See -lich in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "12 12 22 22 16 17",
"word": "gastlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 12 22 22 16 17",
"word": "lächerlich"
}
],
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{
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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"inh": "2"
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gmh",
"3": "-lich, -līch"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -lich, -līch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-līh"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -līh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-līk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-līk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ly"
},
"expansion": "English -ly",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-lijk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -lijk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-līche"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -līche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-līhho"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -līhho",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adjective:\nFrom Middle High German -lich, -līch, from Old High German -līh, from Proto-West Germanic *-līk. Cognate with English -ly and Dutch -lijk.\nAdverb:\nFrom Middle High German -līche, from Old High German -līhho.",
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{
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},
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}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "12 12 22 22 16 17",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 12 22 22 16 17",
"word": "-isch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 13 13 12 13 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 14 14 10 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 12 12 9 10 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "verstehen (“to understand”) + -lich → verständlich (“that can be understood, understandable”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from verbs, to express that \"something can be done with the person or thing described\"."
],
"id": "en--lich-de-suffix-ERmS3gbs",
"links": [
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"adjective",
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],
[
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"tags": [
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 13 13 12 13 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 14 14 10 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 12 12 9 10 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "sterben (“to die”) + -lich → sterblich (“that dies, mortal”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from verbs, to express that \"that the person or thing described does something\"."
],
"id": "en--lich-de-suffix-ctOAcpvt",
"links": [
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"adjective",
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],
[
"verb",
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 13 13 12 13 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 14 14 10 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 12 12 9 10 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Abenteuer (“adventure”) + -lich → abenteuerlich (“associated with adventure, adventurous”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to indicate \"affiliation\"."
],
"id": "en--lich-de-suffix-F10Q4Jzc",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
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],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 13 13 12 13 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 14 14 10 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 12 12 9 10 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jahr (“year”) + -lich → jährlich (“repeated every year, annually”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns (times), to indicate \"repetition\"."
],
"id": "en--lich-de-suffix-mdJMwK0u",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 13 13 12 13 6 6",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 14 14 10 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "rot (“red”) + -lich → rötlich (“having a somewhat red coloring, reddish”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from adjectives, to express \"a weakening or differentiation\"."
],
"id": "en--lich-de-suffix-zCSwU11D",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 13 13 12 13 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 14 14 10 12 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 12 12 9 10 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bekannt (“known”) + -lich → bekanntlich (“publicly, as it is known”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--lich-de-suffix-peMAChRr",
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪç/"
},
{
"audio": "De--lich2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/De--lich2.ogg/De--lich2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/De--lich2.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "12 12 22 22 16 17",
"english": "nowadays uncommon",
"word": "-licht"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "-lich"
}
{
"categories": [
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"German adverb-forming suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gastlich"
},
{
"word": "lächerlich"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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"inh": "2"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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{
"args": {
"1": "de",
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"3": "-lich, -līch"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -lich, -līch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-līk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
"expansion": "English -ly",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "-lijk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -lijk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gmh",
"3": "-līche"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -līche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-līhho"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -līhho",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adjective:\nFrom Middle High German -lich, -līch, from Old High German -līh, from Proto-West Germanic *-līk. Cognate with English -ly and Dutch -lijk.\nAdverb:\nFrom Middle High German -līche, from Old High German -līhho.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-lich",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"word": "-isch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "verstehen (“to understand”) + -lich → verständlich (“that can be understood, understandable”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from verbs, to express that \"something can be done with the person or thing described\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sterben (“to die”) + -lich → sterblich (“that dies, mortal”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from verbs, to express that \"that the person or thing described does something\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Abenteuer (“adventure”) + -lich → abenteuerlich (“associated with adventure, adventurous”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns, to indicate \"affiliation\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jahr (“year”) + -lich → jährlich (“repeated every year, annually”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns (times), to indicate \"repetition\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rot (“red”) + -lich → rötlich (“having a somewhat red coloring, reddish”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from adjectives, to express \"a weakening or differentiation\"."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bekannt (“known”) + -lich → bekanntlich (“publicly, as it is known”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs from adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɪç/"
},
{
"audio": "De--lich2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/De--lich2.ogg/De--lich2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/De--lich2.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "nowadays uncommon",
"word": "-licht"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "-lich"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -lich meaning in German (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.