See -er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -er meaning in English (89.3kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "agentive",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"id": "agentive"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-are"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -are",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old French -or",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-eor"
},
"expansion": "-eor",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-our"
},
"expansion": "-our",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-tor",
"4": "-(ā)tor"
},
"expansion": "Latin -(ā)tor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tōr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ere, -er, from Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, usually thought to have been borrowed from Latin -ārius. However, Gąsiorowski suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -er, West Frisian -er, Dutch -er, German Low German -er, German -er, Danish -er, Swedish -are, Icelandic -ari.\nCompare the synonymous but unrelated Old French -or, -eor (Anglo-Norman variant -our), from Latin -(ā)tor, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "-ee"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "read + -er → reader",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cook + -er → cooker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "compute + -er → computer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "run + -er → runner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "toast + -er → toaster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "swim + -er → swimmer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "do good + -er → do-gooder",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:agent_noun",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "look + -er → looker (“an attractive person”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "keep + -er → keeper (“a person or thing worth keeping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:patient",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs, informal) A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:patient"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 3 12 4 5 2 8 7 4 11 5 1 1 4 2 6 4 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "astrology + -er → astrologer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "baby boom + -er → baby boomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "conlang + -er → conlanger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cricket + -er → cricketer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "trumpet + -er → trumpeter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zine + -er → ziner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:occupation",
"qualifier": "chiefly denoting occupations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:occupation"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-yuán",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "...员"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of physical work",
"roman": "-gōng",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...工"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of sports, games or instruments",
"roman": "-shǒu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of a skilled job",
"roman": "-shī",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...师"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"honorific"
],
"word": "...家"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-de",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...的"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ař"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ář"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-íř"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ník"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ik"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-log"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ér"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-or"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "for players of instruments or games",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as joueur m/joueuse f de followed by the name of the instrument or game played",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ay",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ַאי"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-an",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ָן"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-us"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ász"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ész"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-lógus"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-maður"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "giocatore m/giocatrice f di followed by the name of the sport",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-kar"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-čin",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чин"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-č",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ч"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-kâr",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ـکار"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-arz"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-arka"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-acz"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-czyni"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nik"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cielka"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-air"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 15 33 16 2 15 3",
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "not used in French",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ú"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ű"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jú"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jű"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "not used in Italian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nieks"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niece"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ak"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 6 24 15 17 7 12",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "oní-"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "six + -er → sixer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "six foot + -er → six-footer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "three-wheel + -er → three-wheeler",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "first grade + -er → first grader",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:measurement",
"qualifier": "measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets) A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to numbers"
],
"senseid": [
"en:measurement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "percent + -er → percenter (“commission agent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "one hand + -er → one-hander (“one-man show”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oat + -er → oater (“a Western-themed movie”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:entertainment",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, chiefly entertainment, with few limitations) Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with few limitations"
],
"senseid": [
"en:entertainment"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "anti-vax + -er → anti-vaxxer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "birth + -er → birther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "flat earth + -er → flat-earther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "truth + -er → truther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "woke + -er → woker",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:ideology",
"links": [
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:ideology"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bacon + -er → baconer (“pig raised for bacon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "chocolate chip + -er → chocolate chipper (“cookie containing chocolate chips”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sternwheel + -er → sternwheeler (“vessel driven by a sternwheel”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:relational",
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns or occasionally adjectives, generally) A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns or occasionally adjectives"
],
"senseid": [
"en:relational"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "following an abbreviation, or sometimes following a number",
"word": "-'er"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ës"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ëse"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tar"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tare"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mu-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "مُـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mi-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "مِـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-triu"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhě",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ič"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ač"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-itel"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-átor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"english": "person that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"english": "thing or tool that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-uri"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eur"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gn",
"lang": "Guaraní",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-hára"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "onye-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tore"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"alt": "...しゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-sha",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"alt": "...か",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"alt": "...て",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-te",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "kg",
"lang": "Kongo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-van"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ājs"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-āja"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ējs"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ēja"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ents"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ists"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ors"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ers"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eris"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ieris"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iere"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "kai-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-gč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-гч"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ونکی"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-konande",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـکننده"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-gar",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـگر"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-toare"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"alt": "-а́тель m (-átelʹ) / -я́тель m (-játelʹ) / -и́тель m (-ítelʹ)",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ник"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-о́вщик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щи́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-čik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ик"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-átor",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-а́тор"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-áč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-а́ч"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-er",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ер"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-क"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-air"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ear"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-iche"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "m-"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûu...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ผู้..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kon...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "คน..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yan"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 9 9 9 30 6 4",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "oní-"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware",
"pos": "suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\")",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-wari"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-wari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz",
"4": "",
"5": "defender, inhabitant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to close, cover, protect, save, defend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\"), from Proto-West Germanic *-wari, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 5 20 5 6 2 13 27 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "New York + -er → New Yorker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "London + -er → Londoner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dublin + -er → Dubliner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "New England + -er → New Englander",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:inhabitant",
"links": [
[
"resident",
"resident"
],
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a proper noun"
],
"senseid": [
"en:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-cʻi",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ցի"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ano"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as habitant m/habitante f de followed by the name of the place",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-eli",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lakó"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-jin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "人"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "orang"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "ـی"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ão"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-enho"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анин"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анка"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-each"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-bo"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "oní-"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "island + -er → islander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "highland + -er → highlander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "eastend + -er → eastender",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting residency in or around a place, district, area, or region."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-FeJwuvKX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-re",
"id": "noun plural"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -re",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ru",
"4": "",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ru (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izō",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "German -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ren"
},
"expansion": "-ren",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -re, -er, from Old English -ru (plural suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix). Cognate with Dutch -er (plural ending), German -er (plural ending). See also -ren.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 12 4 5 2 8 7 4 11 5 1 1 4 2 6 4 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 11 3 4 3 6 6 4 15 4 1 1 8 3 5 3 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ren"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "childer, calver, lamber, linder (\"loins\")"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-vlTOc4C0",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "agentive"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ieur"
},
"expansion": "-ieur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-aris"
},
"expansion": "Latin -aris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-arius"
},
"expansion": "-arius",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-atorium"
},
"expansion": "-atorium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, representing various noun-suffixes in Old French and Anglo-Norman, variously -er, -ier and -ieur, from Latin -aris, -arius, -atorium. As a productive suffix, now merged with the occupational sense of Etymology 1.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bottle + -er → butler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Person or thing connected with."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-aLjr3dWC",
"links": [
[
"Person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"id": "comparative"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iʀō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iʀō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ōʀō"
},
"expansion": "*-ōʀō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōzô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōzô",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ra, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô (a derivative of Etymology 6, below); related to superlative -est.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hard + -er → harder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wet + -er → wetter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fast + -er → faster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "strong + -er → stronger",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:comparative",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
],
[
"comparative",
"comparative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "now especially short ones",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adjectives and adverbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenA@SideChesthigh OpenA@SideNeckhigh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aveli",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ավելի"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-oc'h"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ejší"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ější"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-čí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ší"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "pli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-íōn",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ίων"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yori",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "より"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "motto",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "もっと"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ciəng",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ជាង"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-or"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "تر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-eder"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "maj"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"roman": "bóleje",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "бо́лее"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "-ее (-eje) (various suffixes exist)",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mas"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "-gwàa",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-กว่า"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "daha"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "... hơn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "used before the adjective only if polysyllabic",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mwy"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old English -or",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -or, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ, Proto-Germanic *-ōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-l0wruclG",
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adverbs) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-eji"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-ěji"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "تر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-are"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -eren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ren"
},
"expansion": "-ren",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-rien"
},
"expansion": "-rien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-rian"
},
"expansion": "-rian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-rōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-rōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-iʀōn"
},
"expansion": "*-iʀōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-rōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-rōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-izōną"
},
"expansion": "*-izōną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-erje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -erje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "German -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-re"
},
"expansion": "Danish -re",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -eren, -ren, -rien, from Old English -erian, -rian, from Proto-West Germanic *-rōn, *-iʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *-rōną or *-izōną. Cognate with West Frisian -erje, Dutch -eren, German -eren, -ern, Danish -re, Swedish -ra.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "twitter, clamber, bicker, mutter, wander, flutter, flicker, slither, smother, sputter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:verbal_frequentative",
"links": [
[
"Frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or imitative sound) Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or imitative sound"
],
"senseid": [
"en:verbal frequentative"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "used to form frequentative",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-lla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-llä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-g"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-ejar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman -er",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old French -er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Anglo-Norman -er, Old French -er, the infinitive verbal ending.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "disclaim + -er → disclaimer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "remit + -er → remitter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misname + -er → misnomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rebut + -er → rebutter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:action_noun",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Instance",
"instance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly law, added to a verb) Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb"
],
"senseid": [
"en:action noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 9,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ere",
"id": "diminutive",
"pos": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ere (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, -ere (diminutive suffix). Compare -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "shive + -er → shiver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slive + -er → sliver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "splint + -er → splinter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-mqhYS7pk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or noun) Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 10,
"etymology_text": "Attested in the UK since the 19th century. Originally Rugby School slang. Later adopted by Oxford University and then wider British society.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-zza"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "association + -er → soccer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "football + -er → footer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rugby + -er → rugger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Radcliffe + -er → Radder (“a building at Oxford University”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-en:Oxford",
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally school slang) Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ers"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:Oxford"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-ci"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford \"-er\""
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 11,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "-or",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-raz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-raz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -er, -or, from Proto-Germanic *-raz. Compare -le.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
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],
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{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "clive + -er → cliver (“apt to cleave or adhere to, tenacious, expert as seizing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slip + -er → slipper (“tending to make slip, slippery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wake + -er → waker (“tending to wake, watchful”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action:",
"A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action"
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-xbLFNKeX",
"links": [
[
"aptitude",
"aptitude"
],
[
"proneness",
"proneness"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-le"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 12,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "兒",
"4": "-兒",
"tr": "-ér"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin -兒／-儿 (-ér)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin -兒／-儿 (-ér).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Literature",
"orig": "en:Literature",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Li’er said hello to his father.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979, Women of China, page 44",
"text": "Yue’er began to laugh again and her tears shimmered like dew on a lotus leaf disturbed by a breeze. Then we heard a sound. It was Man’er.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002 [1934], Xiao Hong, “The Field of Life and Death”, in Howard Goldblatt, transl., The Field of Life and Death & Tales of Hulan River, page 32",
"text": "The fish was laid out on the table, but Ping’er had not come back, nor had his father.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014 [1959], Zhong Lihe, “The Little Ridge”, in T. M. McClellan, transl., From the Old Country: Stories and Sketches of China and Taiwan, page 202",
"text": "Ying’er was not yet three years old. Li’er had always been the one to play with her or to carry her places on his back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"id": "en--er-en-suffix-Z8f4kj9X",
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"Junior",
"junior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese literature) Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"related": [
{
"english": "verb to adjective",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of action"
],
"tags": [
"subjective"
],
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-ess"
},
{
"word": "-ress"
},
{
"english": "feminine noun extension form",
"word": "-rix"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "-est"
},
{
"english": "verb to noun",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "more"
},
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "agentive",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"id": "agentive"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "-er"
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"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ārī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "German -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Danish -er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-are"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -are",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ari"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ari",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old French -or",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-eor"
},
"expansion": "-eor",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-our"
},
"expansion": "-our",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-tor",
"4": "-(ā)tor"
},
"expansion": "Latin -(ā)tor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tōr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -ere, -er, from Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, usually thought to have been borrowed from Latin -ārius. However, Gąsiorowski suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -er, West Frisian -er, Dutch -er, German Low German -er, German -er, Danish -er, Swedish -are, Icelandic -ari.\nCompare the synonymous but unrelated Old French -or, -eor (Anglo-Norman variant -our), from Latin -(ā)tor, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
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"word": "-eer"
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],
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"antonyms": [
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"word": "-ee"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "read + -er → reader",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cook + -er → cooker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "compute + -er → computer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "run + -er → runner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "toast + -er → toaster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "swim + -er → swimmer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "do good + -er → do-gooder",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "look + -er → looker (“an attractive person”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "keep + -er → keeper (“a person or thing worth keeping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to verbs, informal) A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:patient"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "astrology + -er → astrologer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "baby boom + -er → baby boomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "conlang + -er → conlanger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cricket + -er → cricketer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "trumpet + -er → trumpeter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zine + -er → ziner",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"qualifier": "chiefly denoting occupations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:occupation"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "six + -er → sixer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "six foot + -er → six-footer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "three-wheel + -er → three-wheeler",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "first grade + -er → first grader",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"qualifier": "measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets) A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to numbers"
],
"senseid": [
"en:measurement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "percent + -er → percenter (“commission agent”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "one hand + -er → one-hander (“one-man show”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oat + -er → oater (“a Western-themed movie”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, chiefly entertainment, with few limitations) Used to form nouns shorter than more formal synonyms."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with few limitations"
],
"senseid": [
"en:entertainment"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "anti-vax + -er → anti-vaxxer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "birth + -er → birther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "flat earth + -er → flat-earther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "truth + -er → truther",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "woke + -er → woker",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"links": [
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns) A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"en:ideology"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bacon + -er → baconer (“pig raised for bacon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "chocolate chip + -er → chocolate chipper (“cookie containing chocolate chips”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sternwheel + -er → sternwheeler (“vessel driven by a sternwheel”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"qualifier": "generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to nouns or occasionally adjectives, generally) A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to nouns or occasionally adjectives"
],
"senseid": [
"en:relational"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "following an abbreviation, or sometimes following a number",
"word": "-'er"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ës"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ëse"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-tare"
},
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does..."
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mu-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "مُـ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mi-",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "مِـ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-triu"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhě",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ič"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ač"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-itel"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-átor"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "person that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "thing or tool that does",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-in"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-uri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-euse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"code": "gn",
"lang": "Guaraní",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-hára"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "onye-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pe"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tore"
},
{
"alt": "...しゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-sha",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...者"
},
{
"alt": "...か",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...家"
},
{
"alt": "...て",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-te",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"code": "kg",
"lang": "Kongo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-van"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ājs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-āja"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ējs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ēja"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ents"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ente"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ists"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ors"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ers"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eris"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ieris"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iere"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "peng-"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "pem-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "kai-"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-gč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-гч"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ونکی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-konande",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـکننده"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-gar",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ـگر"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-tor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-toare"
},
{
"alt": "-а́тель m (-átelʹ) / -я́тель m (-játelʹ) / -и́тель m (-ítelʹ)",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-nik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-óvščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-о́вщик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ščík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-щи́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-čik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ík",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-átor",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-а́тор"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-áč",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-а́ч"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-er",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ер"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-क"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-air"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ear"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-iche"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "m-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûu...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ผู้..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kon...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "คน..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-yen"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used to form agent nouns) person or thing that does...",
"word": "oní-"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ičʻ",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-իչ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сы"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-se",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-се"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-so",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-со"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "-sö",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-сө"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-yuán",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "...员"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of physical work",
"roman": "-gōng",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...工"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of sports, games or instruments",
"roman": "-shǒu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...手"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "of a skilled job",
"roman": "-shī",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "...师"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-jiā",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"honorific"
],
"word": "...家"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-de",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ař"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ář"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-íř"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ník"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ik"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-log"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-graf"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ér"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-or"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "for players of instruments or games",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as joueur m/joueuse f de followed by the name of the instrument or game played",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ás",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-άς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-oú",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ού"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ay",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ַאי"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-an",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ָן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-us"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ász"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ész"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-lógus"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-maður"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ario"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aria"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-éir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "giocatore m/giocatrice f di followed by the name of the sport",
"sense": "person whose occupation is..."
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-kar"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cı",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чы"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-ci",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чи"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cu",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чу"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "-cü",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чү"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-čin",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-чин"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "-č",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ч"
},
{
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-kâr",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ـکار"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-arz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-arka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-acz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aczka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-czyni"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nik"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niczka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ciel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cielka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-air"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-adair"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-dor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dora"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of instruments",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "for players of sports",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-spelare"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nák...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "นัก..."
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châang...",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "ช่าง..."
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-cü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-çü"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-wraig"
},
{
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "person whose occupation is...",
"word": "-daayn"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "not used in French",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-ű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "-jű"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "not used in Italian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having..."
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-nieks"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-niece"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ak"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(with numbers, measurements or quantified sets) ranked by or having...",
"word": "oní-"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ware",
"pos": "suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\""
},
"expansion": "Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\")",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-wari"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-wari",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz",
"4": "",
"5": "defender, inhabitant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to close, cover, protect, save, defend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning \"inhabitant of\"), from Proto-West Germanic *-wari, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "New York + -er → New Yorker",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "London + -er → Londoner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dublin + -er → Dubliner",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "New England + -er → New Englander",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"links": [
[
"resident",
"resident"
],
[
"inhabitant",
"inhabitant"
],
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a proper noun"
],
"senseid": [
"en:inhabitant"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "island + -er → islander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "highland + -er → highlander",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "eastend + -er → eastender",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix denoting residency in or around a place, district, area, or region."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenB@SideChesthigh-OpenB@SideChesthigh OpenB@SideTrunkhigh-OpenB@SideTrunkhigh",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-cʻi",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ցի"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-era"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ák"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-se"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ano"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "often translated as habitant m/habitante f de followed by the name of the place",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "but some words have specific translations",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of..."
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eira"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-eli",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ელი"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-lakó"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-jin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "人"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "orang"
},
{
"code": "nup",
"lang": "Nupe",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "ـی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ense"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-eiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-enho"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anin",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анин"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-anka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-анка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-each"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-bo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "(used form a demonym) resident or inhabitant of...",
"word": "oní-"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ren"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-re",
"id": "noun plural"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -re",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ru",
"4": "",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ru (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izō",
"pos": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-er",
"3": "",
"pos": "plural ending"
},
"expansion": "German -er (plural ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ren"
},
"expansion": "-ren",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -re, -er, from Old English -ru (plural suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix). Cognate with Dutch -er (plural ending), German -er (plural ending). See also -ren.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "childer, calver, lamber, linder (\"loins\")"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "agentive"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ieur"
},
"expansion": "-ieur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-aris"
},
"expansion": "Latin -aris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-arius"
},
"expansion": "-arius",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-atorium"
},
"expansion": "-atorium",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, representing various noun-suffixes in Old French and Anglo-Norman, variously -er, -ier and -ieur, from Latin -aris, -arius, -atorium. As a productive suffix, now merged with the occupational sense of Etymology 1.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-eer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bottle + -er → butler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Person or thing connected with."
],
"links": [
[
"Person",
"person"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ere",
"id": "comparative"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ra",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iʀō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iʀō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ōʀō"
},
"expansion": "*-ōʀō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōzô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōzô",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "-est",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ere, from Old English -ra, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô (a derivative of Etymology 6, below); related to superlative -est.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hard + -er → harder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wet + -er → wetter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fast + -er → faster",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "strong + -er → stronger",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
],
[
"comparative",
"comparative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "now especially short ones",
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adjectives and adverbs"
],
"senseid": [
"en:comparative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"note": "OpenA@SideChesthigh OpenA@SideNeckhigh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aveli",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ավելի"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-oc'h"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ejší"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ější"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-čí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ší"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "pli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-teros",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-τερος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "-íōn",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ίων"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yori",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "より"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "motto",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "もっと"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ciəng",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "ជាង"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-or"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ari"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "تر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-eder"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "po"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "maj"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"roman": "bóleje",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "бо́лее"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "-ее (-eje) (various suffixes exist)",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-а"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-е"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-are"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"note": "used before the adjective",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mas"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "-gwàa",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-กว่า"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "daha"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "... hơn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "used before the adjective only if polysyllabic",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adjectives",
"word": "mwy"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Old English -or",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -or, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ, Proto-Germanic *-ōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"More; used to form the comparative."
],
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"More",
"more"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to certain adverbs) More; used to form the comparative."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to certain adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-eji"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-ěji"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-mpi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "plus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "máis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-bb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "più"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "po-",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "по-"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-tar",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "تر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "bardziej"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mais"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "used before the adverb",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "mer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "used to form the comparative of adverbs",
"word": "-are"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -eren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ren"
},
"expansion": "-ren",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-rien"
},
"expansion": "-rien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-erian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -erian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-rian"
},
"expansion": "-rian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-rōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-rōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-iʀōn"
},
"expansion": "*-iʀōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-rōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-rōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-izōną"
},
"expansion": "*-izōną",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-erje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -erje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-eren"
},
"expansion": "German -eren",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "-ern",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-re"
},
"expansion": "Danish -re",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -eren, -ren, -rien, from Old English -erian, -rian, from Proto-West Germanic *-rōn, *-iʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *-rōną or *-izōną. Cognate with West Frisian -erje, Dutch -eren, German -eren, -ern, Danish -re, Swedish -ra.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "twitter, clamber, bicker, mutter, wander, flutter, flicker, slither, smother, sputter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"Frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or imitative sound) Frequently; used to form frequentative verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or imitative sound"
],
"senseid": [
"en:verbal frequentative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "used to form frequentative",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-lla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-llä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-g"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "used to form frequentatives",
"word": "-ejar"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er",
"id": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman -er",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old French -er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Anglo-Norman -er, Old French -er, the infinitive verbal ending.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "disclaim + -er → disclaimer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "remit + -er → remitter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misname + -er → misnomer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rebut + -er → rebutter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Instance",
"instance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly law, added to a verb) Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb"
],
"senseid": [
"en:action noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 9,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ere",
"id": "diminutive",
"pos": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ere (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, -ere (diminutive suffix). Compare -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "shive + -er → shiver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slive + -er → sliver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "splint + -er → splinter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to a verb or noun) Used to form diminutives."
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to a verb or noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-zza"
}
],
"etymology_number": 10,
"etymology_text": "Attested in the UK since the 19th century. Originally Rugby School slang. Later adopted by Oxford University and then wider British society.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ers"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English school slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "association + -er → soccer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "football + -er → footer (“association football”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rugby + -er → rugger",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Radcliffe + -er → Radder (“a building at Oxford University”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally school slang) Used to form slang or colloquial equivalents of words."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Oxford"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "used to form slang equivalents",
"word": "-ci"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford \"-er\""
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 11,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Old English -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "-or",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-raz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-raz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -er, from Old English -er, -or, from Proto-Germanic *-raz. Compare -le.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "clive + -er → cliver (“apt to cleave or adhere to, tenacious, expert as seizing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "slip + -er → slipper (“tending to make slip, slippery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wake + -er → waker (“tending to wake, watchful”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action:",
"A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action"
],
"links": [
[
"aptitude",
"aptitude"
],
[
"proneness",
"proneness"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action:"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-le"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Oxford University slang",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"etymology_number": 12,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "兒",
"4": "-兒",
"tr": "-ér"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin -兒／-儿 (-ér)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mandarin -兒／-儿 (-ér).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "verb to adjective",
"word": "-ed"
},
{
"word": "-eer"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of action"
],
"tags": [
"subjective"
],
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-ess"
},
{
"word": "-ress"
},
{
"english": "feminine noun extension form",
"word": "-rix"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "-est"
},
{
"english": "verb to noun",
"word": "-ing"
},
{
"tags": [
"comparative"
],
"word": "more"
},
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Literature"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Li’er said hello to his father.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1979, Women of China, page 44",
"text": "Yue’er began to laugh again and her tears shimmered like dew on a lotus leaf disturbed by a breeze. Then we heard a sound. It was Man’er.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002 [1934], Xiao Hong, “The Field of Life and Death”, in Howard Goldblatt, transl., The Field of Life and Death & Tales of Hulan River, page 32",
"text": "The fish was laid out on the table, but Ping’er had not come back, nor had his father.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014 [1959], Zhong Lihe, “The Little Ridge”, in T. M. McClellan, transl., From the Old Country: Stories and Sketches of China and Taiwan, page 202",
"text": "Ying’er was not yet three years old. Li’er had always been the one to play with her or to carry her places on his back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"Junior",
"junior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chinese literature) Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)"
],
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "-or"
},
{
"homophone": "-a (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us--er.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg/En-us--er.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-us--er.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ər"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.