See -kin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-kin<ety:inh<ang:cynn<alt:cynna>>>",
"id": "kind",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-West Germanic *kuni\nOld English cynna\nMiddle English -kin\nEnglish -kin\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kunją\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kuni\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cynn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-kin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-kin\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"kind\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-kin\" id=\"English:_kind\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"2": "enm",
"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynna"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-West Germanic *kuni\nOld English cynna\nMiddle English -kin\nEnglish -kin\nFrom Middle English -kin, -kinne, -kunne, from Old English cynna, the genitive plural of cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), used in compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kin",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "-kin (adjective-forming suffix, not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
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},
"expansion": "-kin (noun-forming suffix, plural -kin)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alkin"
},
{
"text": "Dutchkin"
},
{
"text": "ilkin"
},
{
"text": "weirdkin"
},
{
"text": "whatkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--kin-en-suffix-V-eKGdnq",
"links": [
[
"-like",
"-like#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"tags": [
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"morpheme",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
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},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "otakukin"
},
{
"text": "otherkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--kin-en-suffix-tSHzS2Yj",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"sort",
"sort"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural -kin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural -kin) Used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ca"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ca",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-oc"
},
"expansion": "Old English -oc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -kin, -ken (also as -ke, -k), perhaps from Old English -ca, but more likely from Middle Dutch -ken (compare cognate Middle English -chen, -chin, from Old English -ċen), apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk (> Old English -oc) + *-īn (compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen. More at -ock, -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-kin (noun-forming suffix, plural -kins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 33 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 13 21 0 8 22 2 2 26",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 20 0 8 26 1 1 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 33 65",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Otherkin",
"orig": "en:Otherkin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"id": "en--kin-en-suffix-en:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutives",
"diminutives"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now archaic) Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"related": [
{
"english": "from Middle English Jankin",
"translation": "from Middle English Jankin",
"word": "Jack"
},
{
"word": "mannikin"
},
{
"word": "mannequin"
},
{
"word": "ramekin"
},
{
"word": "ramequin"
},
{
"word": "-kins"
},
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "suffixes",
"translation": "suffixes",
"word": "-cule"
},
{
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-el"
},
{
"word": "-et"
},
{
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"word": "-icle"
},
{
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-let"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
},
{
"word": "-ole"
},
{
"word": "-ule"
},
{
"word": "-y"
},
{
"english": "prefixes",
"translation": "prefixes",
"word": "mini-"
},
{
"word": "micro-"
},
{
"word": "nano-"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
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"English countable nouns",
"English diminutive suffixes",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"en:Otherkin"
],
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},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-West Germanic *kuni\nOld English cynna\nMiddle English -kin\nEnglish -kin\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kunją\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kuni\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cynn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-kin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-kin\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"kind\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-kin\" id=\"English:_kind\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynna"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-West Germanic *kuni\nOld English cynna\nMiddle English -kin\nEnglish -kin\nFrom Middle English -kin, -kinne, -kunne, from Old English cynna, the genitive plural of cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), used in compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kin",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "-kin (adjective-forming suffix, not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*"
},
"expansion": "-kin (noun-forming suffix, plural -kin)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alkin"
},
{
"text": "Dutchkin"
},
{
"text": "ilkin"
},
{
"text": "weirdkin"
},
{
"text": "whatkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"-like",
"-like#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "otakukin"
},
{
"text": "otherkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"sort",
"sort"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural -kin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural -kin) Used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English diminutive suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Otherkin"
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"name": "etymid"
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{
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"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ca"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ca",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-oc"
},
"expansion": "Old English -oc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -kin, -ken (also as -ke, -k), perhaps from Old English -ca, but more likely from Middle Dutch -ken (compare cognate Middle English -chen, -chin, from Old English -ċen), apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk (> Old English -oc) + *-īn (compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen. More at -ock, -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-kin (noun-forming suffix, plural -kins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "from Middle English Jankin",
"translation": "from Middle English Jankin",
"word": "Jack"
},
{
"word": "mannikin"
},
{
"word": "mannequin"
},
{
"word": "ramekin"
},
{
"word": "ramequin"
},
{
"word": "-kins"
},
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutives",
"diminutives"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now archaic) Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "suffixes",
"translation": "suffixes",
"word": "-cule"
},
{
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-el"
},
{
"word": "-et"
},
{
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"word": "-icle"
},
{
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-let"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
},
{
"word": "-ole"
},
{
"word": "-ule"
},
{
"word": "-y"
},
{
"english": "prefixes",
"translation": "prefixes",
"word": "mini-"
},
{
"word": "micro-"
},
{
"word": "nano-"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -kin meaning in English (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-kin"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-kin",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-kin"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-kin",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-kin"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-kin",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.