"-or" meaning in Latin

See -or in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /or/ [Classical], [ɔr] [Classical], /or/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ɔr] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *-ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōs, for original *-oss, compound suffix from *(é)-os (athematic) (neuter s-stem) + *-s (masculine nominative). The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases originally with non-ablauting o (the three exceptions were arbor, mulier and Cerēs). Afterwards nom.sg. -ōr > -or, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in other r-stems (soror, -tor), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long. Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-pro|*-ōs}} Proto-Italic *-ōs, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*-ōs}} Proto-Indo-European *-ōs, {{m|ine-pro|*-oss}} *-oss, {{af|ine-pro|*-os|*-s|alt1=*(é)-os (athematic)|id1=athematic|nocat=1|pos1=neuter s-stem|pos2=masculine nominative}} *(é)-os (athematic) (neuter s-stem) + *-s (masculine nominative), {{m|la|arbor}} arbor, {{m|la|mulier}} mulier, {{m|la|Cerēs}} Cerēs, {{m|la|soror}} soror, {{m|la|-tor}} -tor Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|-or<3>}} Forms: -ōris [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], -or [nominative, singular], -ōrēs [nominative, plural], -ōris [genitive, singular], -ōrum [genitive, plural], -ōrī [dative, singular], -ōribus [dative, plural], -ōrem [accusative, singular], -ōrēs [accusative, plural], -ōre [ablative, singular], -ōribus [ablative, plural], -or [singular, vocative], -ōrēs [plural, vocative]
  1. used to form a third-declension masculine abstract noun from a verb root or conceived root form Tags: declension-3, masculine, morpheme Synonyms: -ēs, -us Related terms: -ātor, -tor (alt: -sor)
    Sense id: en--or-la-suffix-TI-ej87l Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 51 25 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /or/ [Classical], [ɔr] [Classical], /or/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ɔr] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|la|suffix form}} -or
  1. first-person singular present passive indicative of -ō (first conjugation) Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, morpheme, passive, present, singular Form of: -ō (extra: first conjugation)
    Sense id: en--or-la-suffix-Fwbmqc52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

IPA: /or/ [Classical], [ɔr] [Classical], /or/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ɔr] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|la|suffix form}} -or
  1. first-person singular present passive indicative of -ō (third conjugation) Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, morpheme, passive, present, singular Form of: -ō (extra: third conjugation)
    Sense id: en--or-la-suffix-UraTbfiL
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for -or meaning in Latin (5.8kB)

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  "etymology_number": 1,
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      "args": {
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        "2": "itc-pro",
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    {
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "mulier",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Cerēs"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "soror"
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      "expansion": "soror",
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      "args": {
        "1": "la",
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    }
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  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōs, for original *-oss, compound suffix from *(é)-os (athematic) (neuter s-stem) + *-s (masculine nominative).\nThe ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases originally with non-ablauting o (the three exceptions were arbor, mulier and Cerēs). Afterwards nom.sg. -ōr > -or, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in other r-stems (soror, -tor), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.",
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      "form": "-ōrēs",
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        "nominative",
        "plural"
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    {
      "form": "-ōris",
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        "genitive",
        "singular"
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      "form": "-ōrum",
      "source": "declension",
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        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "-ōrī",
      "source": "declension",
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        "dative",
        "singular"
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    },
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      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ōrem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "-ōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
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        "accusative",
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    },
    {
      "form": "-ōre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "-ōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-or",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
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    }
  ],
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      "args": {
        "1": "-or<3>"
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  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "amō (“I love”) + -or → amor (“love”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "timeō (“I fear”, “I am afraid”) + -or → timor (“fear”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
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      ],
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          "Appendix:Latin third declension#English"
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          "masculine",
          "masculine#English"
        ],
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          "abstract noun",
          "abstract noun#English"
        ]
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        {
          "word": "-ātor"
        },
        {
          "alt": "-sor",
          "word": "-tor"
        }
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        {
          "word": "-ēs"
        },
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          "word": "-us"
        }
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        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
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      "ipa": "/or/",
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        "Classical"
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      "ipa": "[ɔr]",
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        "Classical"
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      "ipa": "/or/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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    {
      "ipa": "[ɔr]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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  "word": "-or"
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      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
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          "-ō",
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      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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    {
      "ipa": "[ɔr]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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  "word": "-or"
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{
  "categories": [
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    "Latin noun-forming suffixes",
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    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
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      "source": "declension",
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        "nominative",
        "plural"
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    {
      "form": "-ōris",
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      "form": "-ōrum",
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        "genitive",
        "plural"
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    {
      "form": "-ōrī",
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        "dative",
        "singular"
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      "form": "-ōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ōrem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
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      "source": "declension",
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        "accusative",
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      "form": "-ōre",
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    {
      "form": "-or",
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        "vocative"
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    },
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  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
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      "word": "-ātor"
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      "alt": "-sor",
      "word": "-tor"
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  ],
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    {
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        {
          "text": "amō (“I love”) + -or → amor (“love”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "timeō (“I fear”, “I am afraid”) + -or → timor (“fear”)",
          "type": "example"
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      "ipa": "[ɔr]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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  "word": "-or"
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first-person singular present passive indicative of -ō (third conjugation)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ō",
          "-o#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "morpheme",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/or/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/or/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɔr]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-or"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.