"-ere" meaning in Old English

See -ere in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /e.re/
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz. Uncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be from Latin -ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā. Cognate with Old Frisian -ere, Old Saxon -āri, Old High German -āri. Etymology templates: {{etymon|ang|inh|gmw-pro>*-ārī>agent suffix|id=agent suffix}}, {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-ārī}} Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-ārijaz}} Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, {{der|ang|la|-ārius}} Latin -ārius, {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-astrijā}} Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā, {{cog|ofs|-ere}} Old Frisian -ere, {{cog|osx|-āri}} Old Saxon -āri, {{cog|goh|-āri}} Old High German -āri Head templates: {{head|ang|suffix|cat2=|head=|head2=|sort=}} -ere, {{ang-suffix|g=m}} -ere Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-ja-m|-er}}, {{ang-decl-noun|-ere|-eras|-ere|-eras|-eres|-era|-ere|-erum|num=|title=|type=strong ja-stem}} Forms: strong [table-tags], -ere [nominative, singular], -eras [nominative, plural], -ere [accusative, singular], -eras [accusative, plural], -eres [genitive, singular], -era [genitive, plural], -ere [dative, singular], -erum [dative, plural]
  1. masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -a, -end, -re
    Sense id: en--ere-ang-suffix-P-VJqdbZ Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 9 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-er"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -er, -are, -ere\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -er, -are, -ere\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "gmw-pro>*-ārī>agent suffix",
        "id": "agent suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ārī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ārijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ārius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ārius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-astrijā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "-ere"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian -ere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-āri"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -āri",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-āri"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -āri",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.\nUncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be from Latin -ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.\nCognate with Old Frisian -ere, Old Saxon -āri, Old High German -āri.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-ja-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-eras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-eras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-eres",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-era",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-erum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ere",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ere",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-er"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-ja-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ere",
        "2": "-eras",
        "3": "-ere",
        "4": "-eras",
        "5": "-eres",
        "6": "-era",
        "7": "-ere",
        "8": "-erum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ja-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 9 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "dōm (“judgement”) + -ere → dōmere (“judge”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "fugol (“bird”) + -ere → fuglere (“fowler”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--ere-ang-suffix-P-VJqdbZ",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-a"
        },
        {
          "word": "-end"
        },
        {
          "word": "-re"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.re/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ere"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "-er"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: -er, -are, -ere\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: -er, -are, -ere\nEnglish: -er\nScots: -ar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "gmw-pro>*-ārī>agent suffix",
        "id": "agent suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ārī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ārī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ārijaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ārius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ārius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-astrijā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "-ere"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian -ere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "-āri"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -āri",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-āri"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -āri",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.\nUncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be from Latin -ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.\nCognate with Old Frisian -ere, Old Saxon -āri, Old High German -āri.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-ja-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-eras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-eras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-eres",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-era",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-erum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ere",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ere",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-er"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-ja-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ere",
        "2": "-eras",
        "3": "-ere",
        "4": "-eras",
        "5": "-eres",
        "6": "-era",
        "7": "-ere",
        "8": "-erum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ja-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
        "Old English suffixes",
        "Old English terms derived from Latin",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 9 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "dōm (“judgement”) + -ere → dōmere (“judge”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "fugol (“bird”) + -ere → fuglere (“fowler”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-a"
        },
        {
          "word": "-end"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.re/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-re"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ere"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ere meaning in Old English (3.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.