"-es" meaning in Latin

See -es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /eːs/ [Classical], [eːs̠] [Classical], /es/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [es] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|-ēs<3.I>}} Forms: -ēs [canonical, feminine], -is [genitive], -ēs [nominative, singular], -ēs [nominative, plural], -is [genitive, singular], -ium [genitive, plural], -ī [dative, singular], -ibus [dative, plural], -em [accusative, singular], -ēs [accusative, plural], -īs [accusative, plural], -e [ablative, singular], -ibus [ablative, plural], -ēs [singular, vocative], -ēs [plural, vocative]
  1. used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form Tags: declension-3, morpheme Synonyms: -or, -us
    Sense id: en--es-la-suffix-la:abstract_noun Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin feminine suffixes in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 52 13 22 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /eːs/ [Classical], [eːs̠] [Classical], /es/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [es] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From *-h₁i-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, the root of eō, īre (“to go”). Because the nominative singular would regularly have developed to *-is, the attested ending *-es has to be explained as an analogical replacement based on the alternation between -ĕ- in the closed final syllable of the nominative singular and -ĭ- in the open medial syllable of oblique forms that developed regularly in other nouns as a result of the sound change of vowel reduction. Etymology templates: {{m|ine-pro||*-h₁i-t-}} *-h₁i-t-, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*h₁ey-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, {{m|la|eō|eō, īre|t=to go}} eō, īre (“to go”), {{m|la||*-is}} *-is, {{m|la||*-es}} *-es Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|-es/-it<3>}} Forms: -itis [genitive], -es [nominative, singular], -itēs [nominative, plural], -itis [genitive, singular], -itum [genitive, plural], -itī [dative, singular], -itibus [dative, plural], -item [accusative, singular], -itēs [accusative, plural], -ite [ablative, singular], -itibus [ablative, plural], -es [singular, vocative], -itēs [plural, vocative]
  1. used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)' Tags: declension-3, masculine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--es-la-suffix-la:t_stem Categories (other): Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

IPA: /eːs/ [Classical], [eːs̠] [Classical], /es/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [es] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) Forms: -ēs [canonical]
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|la|suffix form|head=-ēs}} -ēs
  1. second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation) Tags: active, form-of, morpheme, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive Form of: -ō (extra: first conjugation)
    Sense id: en--es-la-suffix-JG86~pCZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Suffix

IPA: /eːs/ [Classical], [eːs̠] [Classical], /es/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [es] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|la|suffix form|head=-es}} -es
  1. nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s Tags: accusative, feminine, form-of, masculine, morpheme, nominative, plural, vocative Form of: -s
    Sense id: en--es-la-suffix-jvVN9Nvl
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4

Download JSON data for -es meaning in Latin (7.5kB)

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      "form": "-ēs",
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      "form": "-is",
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        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-em",
      "source": "declension",
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        "accusative",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "-ēs",
      "source": "declension",
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        "plural"
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      "form": "-īs",
      "source": "declension",
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        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
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        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
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      "source": "declension",
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        "ablative",
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  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 13 22 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine suffixes in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "caedō (“I kill or cut”) → caedēs (“slaughter”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "sedeō (“I sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
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      ],
      "id": "en--es-la-suffix-la:abstract_noun",
      "links": [
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          "feminine",
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          "abstract noun",
          "abstract noun#English"
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          "result",
          "result#English"
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      "senseid": [
        "la:abstract noun"
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        {
          "word": "-or"
        },
        {
          "word": "-us"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/eːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/es/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

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      "args": {
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      "form": "-itī",
      "source": "declension",
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      "form": "-itibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
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    },
    {
      "form": "-item",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
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      "form": "-itēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
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    {
      "form": "-ite",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
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    },
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      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
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      "source": "declension",
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        "singular",
        "vocative"
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      "source": "declension",
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  "senses": [
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          "name": "Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension",
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        {
          "text": "equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)"
        }
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      ],
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  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/eːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
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    },
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      "ipa": "/es/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
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      "tags": [
        "Classical"
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      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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  ],
  "word": "-es"
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      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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    {
      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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  ],
  "word": "-es"
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    "Latin noun-forming suffixes",
    "Latin suffix forms",
    "Latin suffixes",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Latin third declension suffixes"
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    },
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      "form": "-ī",
      "source": "declension",
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      "source": "declension",
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        "plural"
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    },
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      "source": "declension",
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        "singular"
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      "source": "declension",
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      "form": "-īs",
      "source": "declension",
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        "plural"
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    },
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      "form": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "-ibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
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    },
    {
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      "source": "declension",
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        "singular",
        "vocative"
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      "source": "declension",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "text": "sedeō (“I sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
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      ],
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          "result",
          "result#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
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      "tags": [
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    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/eːs/",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "/es/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-or"
    },
    {
      "word": "-us"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

{
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    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine suffixes",
    "Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin noun-forming suffixes",
    "Latin suffix forms",
    "Latin suffixes",
    "Latin suffixes with red links in their inflection tables",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
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    "Latin third declension suffixes"
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  "etymology_number": 2,
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    {
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
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        "3": "eō, īre",
        "t": "to go"
      },
      "expansion": "eō, īre (“to go”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-is"
      },
      "expansion": "*-is",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-es"
      },
      "expansion": "*-es",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *-h₁i-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-, the root of eō, īre (“to go”). Because the nominative singular would regularly have developed to *-is, the attested ending *-es has to be explained as an analogical replacement based on the alternation between -ĕ- in the closed final syllable of the nominative singular and -ĭ- in the open medial syllable of oblique forms that developed regularly in other nouns as a result of the sound change of vowel reduction.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-itis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-es",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-item",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ite",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-es",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-itēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-es/-it<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "third-declension",
          "Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
        ],
        [
          "nouns",
          "nouns#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "la:t-stem"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/eːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/es/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin suffix forms",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ēs",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suffix form",
        "head": "-ēs"
      },
      "expansion": "-ēs",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "first conjugation",
          "word": "-ō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ō",
          "-o#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "morpheme",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/eːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/es/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin suffix forms",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suffix form",
        "head": "-es"
      },
      "expansion": "-es",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-s"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-s",
          "-s#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/eːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/es/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-es"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.