See -y in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “form “having quality of” adjectives”",
"word": "-less"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-y<id:adjectives>",
"id": "quality of",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -y",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-iġ",
"4": "",
"5": "-y, -ic",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-g"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-g",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īgaz",
"4": "",
"5": "-y, -ic"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ie",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Scots -ie (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ich",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -ich (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ig (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ig (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "German -ig (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ig (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐌲𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-icus",
"3": "",
"4": "-y, -ic"
},
"expansion": "Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-इक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -इक (-ika)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ac",
"3": "-ic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ac and -ic",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nFrom Middle English -y, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”).\nCognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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{
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{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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{
"_dis": "34 12 30 24",
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"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
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{
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mess + -y → messy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mouse + -y → mousy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "blue + -y → bluey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clay + -y → clayey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tree + -y → treey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hole + -y → holey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sponge + -y → spongy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cake + -y → caky",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dice + -y → dicey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "guts + -y → gutsy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
13
],
[
68,
69
]
],
"ref": "2003, Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, Macmillan, →ISBN:",
"text": "Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:adjectival",
"senseid": [
"en:adjectival"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ial"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ly"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ous"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-esque"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-like"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-ly"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-oid"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "-しつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-shitsu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-質"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "-じょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-jou",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-状"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "mitai",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-みたい"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "ような",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "youna",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-様な"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-ari",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-有り"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-tsuki",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-付き"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-î"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-în"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-osus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-owy"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ny"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ij",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ый"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ivyj",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ивый"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-ika",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-इक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-in",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-इन्"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iento"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iego"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-aktig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "ma-"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "-āṉa",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ஆன"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 15 31 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
"_dis": "34 12 30 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 13 29 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "run + -y → runny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "panic + -y → panicky",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twiddle + -y → twiddly",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning \"inclined to\"."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-Hotl73Fd",
"links": [
[
"incline",
"incline#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-va"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-vä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "inclined to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ok"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-liwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ij",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ий"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ый"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ivyj",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ивый"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-iento"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ий"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--y.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-y"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Scots -ie",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-iġ",
"pos": "diminutive suffix",
"t": "-ie, -y"
},
"expansion": "Old English -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ij-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ij-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-je"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -je",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-je"
},
"expansion": "Low German -je",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "English -kin",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "German -i",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English -en",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Scots -ie, being inherited directly from the same source Middle English -ie, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *-ij-, *-j- (diminutive suffix).\nNot related with Dutch -je, -ie, regional Low German -je, which are from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn (English -kin as in lambkin), nor with German -i, which is from Proto-West Germanic *-īn (English -en as in maiden). The vowel /i/ has an onomatopoeic quality to it, which may reinforce its occurrence in diminutives.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gran(nam) + -y → granny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pin(afore) + -y → pinny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(s)tom(ach) + -y → tummy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutive nouns."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-իկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-uk",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ուկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ak",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ín"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ina"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-et"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eta"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zǐ",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "子"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "ér",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "兒 /儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-etje"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-pje"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ke"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-che"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-kijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-et-"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-et"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ine"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-iño"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-chen"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-lein"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-erl"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "-ón",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־ון"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "-ít",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "־ית"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ke"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-etto"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-etta"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ín"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-etto"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-etta"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ina"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ik"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ok"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-eken"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-illo"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ek"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-inho"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uț"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aș"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-el"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ușor"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uleț"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-uță"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iță"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ică"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ioară"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ик"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ok",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ок"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ek",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ек"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-jók",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ёк"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ko",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ко"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ce",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-це"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-co",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-цо"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ito"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ita"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iño"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iña"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ica"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-uela"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-illo"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-illa"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ina"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ucho"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ucha"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ete"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eta"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uco"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-uca"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iello"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ulla"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ejo"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eja"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cık"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cik"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cük"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çık"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çik"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çük"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cak"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cağız"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ceğiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-cyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 8 5 11 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-os"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 2 22 7 3 7 19 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 6 20 7 4 6 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 5 20 6 3 6 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 10 32 9 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 7 7 21 7 5 6 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 6 6 17 6 8 5 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 10 31 9 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 5 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 9 8 33 11 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 3 24 7 2 5 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 7 19 7 6 6 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 7 7 23 7 5 6 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 6 6 22 7 4 6 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 7 5 22 7 3 5 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 7 6 23 7 5 6 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 30 9 7 7 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 48 14 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 53 15 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 27 9 6 8 20 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 45 15 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 52 15 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 14 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 73 9 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 53 16 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 48 14 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Mansi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 50 15 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 45 14 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "And(rew) + -y → Andy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bill + -y → Billy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "John + -y → Johnny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Jones + -y → Jonesy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "love + -y → lovey",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:familiar",
"senseid": [
"en:familiar"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 69 1 10 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "chan",
"sense": "forming familiar names",
"word": "ちゃん"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 69 1 10 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming familiar names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ś"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Added for metrical reasons to songs, often in children's music where it may carry diminutive associations."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:music",
"links": [
[
"metrical",
"metrical#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:music"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bald + -y → baldy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dum(b) + -y → dummy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "right + -y → righty",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns relative to an adjective."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:nominalizer",
"senseid": [
"en:nominalizer"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alright + -y → alrighty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oops + -y → oopsy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "right + -y → righty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wake + -y → wakey",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming colloquial interjections or phrases."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:colloquial",
"senseid": [
"en:colloquial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--y.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "mini-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "micro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "nano-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-icle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-cule"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ule"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ole"
}
],
"word": "-y"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-y<id:abstract nouns>",
"id": "abstract nouns",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ieder.\nMiddle English -ie\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -y",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ίᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ei"
},
"expansion": "German -ei",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ij"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ij",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ieder.\nMiddle English -ie\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nFrom Middle English -y, -ie, -ee, -e, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French -ie and -é, from Latin -ia, -ium, -tās, Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ειᾰ (-eiă), -ιον (-ion).\nCognate (as far as Latin -ia is involved) with German -ei and Dutch -ij.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 15 31 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 2 22 7 3 7 19 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 6 20 7 4 6 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 5 20 6 3 6 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 14 31 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 12 30 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 6 6 17 6 8 5 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 5 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 3 24 7 2 5 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 7 19 7 6 6 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 7 5 22 7 3 5 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 13 29 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "modest + -y → modesty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "honest + -y → honesty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "-nym + -y → -nymy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "as in toponym + -y → toponymy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "-logue + -y → -logy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "as in analogue + -y → analogy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state."
],
"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:abstract_noun",
"links": [
[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#Noun"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:abstract noun"
],
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"morpheme"
],
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{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-utʻyun",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-heid"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-nis"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-uus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-yys"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dade"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "si- -e",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "სი- -ე"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-heit"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-keit"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-nis"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ság"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ség"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-à"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-î"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-yî"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tî"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ium"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tas"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ość"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-stwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-idade"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ime"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-itate"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-enie"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tad"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-dad"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-io"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tud"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-edumbre"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-het"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-dom"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-skap"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-else"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 15 31 23",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "17 7 7 20 7 6 6 16 14",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 12 30 24",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"_dis": "19 7 19 56",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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],
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{
"text": "Italy, Germany, Saxony, Hungary, Sicily, Lombardy, Tuscany, Albany, Brittany, Gascony, Burgundy, Picardy, Normandy, Romandy, Savoy, Muscovy, Tartary, Arcady, Thessaly, Troy, Turkey."
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],
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"id": "en--y-en-suffix-en:location",
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[
"-ia",
"-ia#Latin"
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],
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{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
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"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
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"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "-ия"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "-ía"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "-ia"
}
]
}
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"expansion": "Middle English -y",
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{
"args": {
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -y, -ie, for earlier -ien, from the Old English weak class 2 infinitival suffix -ian, -iġan, by syncope from earlier *-ōjan, North Sea Germanic form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną; reinforced by the suffix -ian, -ġan in Old English verbs of weak class 1 with roots ending in -r (and the exceptional strong class 6 verb swerian). Compare -en (infinitive ending).",
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{
"form": "-ey",
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{
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{
"form": "-i-",
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},
{
"form": "-e",
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},
{
"form": "-ey",
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},
{
"form": "-ie",
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},
{
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"text": "But thee, thee wut ruckee, and ſquattee, and doatee in the chimly coander lick an axwaddle; and wi’ the zame tha wut rakee up, and gookee, and tell doil, tell dildrams and buckingham jenkins.",
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"ref": "2008 March 18 [c. 1955], Suzanne Wagner, “English dialects in the Southwest: morphology and syntax”, in Bernd Kortmann, Clive Upton, editors, Varieties of English, volume 1: The British Isles, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, page 432:",
"text": "d. wiː də ˈbɽɪŋ æʊɽ ˈʃiːp ɪn l̴ami / ‘We bring our sheep in (to) lamb.’ (36 Co 6, book I)",
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}
],
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],
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(West Country, obsolete) Denotes the infinitive of verbs when used intransitively."
],
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}
],
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"word": "-y"
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{
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"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
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{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "-y, -ic"
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-kos"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ie",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
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"expansion": "Scots -ie (“-y”)",
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{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
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"expansion": "West Frisian -ich (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Dutch -ig (“-y”)",
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{
"args": {
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"3": "",
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"expansion": "Low German -ig (“-y”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
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},
"expansion": "German -ig (“-y”)",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
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"expansion": "Swedish -ig (“-y”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐌲𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
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"expansion": "Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-icus",
"3": "",
"4": "-y, -ic"
},
"expansion": "Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-इक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -इक (-ika)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ac",
"3": "-ic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ac and -ic",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nFrom Middle English -y, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”).\nCognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mess + -y → messy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mouse + -y → mousy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "blue + -y → bluey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clay + -y → clayey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tree + -y → treey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hole + -y → holey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sponge + -y → spongy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cake + -y → caky",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dice + -y → dicey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "guts + -y → gutsy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
13
],
[
68,
69
]
],
"ref": "2003, Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, Macmillan, →ISBN:",
"text": "Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”."
],
"senseid": [
"en:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "run + -y → runny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "panic + -y → panicky",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twiddle + -y → twiddly",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning \"inclined to\"."
],
"links": [
[
"incline",
"incline#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--y.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ial"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ly"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”",
"word": "-ous"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-esque"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-like"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-ly"
},
{
"sense": "form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”",
"word": "-oid"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-osu"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-inen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-osa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"alt": "-しつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-shitsu",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-質"
},
{
"alt": "-じょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-jou",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-状"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "mitai",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-みたい"
},
{
"alt": "ような",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "youna",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-様な"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-ari",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-有り"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-tsuki",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-付き"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-î"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-în"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-osus"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-owy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ij",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ivyj",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ивый"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-ika",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-इक"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-in",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-इन्"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iego"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-aktig"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "ma-"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "-āṉa",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ஆன"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "having the quality of",
"word": "-ий"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-va"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-vä"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "inclined to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ok"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-liwy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ij",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ivyj",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ивый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-iento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "inclined to",
"word": "-ий"
}
],
"word": "-y"
}
{
"categories": [
"English diminutive suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Northern Mansi translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Middle Low German translations",
"Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Mansi translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Scots -ie",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-iġ",
"pos": "diminutive suffix",
"t": "-ie, -y"
},
"expansion": "Old English -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ij-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ij-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-je"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -je",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-je"
},
"expansion": "Low German -je",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "English -kin",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "German -i",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English -en",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Scots -ie, being inherited directly from the same source Middle English -ie, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *-ij-, *-j- (diminutive suffix).\nNot related with Dutch -je, -ie, regional Low German -je, which are from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn (English -kin as in lambkin), nor with German -i, which is from Proto-West Germanic *-īn (English -en as in maiden). The vowel /i/ has an onomatopoeic quality to it, which may reinforce its occurrence in diminutives.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gran(nam) + -y → granny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pin(afore) + -y → pinny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(s)tom(ach) + -y → tummy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutive nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "And(rew) + -y → Andy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bill + -y → Billy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "John + -y → Johnny",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Jones + -y → Jonesy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "love + -y → lovey",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment."
],
"senseid": [
"en:familiar"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Added for metrical reasons to songs, often in children's music where it may carry diminutive associations."
],
"links": [
[
"metrical",
"metrical#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:music"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bald + -y → baldy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dum(b) + -y → dummy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "right + -y → righty",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns relative to an adjective."
],
"senseid": [
"en:nominalizer"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alright + -y → alrighty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oops + -y → oopsy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "right + -y → righty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wake + -y → wakey",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming colloquial interjections or phrases."
],
"senseid": [
"en:colloquial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--y.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "mini-"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "micro-"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "nano-"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-icle"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-cule"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ule"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "-ole"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-իկ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-uk",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ուկ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ak",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ակ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ín"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ina"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-et"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eta"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zǐ",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "子"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "ér",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "兒 /儿"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-etje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-pje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ke"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-che"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-kijn"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-et-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-et"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-in"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ine"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-iño"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-chen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-lein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-erl"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "-ón",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־ון"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "-ít",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "־ית"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ke"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-etto"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-etta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ín"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-etto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-etta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ina"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ik"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ok"
},
{
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-eken"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-illo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ek"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-inho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uț"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aș"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-el"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ușor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uleț"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-uță"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iță"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ică"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ioară"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ik",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ok",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ок"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ek",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ек"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-jók",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ёк"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ko",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ко"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ce",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-це"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-co",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-цо"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ito"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ita"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iño"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iña"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-uela"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-illo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-illa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ino"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ucho"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ucha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ete"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-uco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-uca"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iello"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-illa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ullo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ulla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ejo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-eja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cık"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cuk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cük"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çık"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çuk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-çük"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-cağız"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"word": "-ceğiz"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-cyn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "chan",
"sense": "forming familiar names",
"word": "ちゃん"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming familiar names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ś"
}
],
"word": "-y"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-y<id:abstract nouns>",
"id": "abstract nouns",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ieder.\nMiddle English -ie\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -y",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ίᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ei"
},
"expansion": "German -ei",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ij"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ij",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ieder.\nMiddle English -ie\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nFrom Middle English -y, -ie, -ee, -e, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French -ie and -é, from Latin -ia, -ium, -tās, Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ειᾰ (-eiă), -ιον (-ion).\nCognate (as far as Latin -ia is involved) with German -ei and Dutch -ij.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "modest + -y → modesty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "honest + -y → honesty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "-nym + -y → -nymy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "as in toponym + -y → toponymy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "-logue + -y → -logy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "as in analogue + -y → analogy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state."
],
"links": [
[
"abstract noun",
"abstract noun#English"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#Noun"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Italy, Germany, Saxony, Hungary, Sicily, Lombardy, Tuscany, Albany, Brittany, Gascony, Burgundy, Picardy, Normandy, Romandy, Savoy, Muscovy, Tartary, Arcady, Thessaly, Troy, Turkey."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in the name of some locations which end in -ia in Latin."
],
"links": [
[
"-ia",
"-ia#Latin"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:location"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--y.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-utʻyun",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ություն"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-heid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-nis"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-uus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-yys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-é"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-dade"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "si- -e",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "სი- -ე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-heit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-keit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-nis"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ság"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ség"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-à"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-î"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-yî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tî"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ium"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tas"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ość"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-stwo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-idade"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ime"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-itate"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-enie"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tad"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-dad"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-io"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-tud"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-edumbre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-het"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-dom"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-skap"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"word": "-else"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yj",
"sense": "forming abstract nouns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ий"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ija",
"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ия"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ía"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ia"
}
],
"word": "-y"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-y",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "infinitival",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -y",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-y",
"id": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -y",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English -y, -ie, for earlier -ien, from the Old English weak class 2 infinitival suffix -ian, -iġan, by syncope from earlier *-ōjan, North Sea Germanic form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną; reinforced by the suffix -ian, -ġan in Old English verbs of weak class 1 with roots ending in -r (and the exceptional strong class 6 verb swerian). Compare -en (infinitive ending).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-y",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English obsolete terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"West Country English"
],
"examples": [
{
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37,
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],
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120,
122
],
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135,
137
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],
"ref": "June 1746, “An Exmoor Scolding”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 16, London: Edward Cave, page 354:",
"text": "But thee, thee wut ruckee, and ſquattee, and doatee in the chimly coander lick an axwaddle; and wi’ the zame tha wut rakee up, and gookee, and tell doil, tell dildrams and buckingham jenkins.",
"type": "quote"
},
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87,
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"ref": "1886, Frederic Thomas Elworthy, “Gig, Gig-mill”, in The West Somerset Word-Book, volume 1, London: Trübner & Co., page 284:",
"text": "Where's your Tom now? Au! he do worky down to factory— he've a-workèd to the gig's two year",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "2008 March 18 [c. 1955], Suzanne Wagner, “English dialects in the Southwest: morphology and syntax”, in Bernd Kortmann, Clive Upton, editors, Varieties of English, volume 1: The British Isles, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, page 432:",
"text": "d. wiː də ˈbɽɪŋ æʊɽ ˈʃiːp ɪn l̴ami / ‘We bring our sheep in (to) lamb.’ (36 Co 6, book I)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the infinitive of verbs when used intransitively."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Country, obsolete) Denotes the infinitive of verbs when used intransitively."
],
"tags": [
"West-Country",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--y.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"North Sea Germanic",
"Old English"
],
"word": "-y"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -y meaning in English (48.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-01 using wiktextract (2c28785 and a050b89). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.