"-ę" meaning in Polish

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ɛ/
Rhymes: -ɛ Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|inh=1}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-ę|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-ę, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*-ę}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix|g=n}} -ę n Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-n}} Forms: [nominative, singular], -ęta [nominative, plural], -ęcia [genitive, singular], -ąt [genitive, plural], -ęciu [dative, singular], -ętom [dative, plural], [accusative, singular], -ęta [accusative, plural], -ęciem [instrumental, singular], -ętami [instrumental, plural], -ęciu [locative, singular], -ętach [locative, plural], [singular, vocative], -ęta [plural, vocative]
  1. forms neuter nouns, especially referring to young animals or, more rarely, young people Tags: morpheme, neuter
    Sense id: en--ę-pl-suffix-patzOgGT
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /ɛ/
Rhymes: -ɛ Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-ǫ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-ǫ, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*-ǫ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ Head templates: {{head|pl|suffixes}} -ę
  1. forms first person singular of verbs not in Class I or Class II Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ę-pl-suffix-eDaOr4eh Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 17 37 24 23
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

IPA: /ɛ/
Rhymes: -ɛ Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ. Cognate with Latin -am. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-ǫ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-ǫ, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*-ǫ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ, {{cog|la|-am}} Latin -am Head templates: {{head|pl|suffixes}} -ę
  1. forms accusative singular of nouns ending in -a Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ę-pl-suffix-QQFDRZms
  2. (obsolete) forms accusative singular of short form feminine adjectives Tags: morpheme, obsolete
    Sense id: en--ę-pl-suffix-7k3Phag~
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for -ę meaning in Polish (5.0kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ę",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ę",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ę"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęcia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ąt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęciu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ętom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęciem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ętami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęciu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ętach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "-ę n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ę"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bocian + -ę → bocianię",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "chłop + -ę → chłopię",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms neuter nouns, especially referring to young animals or, more rarely, young people"
      ],
      "id": "en--ę-pl-suffix-patzOgGT",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ę"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ę",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ę"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 37 24 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms first person singular of verbs not in Class I or Class II"
      ],
      "id": "en--ę-pl-suffix-eDaOr4eh",
      "links": [
        [
          "Class I",
          "Appendix:Polish language - verb conjugation - Class I#English"
        ],
        [
          "Class II",
          "Appendix:Polish language - verb conjugation - Class II#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ę"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-am"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -am",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ. Cognate with Latin -am.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ę",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ę"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms accusative singular of nouns ending in -a"
      ],
      "id": "en--ę-pl-suffix-QQFDRZms",
      "links": [
        [
          "-a",
          "-a#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "forms accusative singular of short form feminine adjectives"
      ],
      "id": "en--ę-pl-suffix-7k3Phag~",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) forms accusative singular of short form feminine adjectives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ę"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish neuter suffixes",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ę",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ę",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ę"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęcia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ąt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęciu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ętom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęciem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ętami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęciu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ętach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ęta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "-ę n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ę"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bocian + -ę → bocianię",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "chłop + -ę → chłopię",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms neuter nouns, especially referring to young animals or, more rarely, young people"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ę"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ę",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ę"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms first person singular of verbs not in Class I or Class II"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Class I",
          "Appendix:Polish language - verb conjugation - Class I#English"
        ],
        [
          "Class II",
          "Appendix:Polish language - verb conjugation - Class II#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ę"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ǫ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-am"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -am",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ǫ. Cognate with Latin -am.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ę",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ę"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forms accusative singular of nouns ending in -a"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-a",
          "-a#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms accusative singular of short form feminine adjectives"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) forms accusative singular of short form feminine adjectives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ę"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.