See -ier on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ier meaning in All languages combined (21.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "-y + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "-y + -er",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "equivalent to (dropped -y) + (-i- + -er)",
"word": "-er for adjectives and verbs ending in -y"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of -er for adjectives and verbs ending in -y; equivalent to (dropped -y) + (-i- + -er)."
],
"id": "en--ier-en-suffix-MjduDpk6",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-i-",
"-i-#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ied"
},
{
"word": "-iest"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to make agent nouns, particularly with words from French: clothier, perfumier."
],
"id": "en--ier-en-suffix-3wHUueWd",
"links": [
[
"clothier",
"clothier#English"
],
[
"perfumier",
"perfumier#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French -ier",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"id": "en--ier-nl-suffix-U-vcSwKE",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iːr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg/Nl--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "-ārius",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aire",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aire",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ière",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ier m (plural -iers, feminine -ière)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "banane (“banana”) + -ier → bananier (“banana tree”)"
},
{
"text": "poire (“pear”) + -ier → poirier (“pear tree”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-tLQhgl4t",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chalut (“trawl net”) + -ier → chalutier (“trawler”)"
},
{
"text": "pétrole (“oil”) + -ier → pétrolier (“oil tanker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of ships"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-YlzaYqPm",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of jobs"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-pcSiGpt7",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bankier, Kürassier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French."
],
"id": "en--ier-de-suffix-AwsJA7iT",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting a verb",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)"
],
"id": "en--ier-frm-suffix-tCrSxHxf",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)"
],
"id": "en--ier-frm-suffix-HRDXsskT",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-ier",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -ier, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -ier, -er"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "-ieu"
},
"expansion": "Gallo: -ieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo: -ieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-ieren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "-yi"
},
"expansion": "Norman: -yi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norman: -yi (Jersey)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -āre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir -ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en -ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-astes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to forge",
"text": "forgier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-AZ9sAUR~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "both etymologies, present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "verbal suffix, 9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -er, -ier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -er, -ier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French: -ier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -ier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -eer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -eer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-erie",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: -erie",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: -erie (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-iere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: -iere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: -iere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "-eri",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: -eri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: -eri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārius, -ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius, -ārium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ārius, -ārium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-re"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "butcher",
"text": "bouchier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a profession"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-LZdr-QPZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "forestier ― forester",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates location, where one lives"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-XutTpEnm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "both etymologies, present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "verbal suffix, 9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality, e.g. Indien → indier, Iran, iranier"
],
"id": "en--ier-sv-suffix-A2xBK11e",
"links": [
[
"-an",
"-an#English"
],
[
"Indien",
"Indien#Swedish"
],
[
"indier",
"indier#Swedish"
],
[
"Iran",
"Iran#Swedish"
],
[
"iranier",
"iranier#Swedish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-an"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French -ier",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from French",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iːr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg/Nl--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms suffixed with -er"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "-y + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "-y + -er",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ied"
},
{
"word": "-iest"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "equivalent to (dropped -y) + (-i- + -er)",
"word": "-er for adjectives and verbs ending in -y"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of -er for adjectives and verbs ending in -y; equivalent to (dropped -y) + (-i- + -er)."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-i-",
"-i-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to make agent nouns, particularly with words from French: clothier, perfumier."
],
"links": [
[
"clothier",
"clothier#English"
],
[
"perfumier",
"perfumier#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French doublets",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "-ārius",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aire",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aire",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ière",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ier m (plural -iers, feminine -ière)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "banane (“banana”) + -ier → bananier (“banana tree”)"
},
{
"text": "poire (“pear”) + -ier → poirier (“pear tree”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chalut (“trawl net”) + -ier → chalutier (“trawler”)"
},
{
"text": "pétrole (“oil”) + -ier → pétrolier (“oil tanker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of ships"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of jobs"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms with audio links"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bankier, Kürassier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ier.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting a verb",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French first group verbs",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-ier",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -ier, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -ier, -er"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "-ieu"
},
"expansion": "Gallo: -ieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo: -ieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-ieren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "-yi"
},
"expansion": "Norman: -yi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norman: -yi (Jersey)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -āre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir -ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en -ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-astes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to forge",
"text": "forgier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "both etymologies, present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"english": "verbal suffix, 9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -er, -ier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -er, -ier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French: -ier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -ier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -eer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -eer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-erie",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: -erie",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: -erie (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-iere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: -iere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: -iere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "-eri",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: -eri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: -eri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārius, -ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius, -ārium",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ārius, -ārium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"word": "-re"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "butcher",
"text": "bouchier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a profession"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "forestier ― forester",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates location, where one lives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "both etymologies, present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"english": "verbal suffix, 9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality, e.g. Indien → indier, Iran, iranier"
],
"links": [
[
"-an",
"-an#English"
],
[
"Indien",
"Indien#Swedish"
],
[
"indier",
"indier#Swedish"
],
[
"Iran",
"Iran#Swedish"
],
[
"iranier",
"iranier#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-an"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'jo' base_tags={'indicative', 'singular', 'first-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'il' base_tags={'indicative', 'singular', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'third-person', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'nos' base_tags={'indicative', 'first-person', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'vos' base_tags={'indicative', 'plural', 'second-person', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'il' base_tags={'indicative', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'third-person', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que jo' base_tags={'singular', 'subjunctive', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'qu’il' base_tags={'singular', 'second-person', 'subjunctive', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que nos' base_tags={'singular', 'plural', 'subjunctive', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que vos' base_tags={'singular', 'plural', 'subjunctive', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'qu’il' base_tags={'singular', 'plural', 'subjunctive', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'nos' base_tags={'imperative', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'dummy-ignore-skipped', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'vos' base_tags={'imperative', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'dummy-ignore-skipped', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.