See -ish in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-isċ",
"pos": "suffix",
"t": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Old English -isċ (“-ish”, suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz",
"t": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-s",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -s",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "German -isch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -isch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-isk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -isk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-iškas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -iškas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ский"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ский (-skij)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-esque",
"3": "-ski"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -esque and -ski",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inh",
"3": "enm>-ish>adjective",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ish, -isch, from Old English -isċ (“-ish”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.\nCognate with Dutch -s; German -isch (whence Dutch -isch); Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish -isk or -sk; Lithuanian -iškas; Russian -ский (-skij); and the Ancient Greek diminutive suffix -ίσκος (-ískos). Doublet of -esque and -ski.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 8 0 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 15 0 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 7 0 23 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English positive polarity items",
"parents": [
"Positive polarity items",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 10 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 0 17 30 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 3 0 12 35 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 14 0 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 23 0 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 13 0 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 12 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 11 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 22 0 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 12 0 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 18 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 11 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 15 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 23 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 0 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 9 0 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 9 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 25 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 16 0 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 0 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 9 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 16 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 15 0 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 9 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 11 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her face had a girlish charm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Harriet Parr (as Holme Lee), Against Wind and Tide, volume 1, p. 273",
"text": "[…] ; for she had recently developed a magpie[-]ish tendency to appropriate and conceal trifling matters; […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Typical of, similar to, being like."
],
"id": "en--ish-en-suffix-YbiFzcKE",
"links": [
[
"Typical",
"typical"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from common nouns) Typical of, similar to, being like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from common nouns"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "quasi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "para-"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-oid"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-form"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-iform"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-esque"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-ly"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 0 9",
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 0 9",
"sense": "being like; restricted to casual registers",
"word": "-ass"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 10 0 9",
"sense": "being like; forms adjectives from nouns only",
"word": "-like"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ëz"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-achtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-haft"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ikós",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-dad"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ded"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ica"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ppoi",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "っぽい"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-aktig"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-iczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-yczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-esc"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-iu"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-iento"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-aktig"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ça"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ce"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-çe"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 23 0 17",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-aidd"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-avun",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ավուն"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-sov"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-xka"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-achtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-hko"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-hkö"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "fr",
"english": "mostly colours",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-âtre"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "assez"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mo- -o",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "მო- -ო"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sā",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "सा"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "ga",
"english": "colours",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "scoth-"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-okas"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-awy"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-iu"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "ro",
"english": "mostly colors",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ui"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-vátyj",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ва́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-imsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-imtrak"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 21 0 19",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-aidd"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ot",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-ոտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "rond"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "environ"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "à peu près"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aine"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-ode",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-ოდე"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "um ... herum"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "ca."
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "körül"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "nagyjából"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-nyi"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "około"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "koło"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 14 0 19",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-lerde, -larda"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-iyy",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isk"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-sk"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-esisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-skur"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ois"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-oise"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ais"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-aise"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ain"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-aine"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-és"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-eli",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "-isks",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-beli"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-skur"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "gv",
"english": "nationality",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"place"
],
"topics": [
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "-agh"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-sk"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-iskr"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-eses"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-esas"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-esc"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isi"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-isa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-isi"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-otu"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ota"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-oti"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-anu"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ana"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-ani"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-itanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-itana"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-itani"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-és"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 18 0 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isk"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
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"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
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"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
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"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 23 0 37",
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"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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{
"_dis": "49 12 0 39",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
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{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
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{
"_dis": "48 11 0 41",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 22 0 35",
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"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 12 0 40",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 18 0 39",
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"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 15 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 23 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
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"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 0 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 25 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 16 0 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 0 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 16 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 15 0 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 11 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her face had a bluish tinge.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:",
"text": "By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Somewhat, rather."
],
"id": "en--ish-en-suffix-lN0mkZuO",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive"
],
[
"Somewhat",
"somewhat"
],
[
"rather",
"rather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from adjectives, with a diminutive force) Somewhat, rather."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from adjectives",
"with a diminutive force"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "10 70 12 8",
"word": "ish"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We arrived at tennish. We arrived tennish. ― We arrived sometime around ten.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I couldn't tell his precise age, but he looked fiftyish.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"About, approximately."
],
"id": "en--ish-en-suffix-nn5Xt2um",
"links": [
[
"About",
"about"
],
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from numbers, especially of times and ages) About, approximately."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from numbers",
"of times and ages"
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 8 0 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 7 0 23 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English positive polarity items",
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"Positive polarity items",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "34 5 0 17 30 10 3",
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"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "40 3 0 12 35 7 2",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 23 0 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 12 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 11 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 22 0 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 12 0 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 18 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 15 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 23 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 15 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 17 0 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 9 0 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 9 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 25 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 16 0 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 0 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 15 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 9 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 16 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 15 0 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 11 0 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "British, Cornish, Danish, English, Finnish, Irish, Jewish, Kentish, Polish, Scottish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish etc.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something)."
],
"id": "en--ish-en-suffix-XPSBZevb",
"links": [
[
"nationality",
"nationality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions) Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--ish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us--ish.ogg/En-us--ish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us--ish.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ish"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ishen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ishen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-iss-"
},
"expansion": "Old French -iss-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēscere"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēscere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ishen, -ischen, -issen, from Old French -iss-, -is- (a termination of the stem of some forms [present participle, etc.] of certain verbs), from Latin -ēscere, -īscere (an inchoative suffix), the formative -esc-, -isc- (-sc-, Greek -σκ- (-sk-)) being ultimately cognate with English -ish (Etymology 1). See -esce, -escent, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 8 0 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 7 0 23 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English positive polarity items",
"parents": [
"Positive polarity items",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 0 17 30 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 3 0 12 35 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ending found on some verbs; see usage notes."
],
"id": "en--ish-en-suffix-o6SI0Ev9",
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) An ending found on some verbs; see usage notes."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "abolish"
},
{
"word": "accomplish"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English positive polarity items",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-isċ",
"pos": "suffix",
"t": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Old English -isċ (“-ish”, suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz",
"t": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-s",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -s",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "German -isch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -isch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-isk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -isk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-iškas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -iškas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ский"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ский (-skij)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-esque",
"3": "-ski"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -esque and -ski",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inh",
"3": "enm>-ish>adjective",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ish, -isch, from Old English -isċ (“-ish”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.\nCognate with Dutch -s; German -isch (whence Dutch -isch); Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish -isk or -sk; Lithuanian -iškas; Russian -ский (-skij); and the Ancient Greek diminutive suffix -ίσκος (-ískos). Doublet of -esque and -ski.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her face had a girlish charm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Harriet Parr (as Holme Lee), Against Wind and Tide, volume 1, p. 273",
"text": "[…] ; for she had recently developed a magpie[-]ish tendency to appropriate and conceal trifling matters; […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Typical of, similar to, being like."
],
"links": [
[
"Typical",
"typical"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from common nouns) Typical of, similar to, being like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from common nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her face had a bluish tinge.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:",
"text": "By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Somewhat, rather."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive"
],
[
"Somewhat",
"somewhat"
],
[
"rather",
"rather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from adjectives, with a diminutive force) Somewhat, rather."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from adjectives",
"with a diminutive force"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We arrived at tennish. We arrived tennish. ― We arrived sometime around ten.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I couldn't tell his precise age, but he looked fiftyish.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"About, approximately."
],
"links": [
[
"About",
"about"
],
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from numbers, especially of times and ages) About, approximately."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from numbers",
"of times and ages"
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "British, Cornish, Danish, English, Finnish, Irish, Jewish, Kentish, Polish, Scottish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish etc.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something)."
],
"links": [
[
"nationality",
"nationality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions) Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us--ish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us--ish.ogg/En-us--ish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us--ish.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "quasi-"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "para-"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-oid"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-form"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-iform"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-esque"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-ly"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"sense": "being like",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"sense": "being like; restricted to casual registers",
"word": "-ass"
},
{
"sense": "being like; forms adjectives from nouns only",
"word": "-like"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ëz"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-achtig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-haft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ikós",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ικός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-dad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ded"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ica"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ppoi",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "っぽい"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-aktig"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-iczny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-yczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-esc"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-iu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ico"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-iento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-aktig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ça"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-ce"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-çe"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "appended to words",
"word": "-aidd"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-avun",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ավուն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-sov"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-xka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-achtig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-hko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-hkö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "mostly colours",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-âtre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "assez"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mo- -o",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "მო- -ო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sā",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "सा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"english": "colours",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "scoth-"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-okas"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-awy"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-iu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"english": "mostly colors",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-vátyj",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ва́тый"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-ento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-oso"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-imsi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-imtrak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "appended to adjectives",
"word": "-aidd"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ot",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-ոտ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "rond"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "environ"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "à peu près"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aine"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-ode",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-ოდე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "um ... herum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "ca."
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "körül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "nagyjából"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-nyi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "około"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "koło"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "appended to numbers",
"word": "-lerde, -larda"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-iyy",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-sk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-esisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-skur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ois"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-oise"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ais"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-aise"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-aine"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-és"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-eli",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "-isks",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-beli"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-skur"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"english": "nationality",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"place"
],
"topics": [
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "-agh"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-sk"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-iskr"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ês"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-eses"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-esas"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-esc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isi"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-isa"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-isi"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-otu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ota"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-oti"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-anu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ana"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-ani"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-itanu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-itana"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "-itani"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-és"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-esa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions",
"word": "-isk"
}
],
"word": "-ish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English positive polarity items",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ishen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ishen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-iss-"
},
"expansion": "Old French -iss-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ēscere"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ēscere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ishen, -ischen, -issen, from Old French -iss-, -is- (a termination of the stem of some forms [present participle, etc.] of certain verbs), from Latin -ēscere, -īscere (an inchoative suffix), the formative -esc-, -isc- (-sc-, Greek -σκ- (-sk-)) being ultimately cognate with English -ish (Etymology 1). See -esce, -escent, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "abolish"
},
{
"word": "accomplish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An ending found on some verbs; see usage notes."
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) An ending found on some verbs; see usage notes."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ish meaning in English (23.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.