See -isch on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-ies"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -ies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -ies"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "-is",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: -is"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bor",
"3": "de>-isch>adjective",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German -isch.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/.) More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 15 15 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 23 14 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 5 9 7 9 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 9 30 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 7 29 5 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "fantastic",
"text": "fantastisch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "utopian",
"text": "utopisch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ic, -ian"
],
"id": "en--isch-nl-suffix-ckmO-4-6",
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-isch",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gmh>-isch>adjective",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "1"
},
"expansion": "From Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "allegorisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "altmodisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "apathisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bürokratisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chinesisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "euklidisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Euklidisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hierokratisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kritisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lateinisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Lutherisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lutherisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "metaphorisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "russisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-'sch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-sch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ig"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 15 15 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 23 14 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an adjectival suffix, often matching -ic and -ical"
],
"id": "en--isch-de-suffix-AbClC36h",
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
],
[
"-ical",
"-ical#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 15 15 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 23 14 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of a nationality, or the language associated with a nationality; often matches -ish or -ian"
],
"id": "en--isch-de-suffix-vZOHqdrg",
"links": [
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʃ/",
"note": "in common speech",
"tags": [
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--isch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 15 15 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 23 14 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 9 30 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 7 29 5 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"id": "en--isch-enm-suffix-S9WSJVeh",
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "German: -isch\n→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: -isch\n→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: -isch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: -isch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "-esch"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: -esch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: -esch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "-yś"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: -yś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: -yś"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "־יש"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "inh",
"3": "goh>-isc>adjective",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "1"
},
"expansion": "From Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 15 15 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 23 14 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alp (“elf”) + -isch → elbisch (“elven”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form adjectives"
],
"id": "en--isch-gmh-suffix-tpGKR4ue",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 15 15 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 23 14 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 9 30 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 7 29 5 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ītālia (“Italy”) + -isch → ītālisch (“Italian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form demonyms"
],
"id": "en--isch-gmh-suffix-0LgW3xOT",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle High German lemmas",
"Middle High German suffixes",
"Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-ies"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -ies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -ies"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "-is",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: -is"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bor",
"3": "de>-isch>adjective",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German -isch.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/.) More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with etymology texts",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms borrowed from German",
"Dutch terms derived from German",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "fantastic",
"text": "fantastisch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "utopian",
"text": "utopisch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ic, -ian"
],
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"German adjective-forming suffixes",
"German entries with etymology texts",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle High German lemmas",
"Middle High German suffixes",
"Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-isch",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gmh>-isch>adjective",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "1"
},
"expansion": "From Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "allegorisch"
},
{
"word": "altmodisch"
},
{
"word": "apathisch"
},
{
"word": "bürokratisch"
},
{
"word": "chinesisch"
},
{
"word": "euklidisch"
},
{
"word": "Euklidisch"
},
{
"word": "hierokratisch"
},
{
"word": "kritisch"
},
{
"word": "lateinisch"
},
{
"word": "Lutherisch"
},
{
"word": "lutherisch"
},
{
"word": "metaphorisch"
},
{
"word": "russisch"
},
{
"word": "-'sch"
},
{
"word": "-sch"
},
{
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"word": "-ig"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an adjectival suffix, often matching -ic and -ical"
],
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
],
[
"-ical",
"-ical#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"of a nationality, or the language associated with a nationality; often matches -ish or -ian"
],
"links": [
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʃ/",
"note": "in common speech",
"tags": [
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--isch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle High German lemmas",
"Middle High German suffixes",
"Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle High German entries with etymology texts",
"Middle High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle High German lemmas",
"Middle High German suffixes",
"Middle High German terms derived from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "German: -isch\n→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "German: -isch\n→ Dutch: -isch\nAfrikaans: -ies\n→ Indonesian: -is"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: -isch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: -isch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "-esch"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: -esch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: -esch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "-yś"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: -yś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: -yś"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "־יש"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "inh",
"3": "goh>-isc>adjective",
"id": "adjective",
"text": "1"
},
"expansion": "From Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old High German -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alp (“elf”) + -isch → elbisch (“elven”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ītālia (“Italy”) + -isch → ītālisch (“Italian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form demonyms"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -isch meaning in All languages combined (12.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.