See -es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-ēi(s)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ēi(s)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ḗy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ḗy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"tr": "utnē"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (utnē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-ēi(s), from Proto-Indo-European *-ḗy, a hysterokinetic *-ey-stem suffix only otherwise found in words like Hittite [script needed] (utnē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēs<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 14 34 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine suffixes in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "caedō (“I kill or cut”) → caedēs (“slaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "sedeō (“I sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-la:abstract_noun",
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:abstract noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-or"
},
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *-h₁i-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, the root of eō, īre (“to go”). Because the nominative singular would regularly have developed to *-is, the attested ending *-es has to be explained as an analogical replacement based on the alternation between -ĕ- in the closed final syllable of the nominative singular and -ĭ- in the open medial syllable of oblique forms that developed regularly in other nouns as a result of the sound change of vowel reduction.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-itis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-item",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-es/-it<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-la:t_stem",
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:t-stem"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "-ēs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "first conjugation",
"word": "-ō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-JG86~pCZ",
"links": [
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s"
],
"id": "en--es-la-suffix-jvVN9Nvl",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine suffixes",
"Latin feminine suffixes in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun-forming suffixes",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Latin third declension suffixes",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-ēi(s)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ēi(s)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ḗy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ḗy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"tr": "utnē"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (utnē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-ēi(s), from Proto-Indo-European *-ḗy, a hysterokinetic *-ey-stem suffix only otherwise found in words like Hittite [script needed] (utnē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ēs<3.I>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "caedō (“I kill or cut”) → caedēs (“slaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "sedeō (“I sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form"
],
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-or"
},
{
"word": "-us"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine suffixes",
"Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun-forming suffixes",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin suffixes with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Latin third declension suffixes",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *-h₁i-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, the root of eō, īre (“to go”). Because the nominative singular would regularly have developed to *-is, the attested ending *-es has to be explained as an analogical replacement based on the alternation between -ĕ- in the closed final syllable of the nominative singular and -ĭ- in the open medial syllable of oblique forms that developed regularly in other nouns as a result of the sound change of vowel reduction.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-itis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-itī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-item",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-itibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-itēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-es/-it<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'"
],
"links": [
[
"third-declension",
"Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:t-stem"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ēs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-ēs"
},
"expansion": "-ēs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "first conjugation",
"word": "-ō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-es"
},
"expansion": "-es",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s"
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/es/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[es]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-es"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -es meaning in Latin (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.