"-ak" meaning in Polish

See -ak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ak/
Rhymes: -ak Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-akъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-akъ, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*-akъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix|g=m}} -ak m Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-masc-pers|-a|k}}, {{pl-decl-noun-masc-ani|-a|k}}, {{pl-decl-noun-masc-inani|-a|k|a}} Forms: -ak [nominative, singular], -acy [nominative, plural], -aki [derogatory, nominative, plural], -aka [genitive, singular], -aków [genitive, plural], -akowi [dative, singular], -akom [dative, plural], -aka [accusative, singular], -aków [accusative, plural], -akiem [instrumental, singular], -akami [instrumental, plural], -aku [locative, singular], -akach [locative, plural], -aku [singular, vocative], -acy [plural, vocative], -ak [nominative, singular], -aki [nominative, plural], -aka [genitive, singular], -aków [genitive, plural], -akowi [dative, singular], -akom [dative, plural], -aka [accusative, singular], -aki [accusative, plural], -akiem [instrumental, singular], -akami [instrumental, plural], -aku [locative, singular], -akach [locative, plural], -aku [singular, vocative], -aki [plural, vocative], -ak [nominative, singular], -aki [nominative, plural], -aka [genitive, singular], -aków [genitive, plural], -akowi [dative, singular], -akom [dative, plural], -ak [accusative, singular], -aki [accusative, plural], -akiem [instrumental, singular], -akami [instrumental, plural], -aku [locative, singular], -akach [locative, plural], -aku [singular, vocative], -aki [plural, vocative]
  1. used to form demonyms Tags: masculine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ak-pl-suffix-0LgW3xOT Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 27 26 33 13
  2. used to form various nouns, many of them colloquial Tags: masculine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ak-pl-suffix-YXIiZm8v Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 27 26 33 13
  3. used to form names of dances and sports Tags: masculine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--ak-pl-suffix-uu60-0Yn Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 27 26 33 13
  4. used to form diminutives of animals Tags: masculine, morpheme Synonyms: , ątko
    Sense id: en--ak-pl-suffix-rh4IkHfy Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 27 26 33 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms:

Download JSON data for -ak meaning in Polish (6.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-akъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-akъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-akъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-pers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-acy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-acy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-inani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ak m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ak"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-a",
        "2": "k"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-pers"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-a",
        "2": "k"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-a",
        "2": "k",
        "3": "a"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-inani"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-ę"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 33 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Warszawa + -ak → warszawiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Kraków + -ak → krakowiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Poznań + -ak → poznaniak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form demonyms"
      ],
      "id": "en--ak-pl-suffix-0LgW3xOT",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 33 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "spacer + -ak → spacerniak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "miedź + -ak → miedziak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "buzia + -ak → buziak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "prosty + -ak → prostak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "pić + -ak → pijak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form various nouns, many of them colloquial"
      ],
      "id": "en--ak-pl-suffix-YXIiZm8v",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 33 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "szczypiorek + -ak → szczypiorniak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Kujawy + -ak → kujawiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Kraków + -ak → krakowiak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form names of dances and sports"
      ],
      "id": "en--ak-pl-suffix-uu60-0Yn",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 33 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "gęś + -ak → gęsiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "kaczka + -ak → kaczak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form diminutives of animals"
      ],
      "id": "en--ak-pl-suffix-rh4IkHfy",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-ę"
        },
        {
          "word": "ątko"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ak/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ak"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ak"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish masculine suffixes",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ak",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ak/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-akъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-akъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-akъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-akъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-pers",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-acy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-acy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-inani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aków",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-akach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-aki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ak m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ak"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-a",
        "2": "k"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-pers"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-a",
        "2": "k"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-a",
        "2": "k",
        "3": "a"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-inani"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ę"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Warszawa + -ak → warszawiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Kraków + -ak → krakowiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Poznań + -ak → poznaniak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form demonyms"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "spacer + -ak → spacerniak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "miedź + -ak → miedziak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "buzia + -ak → buziak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "prosty + -ak → prostak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "pić + -ak → pijak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form various nouns, many of them colloquial"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "szczypiorek + -ak → szczypiorniak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Kujawy + -ak → kujawiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Kraków + -ak → krakowiak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form names of dances and sports"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "gęś + -ak → gęsiak",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "kaczka + -ak → kaczak",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form diminutives of animals"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-ę"
        },
        {
          "word": "ątko"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ak/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ak"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ak"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.