See -isch on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -isch meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-ies"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -ies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -ies"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "-is",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: -is"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "German -isch",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-sch"
},
"expansion": "-sch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/). More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "fantastic",
"text": "fantastisch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ic"
],
"id": "en--isch-nl-suffix-tqYHRL2y",
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "utopian",
"text": "utopisch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ian"
],
"id": "en--isch-nl-suffix-Oasokk93",
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -isch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-isc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -isc",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "allegorisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "altmodisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "apathisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bürokratisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chinesisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "euklidisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Euklidisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hierokratisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kritisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lateinisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Lutherisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lutherisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "metaphorisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "russisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-'sch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-sch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ig"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an adjectival suffix, often matching -ic and -ical"
],
"id": "en--isch-de-suffix-AbClC36h",
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
],
[
"-ical",
"-ical#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of a nationality, or the language associated with a nationality; often matches -ish or -ian"
],
"id": "en--isch-de-suffix-vZOHqdrg",
"links": [
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--isch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"id": "en--isch-enm-suffix-S9WSJVeh",
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms borrowed from German",
"Dutch terms derived from German",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-ies"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -ies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -ies"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "-is",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: -is",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: -is"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "German -isch",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-sch"
},
"expansion": "-sch",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ish"
},
"expansion": "-ish",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German -isch. The native Dutch cognates are -s, earlier -sch. The pronunciation /is/ is due to an earlier pronunciation standard, by which all German vowels were to be tense. (The contemporary German standard pronunciation is /ɪʃ/). More at -ish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het -ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ische",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ischers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "fantastic",
"text": "fantastisch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ic"
],
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "utopian",
"text": "utopisch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ian"
],
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/is/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪs/",
"note": "Some southern dialects"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German adjective-forming suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German productive suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-isch"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -isch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-isc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -isc",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "allegorisch"
},
{
"word": "altmodisch"
},
{
"word": "apathisch"
},
{
"word": "bürokratisch"
},
{
"word": "chinesisch"
},
{
"word": "euklidisch"
},
{
"word": "Euklidisch"
},
{
"word": "hierokratisch"
},
{
"word": "kritisch"
},
{
"word": "lateinisch"
},
{
"word": "Lutherisch"
},
{
"word": "lutherisch"
},
{
"word": "metaphorisch"
},
{
"word": "russisch"
},
{
"word": "-'sch"
},
{
"word": "-sch"
},
{
"word": "-lich"
},
{
"word": "-ig"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an adjectival suffix, often matching -ic and -ical"
],
"links": [
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
],
[
"-ical",
"-ical#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"of a nationality, or the language associated with a nationality; often matches -ish or -ian"
],
"links": [
[
"-ish",
"-ish#English"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--isch.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--isch.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-isch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -yssh"
],
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-isch"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.