See -er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>infinitive suffix",
"id": "verb",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier／-er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ier／-er",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nInherited from Old French -ier／-er, from Latin -āre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--er-frm-suffix-frm:1conj",
"senseid": [
"frm:1conj"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -ier, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -ier, -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"3": "-er",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -eer, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -eer, -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>nouns",
"id": "noun",
"pos": "suffix",
"text": "1",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -erFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -erFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bouc + -er → boucher (“butcher”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, often denoting professions"
],
"id": "en--er-frm-suffix-frm:suf",
"senseid": [
"frm:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>infinitive suffix",
"id": "verb",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier／-er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier//-er"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ier／-er",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āre"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nInherited from Old French -ier／-er, from Latin -āre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"frm:1conj"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with etymology texts",
"Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-ier",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "French: -ier, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: -ier, -er"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"3": "-er",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: -eer, -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: -eer, -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "inh",
"3": "fro>-ier>nouns",
"id": "noun",
"pos": "suffix",
"text": "1",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -erFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -erFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bouc + -er → boucher (“butcher”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, often denoting professions"
],
"senseid": [
"frm:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "typically early Middle French",
"word": "-ier"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -er meaning in Middle French (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.