See -le in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -le meaning in English (10.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-elen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -elen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-len"
},
"expansion": "-len",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-lien"
},
"expansion": "-lien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-lian",
"pos": "frequentative verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-lōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-lōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-lōną",
"pos": "frequentative verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-elje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -elje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-elen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -elen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-eln"
},
"expansion": "German -eln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Danish -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-la"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -la",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-la"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -la",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-la"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -la",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -elen, -len, -lien, from Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-lōn, from Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix).\nCognate with West Frisian -elje, Dutch -elen, German -eln, Danish -le, Norwegian Bokmål -le, Norwegian Nynorsk -la, Swedish -la, Icelandic -la. Compare -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "assle, buzzle, crackle, cuddle, dazzle, draggle, drawl, dribble, drizzle, fumble, gamble, grapple, handle, jostle, kissle, maddle, mingle, nestle, nuzzle, prattle, ramble, rattle, ripple, scribble, sile, sizzle, smartle, sniffle, snuggle, startle, stopple, suckle, tattle, tickle, topple, waggle, whemmle, wiggle, wrestle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness:",
"A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness"
],
"id": "en--le-en-suffix-en:verbal_frequentative",
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative"
],
[
"repetition",
"repetition"
],
[
"continuousness",
"continuousness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness:"
],
"senseid": [
"en:verbal frequentative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "frequentative suffix",
"word": "-ejar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "frequentative suffix",
"word": "-ear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "frequentative suffix",
"word": "-la"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̩/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"word": "-le"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-le",
"pos": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "-le (adjectival)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ol"
},
"expansion": "-ol",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ulaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ulaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz",
"id": "adjectival",
"pos": "adjective suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz (adjective suffixes)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Low German -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "German -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ill",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -el, -le (adjectival), from Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz and *-ilaz (adjective suffixes). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el, Icelandic -ill.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "battle, breakle, brittle, fickle, forgettle, little, newfangle, nimble, wankle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of \"prone to\", \"tending to\", \"apt to\", \"capable of\"; compare -ative:",
"Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of \"prone to\", \"tending to\", \"apt to\", \"capable of\"; compare -ative"
],
"id": "en--le-en-suffix-en:adjectival",
"links": [
[
"prone to",
"prone"
],
[
"tending to",
"tend"
],
[
"apt to",
"apt"
],
[
"capable of",
"capable"
],
[
"-ative",
"-ative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of \"prone to\", \"tending to\", \"apt to\", \"capable of\"; compare -ative:"
],
"senseid": [
"en:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̩/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"word": "-le"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dottle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "piffle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-lós"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-el",
"id": "agentive",
"pos": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -el (agent suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-il",
"pos": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-il (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "(diminutive suffix)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ol"
},
"expansion": "-ol",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ul",
"pos": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ul (agent suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "(agent suffix)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Low German -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "German -el",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -el (agent suffix), from a combination of two suffixes:\n* Old English -el, -il (diminutive suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (diminutive suffix).\n* Old English -el, -ol, -ul (agent suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent suffix). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: -ling"
},
{
"text": "dump + -le → dimple",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dung + -le → dingle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hatch + -le → hatchel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hose + -le → hosel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "howf + -le → hovel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gome + -le → gomeral",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "corn + -le → kernel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "new + -le → newel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nose + -le → nozzle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "puck + -le → puckle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "turd + -le → treddle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutives from other nouns."
],
"id": "en--le-en-suffix-en:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 15 18 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 18 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 18 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "beadle, beetle, bridle, bundle, cripple, fettle, girdle, ladle, losel, runnel, shovel, spindle, spittle, steeple, stile, stopple, thimble, tool, towel, trundle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming agent nouns from verbs:",
"Forming agent nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--le-en-suffix-7IdK6wxT",
"links": [
[
"agent",
"agent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forming agent nouns from verbs:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̩/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"word": "-le"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English diminutive suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-lós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with redundant sortkeys",
"English unproductive suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-elen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -elen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-len"
},
"expansion": "-len",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-lien"
},
"expansion": "-lien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-lian",
"pos": "frequentative verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-lōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-lōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-lōną",
"pos": "frequentative verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-elje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -elje",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-elen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -elen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-eln"
},
"expansion": "German -eln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Danish -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-la"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -la",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-la"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -la",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-la"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -la",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -elen, -len, -lien, from Old English -lian (frequentative verbal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-lōn, from Proto-Germanic *-lōną (frequentative verbal suffix).\nCognate with West Frisian -elje, Dutch -elen, German -eln, Danish -le, Norwegian Bokmål -le, Norwegian Nynorsk -la, Swedish -la, Icelandic -la. Compare -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "assle, buzzle, crackle, cuddle, dazzle, draggle, drawl, dribble, drizzle, fumble, gamble, grapple, handle, jostle, kissle, maddle, mingle, nestle, nuzzle, prattle, ramble, rattle, ripple, scribble, sile, sizzle, smartle, sniffle, snuggle, startle, stopple, suckle, tattle, tickle, topple, waggle, whemmle, wiggle, wrestle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness:",
"A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness"
],
"links": [
[
"frequentative",
"frequentative"
],
[
"repetition",
"repetition"
],
[
"continuousness",
"continuousness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness:"
],
"senseid": [
"en:verbal frequentative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̩/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-el"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "frequentative suffix",
"word": "-ejar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "frequentative suffix",
"word": "-ear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "frequentative suffix",
"word": "-la"
}
],
"word": "-le"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English diminutive suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-lós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with redundant sortkeys",
"English unproductive suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-le",
"pos": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "-le (adjectival)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ol"
},
"expansion": "-ol",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ulaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ulaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz",
"id": "adjectival",
"pos": "adjective suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz (adjective suffixes)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Low German -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "German -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-ill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -ill",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -el, -le (adjectival), from Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz and *-ilaz (adjective suffixes). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el, Icelandic -ill.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "battle, breakle, brittle, fickle, forgettle, little, newfangle, nimble, wankle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of \"prone to\", \"tending to\", \"apt to\", \"capable of\"; compare -ative:",
"Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of \"prone to\", \"tending to\", \"apt to\", \"capable of\"; compare -ative"
],
"links": [
[
"prone to",
"prone"
],
[
"tending to",
"tend"
],
[
"apt to",
"apt"
],
[
"capable of",
"capable"
],
[
"-ative",
"-ative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forming adjectives from verbs with the meaning of \"prone to\", \"tending to\", \"apt to\", \"capable of\"; compare -ative:"
],
"senseid": [
"en:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̩/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-el"
}
],
"word": "-le"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English diminutive suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-lós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with redundant sortkeys",
"English unproductive suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dottle"
},
{
"word": "piffle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-lós"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-el",
"id": "agentive",
"pos": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -el (agent suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-il",
"pos": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "-il (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "(diminutive suffix)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old English -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ol"
},
"expansion": "-ol",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ul",
"pos": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ul (agent suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "(agent suffix)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Low German -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "German -el",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -el (agent suffix), from a combination of two suffixes:\n* Old English -el, -il (diminutive suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (diminutive suffix).\n* Old English -el, -ol, -ul (agent suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent suffix). Cognate with West Frisian -el, Dutch -el, Low German -el, German -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-le",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: -ling"
},
{
"text": "dump + -le → dimple",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dung + -le → dingle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hatch + -le → hatchel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hose + -le → hosel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "howf + -le → hovel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gome + -le → gomeral",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "corn + -le → kernel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "new + -le → newel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nose + -le → nozzle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "puck + -le → puckle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "turd + -le → treddle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutives from other nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "beadle, beetle, bridle, bundle, cripple, fettle, girdle, ladle, losel, runnel, shovel, spindle, spittle, steeple, stile, stopple, thimble, tool, towel, trundle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming agent nouns from verbs:",
"Forming agent nouns from verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"agent",
"agent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forming agent nouns from verbs:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̩/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-el"
}
],
"word": "-le"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.