See -ier on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "-y + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -y + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -y suffixed with -er."
],
"id": "en--ier-en-suffix-hpQcFYx5",
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ied"
},
{
"word": "-iest"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 6 3 3 5 18 8 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 26 6 2 2 5 19 7 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to make agent nouns, particularly with words from French: clothier, perfumier."
],
"id": "en--ier-en-suffix-3wHUueWd",
"links": [
[
"clothier",
"clothier#English"
],
[
"perfumier",
"perfumier#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French -ier",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"id": "en--ier-nl-suffix-U-vcSwKE",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iːr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg/Nl--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aire",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aire",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ière",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ier m (plural -iers, feminine -ière)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "banane (“banana”) + -ier → bananier (“banana tree”)"
},
{
"text": "poire (“pear”) + -ier → poirier (“pear tree”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-tLQhgl4t",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chalut (“trawl net”) + -ier → chalutier (“trawler”)"
},
{
"text": "pétrole (“oil”) + -ier → pétrolier (“oil tanker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of ships"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-YlzaYqPm",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of jobs"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-pcSiGpt7",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ier",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kneipe + -ier → Kneipier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pleite + -ier → Pleitier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French."
],
"id": "en--ier-de-suffix-AwsJA7iT",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i̯eː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jeː/"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting a verb",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)"
],
"id": "en--ier-frm-suffix-tCrSxHxf",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)"
],
"id": "en--ier-frm-suffix-HRDXsskT",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er",
"id": "1conj"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -er",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "-ieu"
},
"expansion": "Gallo: -ieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo: -ieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-ieren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "-yi"
},
"expansion": "Norman: -yi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norman: -yi (Jersey)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la>-āre>verb suffix",
"id": "infinitive suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ierInherited from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ierInherited from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir -ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en -ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-astes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 28 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 31 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to forge",
"text": "forgier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-AZ9sAUR~",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ar (9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France"
],
"tags": [
"present"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-erie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er",
"id": "suf"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -ier, -er\n→ English: -eer, -er",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -ier, -er\n→ English: -eer, -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-iere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: -iere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: -iere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-aire",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: -aire\nIrish: -aire\nScottish Gaelic: -air",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: -aire\nIrish: -aire\nScottish Gaelic: -air"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "-eri",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: -eri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: -eri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la>-ārius>agent noun",
"id": "nouns",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -ārium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-re"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "butcher",
"text": "bouchier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a profession"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-fro:suf",
"senseid": [
"fro:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "forester",
"text": "forestier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates location, where one lives"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-XutTpEnm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France"
],
"tags": [
"present"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality, e.g. Indien → indier, Iran, iranier"
],
"id": "en--ier-sv-suffix-A2xBK11e",
"links": [
[
"-an",
"-an"
],
[
"Indien",
"Indien#Swedish"
],
[
"indier",
"indier#Swedish"
],
[
"Iran",
"Iran#Swedish"
],
[
"iranier",
"iranier#Swedish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-an"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French -ier",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from French",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iːr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg/Nl--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "-y + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -y + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ied"
},
{
"word": "-iest"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -y suffixed with -er."
],
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to make agent nouns, particularly with words from French: clothier, perfumier."
],
"links": [
[
"clothier",
"clothier#English"
],
[
"perfumier",
"perfumier#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French doublets",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aire",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aire",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ière",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ier m (plural -iers, feminine -ière)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "banane (“banana”) + -ier → bananier (“banana tree”)"
},
{
"text": "poire (“pear”) + -ier → poirier (“pear tree”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chalut (“trawl net”) + -ier → chalutier (“trawler”)"
},
{
"text": "pétrole (“oil”) + -ier → pétrolier (“oil tanker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of ships"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of jobs"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ier",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms borrowed from French",
"German terms derived from French",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kneipe + -ier → Kneipier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pleite + -ier → Pleitier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i̯eː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jeː/"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting a verb",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology texts",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French first group verbs",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Old French entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er",
"id": "1conj"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -er",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "-ieu"
},
"expansion": "Gallo: -ieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gallo: -ieu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-ieren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: -ieren\nGerman: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)\n→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)\n→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "-yi"
},
"expansion": "Norman: -yi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norman: -yi (Jersey)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la>-āre>verb suffix",
"id": "infinitive suffix",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ierInherited from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ierInherited from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir -ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en -ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-astes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to forge",
"text": "forgier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France"
],
"tags": [
"present"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"word": "-ar (9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Old French entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-erie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-er",
"id": "suf"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -ier, -er\n→ English: -eer, -er",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: -er\nFrench: -ier, -er\n→ English: -eer, -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-iere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: -iere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: -iere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-aire",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: -aire\nIrish: -aire\nScottish Gaelic: -air",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: -aire\nIrish: -aire\nScottish Gaelic: -air"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "-eri",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: -eri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: -eri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la>-ārius>agent noun",
"id": "nouns",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -ārium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"word": "-re"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "butcher",
"text": "bouchier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a profession"
],
"senseid": [
"fro:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "forester",
"text": "forestier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates location, where one lives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France"
],
"tags": [
"present"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality, e.g. Indien → indier, Iran, iranier"
],
"links": [
[
"-an",
"-an"
],
[
"Indien",
"Indien#Swedish"
],
[
"indier",
"indier#Swedish"
],
[
"Iran",
"Iran#Swedish"
],
[
"iranier",
"iranier#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-an"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ier meaning in All languages combined (21.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'jo' base_tags={'indicative', 'singular', 'first-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'il' base_tags={'indicative', 'second-person', 'singular', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'third-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'nos' base_tags={'indicative', 'second-person', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'first-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'vos' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'plural', 'indicative', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'il' base_tags={'indicative', 'second-person', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'third-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que jo' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'subjunctive', 'singular'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'qu’il' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'subjunctive', 'singular', 'second-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que nos' base_tags={'subjunctive', 'second-person', 'singular', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que vos' base_tags={'subjunctive', 'second-person', 'singular', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'qu’il' base_tags={'subjunctive', 'second-person', 'singular', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'nos' base_tags={'second-person', 'dummy-ignore-skipped', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'imperative'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'vos' base_tags={'second-person', 'dummy-ignore-skipped', 'plural', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'imperative'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.