hominoid genera Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-en:anthropology Categories (other): Anthropology, Pages with etymology trees, Terms with Galician translations Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 0 13 23 13 4 21 10 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 0 30 37 25 8 Topics: anthropology, human-sciences, sciences
  5. Commercial materials. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-6NTnKwL9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /-aɪ̯n/, /-in/, /-ɪn/ (note: weak vowel distinction), /-ən/ (note: weak vowel merger)
enPR: -īn, -ēn, -ĭn (note: weak vowel distinction), -ən (note: weak vowel merger) Etymology: From French -ine, feminine of -in; Latin -īna, feminine of -īnus. Doublet of -ina. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:bor|fr:-ine|la:-īna|id=female}} [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectives of materials", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-iHnos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-īnos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-īnus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "-in", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "-am", "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ā", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-a", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-e", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "-e", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "-ine", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "nom.", "keyword_label" : "Feminine nominalization of", "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "relational adjective", "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-īnos", "id" : "relational adjective" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-īnus", "gloss" : "of or pertaining to", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "nominalization" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-īna", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ine", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="female" data-lang="en" data-title="-ine" id="English:_female">, {{bor|en|fr|-ine}} French -ine, {{bor|en|la|-īna}} Latin -īna, {{doublet|en|-ina}} Doublet of -ina Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|cat4=|head=|id=}} -ine, {{en-suffix}} -ine
  1. (no longer productive) Used to form feminine nouns. Tags: idiomatic, morpheme Synonyms: -a, -ess, -ette, -ina, -ress, she-, -trix
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-dElLF5vU Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 0 10 18 8 2 11 17 15 7 11
  2. (no longer productive) Used to form female given names or names of titles. Tags: idiomatic, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-3kstx--t Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 0 10 22 8 3 10 14 25 8 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 0 10 18 8 2 11 17 15 7 11 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 0 9 18 7 3 10 17 17 8 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

IPA: /-aɪ̯n/, /-in/, /-ɪn/ (note: weak vowel distinction), /-ən/ (note: weak vowel merger)
enPR: -īn, -ēn, -ĭn (note: weak vowel distinction), -ən (note: weak vowel merger) Etymology: Variant of -en § Etymology 2. Etymology templates: {{slink|-en#Etymology 2}} -en § Etymology 2 Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|cat4=|head=|id=}} -ine, {{en-suffix}} -ine
  1. Found in the plural forms of a small number of English words. Not productive. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-Leht8ZCz Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 0 10 22 8 3 10 14 25 8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Suffix

IPA: /-aɪ̯n/, /-in/, /-ɪn/ (note: weak vowel distinction), /-ən/ (note: weak vowel merger)
enPR: -īn, -ēn, -ĭn (note: weak vowel distinction), -ən (note: weak vowel merger) Etymology: From taxonomic suffix -inae, ultimately from the same root as § Etymology 1. Etymology templates: {{slink|#Etymology 1}} § Etymology 1 Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|cat4=|head=|id=}} -ine, {{en-suffix}} -ine
  1. (zoology) used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to animal taxonomic subfamilies Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ine-en-suffix-en:zoology Categories (other): Zoology Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4
{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-nós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-iHnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives_of_materials"
    ],
    [
      "*-īnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-īnos"
    ],
    [
      "-īnus",
      "-inus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ine",
      "-ine#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "-ine",
      "-ine#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "-īnus",
      "-inus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-iHnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos"
    ],
    [
      "-en § Etymology 4",
      "-en#Etymology 4"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:-in<ety:bor<fro:-in<ety:der<la:-īnus>>>>",
        "id": "pertaining to",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ine\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"pertaining to\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ine\" id=\"English:_pertaining_to\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-in"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -in",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-in"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -in",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-īnus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -īnus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-iHnos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-en#Etymology 4"
      },
      "expansion": "-en § Etymology 4",
      "name": "slink"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\nFrom Middle English -in, -ine, from Old French -in, -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. More at -en § Etymology 4.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "asinine, marine, bovine, cervine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or pertaining to."
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-2hR5wuxQ",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly no longer productive) Of or pertaining to."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
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          "_dis": "0 10 18 8 2 11 17 15 7 11",
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          "_dis": "0 30 37 25 8",
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Levantine, Byzantine, Argentine, Florentine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form demonyms."
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-akLhSRD4",
      "links": [
        [
          "demonym",
          "demonym#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [],
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "_dis": "0 10 22 8 3 10 14 25 8",
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        },
        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 18 58 19 5",
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          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 24 42 26 9",
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 2 50 8 10 11 6 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemical element nomenclature",
          "orig": "en:Chemical element nomenclature",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "amine, aniline, caffeine, iodine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements."
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-en:chemistry",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#English"
        ],
        [
          "basic",
          "basic#English"
        ],
        [
          "alkaloidal",
          "alkaloidal#English"
        ],
        [
          "halogen",
          "halogen#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 25 57 18 0",
          "word": "-in"
        }
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:chemistry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "-in",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ин"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "word": "-iini"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "lang_code": "id",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "lang_code": "ms",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 30 44 25 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ina"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Anthropology",
          "orig": "en:Anthropology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 13 23 13 4 21 10 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 30 37 25 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "australopithecine, dryopithecine, pithecanthropine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to hominoid genera"
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-en:anthropology",
      "links": [
        [
          "anthropology",
          "anthropology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anthropology) used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to hominoid genera"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:anthropology"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "glass + -ine → glassine",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Commercial materials."
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-6NTnKwL9",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-ine",
      "-ine#French"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#French"
    ],
    [
      "-īna",
      "-ina#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-īnus",
      "-inus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ina",
      "-ina#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "fr:-ine",
        "4": "la:-īna",
        "id": "female"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-am\", \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-e\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-e\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Feminine nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-īnos\", \"id\" : \"relational adjective\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"gloss\" : \"of or pertaining to\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ine\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"female\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ine\" id=\"English:_female\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "-ine"
      },
      "expansion": "French -ine",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-īna"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -īna",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ina"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -ina",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French -ine, feminine of -in; Latin -īna, feminine of -īnus. Doublet of -ina.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "he-"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 10 18 8 2 11 17 15 7 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "hero + -ine → heroine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "speaker + -ine → speakerine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Paul + -ine → Pauline",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form feminine nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-dElLF5vU",
      "links": [
        [
          "feminine",
          "feminine#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) Used to form feminine nouns."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-a"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ess"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ette"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ress"
        },
        {
          "word": "she-"
        },
        {
          "word": "-trix"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 10 22 8 3 10 14 25 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 10 18 8 2 11 17 15 7 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 9 18 7 3 10 17 17 8 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Clement + -ine → Clementine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "landgrave + -ine → landgravine",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form female given names or names of titles."
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-3kstx--t",
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name#English"
        ],
        [
          "title",
          "title#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) Used to form female given names or names of titles."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-en § Etymology 2",
      "-en#Etymology 2"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-en#Etymology 2"
      },
      "expansion": "-en § Etymology 2",
      "name": "slink"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Variant of -en § Etymology 2.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 10 22 8 3 10 14 25 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "cow + -ine → kine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "sow + -ine → swine",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Found in the plural forms of a small number of English words. Not productive."
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-Leht8ZCz",
      "links": [
        [
          "plural",
          "plural#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-inae",
      "-inae#Translingual"
    ],
    [
      "§ Etymology 1",
      "Main:-ine#Etymology 1"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "4",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "#Etymology 1"
      },
      "expansion": "§ Etymology 1",
      "name": "slink"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From taxonomic suffix -inae, ultimately from the same root as § Etymology 1.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "en:Zoology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "cardueline, velociraptorine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to animal taxonomic subfamilies"
      ],
      "id": "en--ine-en-suffix-en:zoology",
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to animal taxonomic subfamilies"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:zoology"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "en:Chemical element nomenclature",
    "unm:Disease",
    "unm:Pain"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-nós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-iHnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives_of_materials"
    ],
    [
      "*-īnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-īnos"
    ],
    [
      "-īnus",
      "-inus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ine",
      "-ine#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "-ine",
      "-ine#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "-īnus",
      "-inus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-iHnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos"
    ],
    [
      "-en § Etymology 4",
      "-en#Etymology 4"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:-in<ety:bor<fro:-in<ety:der<la:-īnus>>>>",
        "id": "pertaining to",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ine\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"pertaining to\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ine\" id=\"English:_pertaining_to\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-in"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -in",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-in"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -in",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-īnus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -īnus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-iHnos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-en#Etymology 4"
      },
      "expansion": "-en § Etymology 4",
      "name": "slink"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\nFrom Middle English -in, -ine, from Old French -in, -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. More at -en § Etymology 4.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-in"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "asinine, marine, bovine, cervine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or pertaining to."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly no longer productive) Of or pertaining to."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Levantine, Byzantine, Argentine, Florentine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form demonyms."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "demonym",
          "demonym#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "amine, aniline, caffeine, iodine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#English"
        ],
        [
          "basic",
          "basic#English"
        ],
        [
          "alkaloidal",
          "alkaloidal#English"
        ],
        [
          "halogen",
          "halogen#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:chemistry"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Anthropology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "australopithecine, dryopithecine, pithecanthropine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to hominoid genera"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anthropology",
          "anthropology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anthropology) used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to hominoid genera"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:anthropology"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "glass + -ine → glassine",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Commercial materials."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "-in",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ин"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ina"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "-in"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "word": "-iini"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ina"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "-in"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "word": "-ina"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ina"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "word": "-ina"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ina"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ina"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "used to form names of chemical substances",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ina"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "en:Chemical element nomenclature",
    "unm:Disease",
    "unm:Pain"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-ine",
      "-ine#French"
    ],
    [
      "-in",
      "-in#French"
    ],
    [
      "-īna",
      "-ina#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-īnus",
      "-inus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ina",
      "-ina#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "fr:-ine",
        "4": "la:-īna",
        "id": "female"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-am\", \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-e\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-e\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Feminine nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-īnos\", \"id\" : \"relational adjective\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"gloss\" : \"of or pertaining to\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ine\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"female\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ine\" id=\"English:_female\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "-ine"
      },
      "expansion": "French -ine",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-īna"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -īna",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ina"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -ina",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French -ine, feminine of -in; Latin -īna, feminine of -īnus. Doublet of -ina.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "he-"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "hero + -ine → heroine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "speaker + -ine → speakerine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Paul + -ine → Pauline",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form feminine nouns."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feminine",
          "feminine#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) Used to form feminine nouns."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-a"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ess"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ette"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ina"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ress"
        },
        {
          "word": "she-"
        },
        {
          "word": "-trix"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Clement + -ine → Clementine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "landgrave + -ine → landgravine",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form female given names or names of titles."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name#English"
        ],
        [
          "title",
          "title#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(no longer productive) Used to form female given names or names of titles."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "en:Chemical element nomenclature",
    "unm:Disease",
    "unm:Pain"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-en § Etymology 2",
      "-en#Etymology 2"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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      "expansion": "-en § Etymology 2",
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        "cat2": "",
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      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "cow + -ine → kine",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "sow + -ine → swine",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Found in the plural forms of a small number of English words. Not productive."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plural",
          "plural#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "en:Chemical element nomenclature",
    "unm:Disease",
    "unm:Pain"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-inae",
      "-inae#Translingual"
    ],
    [
      "§ Etymology 1",
      "Main:-ine#Etymology 1"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "4",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "#Etymology 1"
      },
      "expansion": "§ Etymology 1",
      "name": "slink"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From taxonomic suffix -inae, ultimately from the same root as § Etymology 1.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
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      },
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ine",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "-ine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Zoology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "cardueline, velociraptorine"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to animal taxonomic subfamilies"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) used to form vernacular nouns and adjectives relating to animal taxonomic subfamilies"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:zoology"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "-īn"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ēn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-aɪ̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ĭn",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "-ən",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɪn/",
      "note": "weak vowel distinction"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ən/",
      "note": "weak vowel merger"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ine"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ine meaning in English (17.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.