See -isch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "-ies"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-is"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-isch",
"-isch#German:_adjective"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Dutch"
],
[
"-sch",
"-sch#Dutch"
],
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "-isch<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German -isch",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/.) More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ischer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "meest -isch",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischt",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ies",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-isch (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -ischer, superlative meest -isch or -ischt)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 35 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 15 2 6 18 5 14 1 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 15 1 5 19 5 16 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 15 2 5 17 5 13 1 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "elektrolyt (“electrolyte”) + -isch → elektrolytisch (“electrolytic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "behaviorist (“behaviorist”, noun) + -isch → behavioristisch (“behaviorist”, adjective)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "utopie (“utopia”) + -isch → utopisch (“utopian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ic, -ian; forms relational adjectives from nouns"
],
"id": "en--isch-nl-suffix-7D5w8d65",
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 35 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 15 3 4 18 7 11 4 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 16 2 4 19 6 11 3 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 15 14 3 9 17 6 11 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 14 15 2 6 18 5 13 2 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 15 2 6 18 5 14 1 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 15 1 5 19 5 16 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 15 2 5 17 5 13 1 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch → Egyptisch (“Egyptian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Belarus (“Belarus”) + -isch → Belarussisch (“Belarusian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Californië (“California”) + -isch → Californisch (“Californian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ian, -ese; forms demonym adjectives from proper nouns"
],
"id": "en--isch-nl-suffix-QZAZC1NU",
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-ese",
"-ese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-isch",
"-isch#German:_adjective"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Dutch"
],
[
"-sch",
"-sch#Dutch"
],
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "-isch<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German -isch",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/.) More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ies",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "-isch n (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "nl-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 35 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 15 3 4 18 7 11 4 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 16 2 4 19 6 11 3 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 15 14 3 9 17 6 11 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 14 15 2 6 18 5 13 2 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 15 2 6 18 5 14 1 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 15 1 5 19 5 16 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 15 2 5 17 5 13 1 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch → Egyptisch (“Egyptian”, language)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Belarus (“Belarus”) + -isch → Belarussisch (“Belarusian”, language)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Etrusk (“Etruscan person”) + -isch → Etruskisch (“Etruscan”, language)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ian, -ese; forms names of languages from proper nouns"
],
"id": "en--isch-nl-suffix-wTuo~zc8",
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-ese",
"-ese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter suffixes",
"Dutch proper noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes with red links in their headword lines",
"Dutch terms borrowed from German",
"Dutch terms derived from German",
"Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"Middle High German entries with etymon",
"Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle High German lemmas",
"Middle High German suffixes",
"Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "-ies"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-is"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-isch",
"-isch#German:_adjective"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Dutch"
],
[
"-sch",
"-sch#Dutch"
],
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "-isch<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German -isch",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/.) More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ischer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "meest -isch",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischt",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ies",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-isch (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -ischer, superlative meest -isch or -ischt)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "elektrolyt (“electrolyte”) + -isch → elektrolytisch (“electrolytic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "behaviorist (“behaviorist”, noun) + -isch → behavioristisch (“behaviorist”, adjective)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "utopie (“utopia”) + -isch → utopisch (“utopian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ic, -ian; forms relational adjectives from nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch → Egyptisch (“Egyptian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Belarus (“Belarus”) + -isch → Belarussisch (“Belarusian”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Californië (“California”) + -isch → Californisch (“Californian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ian, -ese; forms demonym adjectives from proper nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-ese",
"-ese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter suffixes",
"Dutch proper noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes with red links in their headword lines",
"Dutch terms borrowed from German",
"Dutch terms derived from German",
"Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"Middle High German entries with etymon",
"Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle High German lemmas",
"Middle High German suffixes",
"Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-isch",
"-isch#German:_adjective"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Dutch"
],
[
"-sch",
"-sch#Dutch"
],
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "-isch<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German -isch",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/.) More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ies",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "-isch n (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "nl-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch → Egyptisch (“Egyptian”, language)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Belarus (“Belarus”) + -isch → Belarussisch (“Belarusian”, language)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Etrusk (“Etruscan person”) + -isch → Etruskisch (“Etruscan”, language)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ian, -ese; forms names of languages from proper nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-ese",
"-ese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -isch meaning in Dutch (7.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-isch"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-isch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: proper noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-isch"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-isch",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.