See -ка in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crp-slb",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "Solombala English: -ка (-ka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Solombala English: -ка (-ka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-k",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: -k",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: -k"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "-ка • (-ka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just come here!",
"roman": "Idíte-ka sjudá",
"text": "Иди́те-ка сюда́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Now listen, lad!",
"roman": "Poslúšaj-ka, párenʹ",
"text": "Послу́шай-ка, па́рень",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"now, just (usually appended to an imperative verb to express a pressing request)"
],
"id": "en--ка-ru-particle-m8wRIJRc",
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
]
}
],
"word": "-ка"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ъka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Slavic first palatalization"
},
"expansion": "Slavic first palatalization",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of two suffixes Proto-Slavic *-ьka and Proto-Slavic *-ъka. The former always came to be used after velars (hence the occurrence of the Slavic first palatalization), while the latter always came to be used after -л- (hence the lack of palatalization of -л- before -ка).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ка",
"roman": "-ka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ки",
"roman": "-ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ки",
"roman": "-ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ок",
"roman": "-ok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ек",
"roman": "-ek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ке",
"roman": "-ke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-кам",
"roman": "-kam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ку",
"roman": "-ku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ки",
"roman": "-ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-кой",
"roman": "-koj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-кою",
"roman": "-koju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ками",
"roman": "-kami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ке",
"roman": "-ke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ках",
"roman": "-kax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ка • (-ka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "жи́ла (žíla, “vein”) + -ка (-ka) → жи́лка (žílka, “veinlet, small vein”)"
},
{
"text": "моги́ла (mogíla, “grave”) + -ка (-ka) → моги́лка (mogílka, “small grave”)"
},
{
"text": "бума́га (bumága, “paper, document”) + -ка (-ka) → бума́жка (bumážka, “small document”)"
},
{
"text": "ку́кла (kúkla, “doll, puppet”) (genitive plural ку́кол (kúkol)) + -ка (-ka) → ку́колка (kúkolka, “small doll, pupa”)"
},
{
"text": "пчела́ (pčelá, “bee”) + -ка (-ka) → пчёлка (pčólka, “small bee”)"
},
{
"text": "вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka) → во́дка (vódka, “vodka”) (originally, \"something diluted with water\")"
},
{
"text": "ленингра́дец (leningrádec, “resident of Leningrad”) + -ка (-ka) → ленингра́дка (leningrádka, “female resident of Leningrad”)"
},
{
"text": "закали́ть (zakalítʹ, “to temper, to harden”) + -ка (-ka) → зака́лка (zakálka, “tempering, hardening; training (for endurance)”)"
},
{
"text": "мочи́ть (močítʹ, “to soak, to wet”) + -ка (-ka) → мо́чка (móčka, “soaking, wetting”)"
},
{
"text": "отде́лать (otdélatʹ, “to finish, to trim”) + -ка (-ka) → отде́лка (otdélka, “finishing, trimming; finish, trim”)"
},
{
"text": "подде́лать (poddélatʹ, “to counterfeit, to fake”) + -ка (-ka) → подде́лка (poddélka, “counterfeit, imitation, fake, forgery”)"
},
{
"text": "блоки́ровать (blokírovatʹ, “to block”) + -ка (-ka) → блокиро́вка (blokiróvka, “blocking, blockage”)"
},
{
"text": "заколо́ть (zakolótʹ, “to attach with a pin”) + -ка (-ka) → зако́лка (zakólka, “barrette”)"
},
{
"text": "пили́ть (pilítʹ, “to saw”) + -ка (-ka) → пи́лка (pílka, “fretsaw; fingernail file”)"
},
{
"text": "минера́льный (minerálʹnyj, “mineral (relational)”) + -ка (-ka) → минера́лка (minerálka, “mineral water (colloquial); mineral fertilizer (colloquial)”)"
},
{
"text": "зени́тный (zenítnyj, “zenith (relational); anti-aircraft (relational)”) + -ка (-ka) → зени́тка (zenítka, “anti-aircraft gun (colloquial)”)"
},
{
"text": "полтора́ (poltorá, “one and a half”) (oblique cases полу́тора (polútora)) + -ка (-ka) → полу́торка (polútorka, “small apartment consisting of a medium-sized room and a small room (colloquial); GAZ-AA-brand truck with a 1.5-ton payload (colloquial)”)"
},
{
"text": "запрещённый (zapreščónnyj, “forbidden”) + -ка (-ka) → запрещёнка (zapreščónka, “something forbidden (colloquial)”)"
}
],
"id": "en--ка-ru-suffix-47DEQpj8",
"links": [
[
"-ец",
"-ец#Russian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to (normally feminine) nouns, forms diminutives, sometimes with a further change in meaning)",
"(added to nouns denoting classes of people, forms the feminine equivalent; replaces the suffix -ец (-ec) if present)",
"(added to verbs, forms abstract nouns or nouns indicating the result of the action)",
"(added to verbs, forms instruments or tools)",
"(added to adjectives or numerals, forms colloquial nouns with the meaning of a carrier of the adjective's or numeral's properties)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to (normally feminine) nouns",
"forms diminutives",
"with a further change in meaning",
"added to nouns denoting classes of people",
"forms the feminine equivalent",
"added to verbs",
"forms abstract nouns or nouns indicating the result of the action",
"added to verbs",
"forms instruments or tools",
"added to adjectives or numerals",
"forms colloquial nouns with the meaning of a carrier of the adjective's or numeral's properties"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "-ók",
"word": "-о́к"
},
{
"roman": "-očka",
"word": "-очка"
},
{
"roman": "-ečka",
"word": "-ечка"
},
{
"roman": "-iška",
"word": "-ишка"
},
{
"roman": "-to",
"word": "-то"
}
],
"tags": [
"empty-gloss",
"morpheme",
"no-gloss",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"word": "-ка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian diminutive suffixes",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian noun-forming suffixes",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural",
"Russian particles",
"Russian suffixes",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian velar-stem feminine-form nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crp-slb",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "Solombala English: -ка (-ka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Solombala English: -ка (-ka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-k",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: -k",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: -k"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "-ка • (-ka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just come here!",
"roman": "Idíte-ka sjudá",
"text": "Иди́те-ка сюда́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Now listen, lad!",
"roman": "Poslúšaj-ka, párenʹ",
"text": "Послу́шай-ка, па́рень",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"now, just (usually appended to an imperative verb to express a pressing request)"
],
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
]
}
],
"word": "-ка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian diminutive suffixes",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian noun-forming suffixes",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural",
"Russian suffixes",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian velar-stem feminine-form nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ъka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Slavic first palatalization"
},
"expansion": "Slavic first palatalization",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of two suffixes Proto-Slavic *-ьka and Proto-Slavic *-ъka. The former always came to be used after velars (hence the occurrence of the Slavic first palatalization), while the latter always came to be used after -л- (hence the lack of palatalization of -л- before -ка).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ка",
"roman": "-ka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ки",
"roman": "-ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ки",
"roman": "-ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ок",
"roman": "-ok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ек",
"roman": "-ek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ке",
"roman": "-ke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-кам",
"roman": "-kam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ку",
"roman": "-ku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ки",
"roman": "-ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-кой",
"roman": "-koj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-кою",
"roman": "-koju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ками",
"roman": "-kami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ке",
"roman": "-ke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ках",
"roman": "-kax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ка • (-ka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-ók",
"word": "-о́к"
},
{
"roman": "-očka",
"word": "-очка"
},
{
"roman": "-ečka",
"word": "-ечка"
},
{
"roman": "-iška",
"word": "-ишка"
},
{
"roman": "-to",
"word": "-то"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "жи́ла (žíla, “vein”) + -ка (-ka) → жи́лка (žílka, “veinlet, small vein”)"
},
{
"text": "моги́ла (mogíla, “grave”) + -ка (-ka) → моги́лка (mogílka, “small grave”)"
},
{
"text": "бума́га (bumága, “paper, document”) + -ка (-ka) → бума́жка (bumážka, “small document”)"
},
{
"text": "ку́кла (kúkla, “doll, puppet”) (genitive plural ку́кол (kúkol)) + -ка (-ka) → ку́колка (kúkolka, “small doll, pupa”)"
},
{
"text": "пчела́ (pčelá, “bee”) + -ка (-ka) → пчёлка (pčólka, “small bee”)"
},
{
"text": "вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka) → во́дка (vódka, “vodka”) (originally, \"something diluted with water\")"
},
{
"text": "ленингра́дец (leningrádec, “resident of Leningrad”) + -ка (-ka) → ленингра́дка (leningrádka, “female resident of Leningrad”)"
},
{
"text": "закали́ть (zakalítʹ, “to temper, to harden”) + -ка (-ka) → зака́лка (zakálka, “tempering, hardening; training (for endurance)”)"
},
{
"text": "мочи́ть (močítʹ, “to soak, to wet”) + -ка (-ka) → мо́чка (móčka, “soaking, wetting”)"
},
{
"text": "отде́лать (otdélatʹ, “to finish, to trim”) + -ка (-ka) → отде́лка (otdélka, “finishing, trimming; finish, trim”)"
},
{
"text": "подде́лать (poddélatʹ, “to counterfeit, to fake”) + -ка (-ka) → подде́лка (poddélka, “counterfeit, imitation, fake, forgery”)"
},
{
"text": "блоки́ровать (blokírovatʹ, “to block”) + -ка (-ka) → блокиро́вка (blokiróvka, “blocking, blockage”)"
},
{
"text": "заколо́ть (zakolótʹ, “to attach with a pin”) + -ка (-ka) → зако́лка (zakólka, “barrette”)"
},
{
"text": "пили́ть (pilítʹ, “to saw”) + -ка (-ka) → пи́лка (pílka, “fretsaw; fingernail file”)"
},
{
"text": "минера́льный (minerálʹnyj, “mineral (relational)”) + -ка (-ka) → минера́лка (minerálka, “mineral water (colloquial); mineral fertilizer (colloquial)”)"
},
{
"text": "зени́тный (zenítnyj, “zenith (relational); anti-aircraft (relational)”) + -ка (-ka) → зени́тка (zenítka, “anti-aircraft gun (colloquial)”)"
},
{
"text": "полтора́ (poltorá, “one and a half”) (oblique cases полу́тора (polútora)) + -ка (-ka) → полу́торка (polútorka, “small apartment consisting of a medium-sized room and a small room (colloquial); GAZ-AA-brand truck with a 1.5-ton payload (colloquial)”)"
},
{
"text": "запрещённый (zapreščónnyj, “forbidden”) + -ка (-ka) → запрещёнка (zapreščónka, “something forbidden (colloquial)”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"-ец",
"-ец#Russian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to (normally feminine) nouns, forms diminutives, sometimes with a further change in meaning)",
"(added to nouns denoting classes of people, forms the feminine equivalent; replaces the suffix -ец (-ec) if present)",
"(added to verbs, forms abstract nouns or nouns indicating the result of the action)",
"(added to verbs, forms instruments or tools)",
"(added to adjectives or numerals, forms colloquial nouns with the meaning of a carrier of the adjective's or numeral's properties)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to (normally feminine) nouns",
"forms diminutives",
"with a further change in meaning",
"added to nouns denoting classes of people",
"forms the feminine equivalent",
"added to verbs",
"forms abstract nouns or nouns indicating the result of the action",
"added to verbs",
"forms instruments or tools",
"added to adjectives or numerals",
"forms colloquial nouns with the meaning of a carrier of the adjective's or numeral's properties"
],
"tags": [
"empty-gloss",
"morpheme",
"no-gloss",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"word": "-ка"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ка meaning in Russian (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: added to nouns denoting classes of people, forms the feminine equivalent; replaces the suffix -ец (-ec) if present",
"path": [
"-ка"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ка",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: added to nouns denoting classes of people, forms the feminine equivalent; replaces the suffix -ец (-ec) if present",
"path": [
"-ка"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ка",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.