See -s in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "plural" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "nl" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "odt", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Old Dutch", "name": "noncog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*-ōz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gml", "3": "-s" }, "expansion": "Middle Low German -s", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "osx", "3": "-os" }, "expansion": "Old Saxon -os", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-ōs" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "-as" }, "expansion": "Old English -as", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-s" }, "expansion": "English -s", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown. Not present in Old Dutch, which used -a from Proto-Germanic *-ōz as the plural ending. Possibly spread from Middle Low German -s, -es, from Old Saxon -os, -as, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs. Further etymology is unknown, but cognate with Old English -as (English -s).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "inflectional suffixes", "g": "p" }, "expansion": "-s pl", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "22 11 7 21 3 4 25 3 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "58 42", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch pluralia tantum", "parents": [ "Pluralia tantum", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "bodem + -s → bodems" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form regular plurals of nouns that end in certain suffixes or syllables, such as -el, -er, -en, -em, -eur, -aar, -aard, diminutive -je, etc." ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-B9K2Wbi~", "links": [ [ "-je", "-je#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "plural" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "22 11 7 21 3 4 25 3 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "telefoon + -s → telefoons" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form irregular plurals of many other nouns, chiefly of foreign origin." ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-nRGJBO9i", "tags": [ "morpheme", "plural" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "genitive" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "dum", "3": "-s" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch -s", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "odt", "3": "-es" }, "expansion": "Old Dutch -es", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-as" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, Middle Dutch -s, -es, from Old Dutch -es, -is, from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "inflectional suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "tijd → de tand des tijds" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns." ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-dhm-xM91", "qualifier": "except in fixed expressions", "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "22 11 7 21 3 4 25 3 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "Pieter → Pieters jas" }, { "text": "iemand → iemands jas" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form the genitive case of proper nouns and some pronouns." ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-H09CgOo3", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "lief → iets liefs" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form the partitive form of the adjective" ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-zNvS7Lxx", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "adjective" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "dum", "3": "-sch" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch -sch", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "odt", "3": "-isc" }, "expansion": "Old Dutch -isc", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*-isk" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-iskaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*-iskos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier -sch, from Middle Dutch -sch, from Old Dutch -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (from which also -isch via German), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "winter (“winter”) + -s → winters (“wintery”)" }, { "text": "spel (“game”) + -s → speels (“playful”)" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form adjectives of characteristic from nouns." ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-wBjZPnGS", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "22 11 7 21 3 4 25 3 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "Engeland (“England”) + -s → Engels (“English”)" }, { "text": "Finland (“Finland”) + -s → Fins (“Finnish”)" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form adjectives or language names from names of nations or countries." ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-FUwgLSiY", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "adverb" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "modality" }, "expansion": "modality", "name": "glossary" } ], "etymology_text": "Developed from the use of genitive suffix -s to form adverbial phrases of time or modality modality.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "ander (“other”) + -s → anders (“otherwise”)", "type": "example" }, { "text": "zelf (“self”) + -s → zelfs (“even”)", "type": "example" }, { "text": "maandag (“Monday”) + -s → 's maandags (“on Monday”)", "type": "example" }, { "text": "willend (“wanting”) + -s → willens (“intentionally”)", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form some adverbs" ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-VRatUsRT", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "patronymic" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier forms such as -sz, -se, -sen; all ultimately from the patronymic use of zoon with a connecting genitival interfix -s-. Bare -s as a patronymic may also represent an underlying patronymic use of dochter, as in the name Neeltje Jansdochter, which could reduce to Neeltje Jans by simple elision of -dochter.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Used to form patronymic surnames." ], "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-F5dPupgH", "synonyms": [ { "word": "-sz" }, { "word": "-se" }, { "word": "-sse" }, { "word": "-sen" }, { "word": "-ssen" } ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-s" }
{ "categories": [ "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch inflectional suffixes", "Dutch lemmas", "Dutch noun-forming suffixes", "Dutch pluralia tantum", "Dutch suffixes", "Dutch terms derived from Middle Low German", "Dutch terms derived from Old Saxon", "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Dutch terms with unknown etymologies", "Pages using catfix", "Pages with 34 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "plural" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "nl" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "odt", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Old Dutch", "name": "noncog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*-ōz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gml", "3": "-s" }, "expansion": "Middle Low German -s", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "osx", "3": "-os" }, "expansion": "Old Saxon -os", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-ōs" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "-as" }, "expansion": "Old English -as", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-s" }, "expansion": "English -s", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown. Not present in Old Dutch, which used -a from Proto-Germanic *-ōz as the plural ending. Possibly spread from Middle Low German -s, -es, from Old Saxon -os, -as, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs. Further etymology is unknown, but cognate with Old English -as (English -s).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "inflectional suffixes", "g": "p" }, "expansion": "-s pl", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "bodem + -s → bodems" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form regular plurals of nouns that end in certain suffixes or syllables, such as -el, -er, -en, -em, -eur, -aar, -aard, diminutive -je, etc." ], "links": [ [ "-je", "-je#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "plural" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "telefoon + -s → telefoons" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form irregular plurals of many other nouns, chiefly of foreign origin." ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "plural" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "categories": [ "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch inflectional suffixes", "Dutch lemmas", "Dutch noun-forming suffixes", "Dutch suffixes", "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch", "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch", "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch", "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch", "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages using catfix", "Pages with 34 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "genitive" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "dum", "3": "-s" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch -s", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "odt", "3": "-es" }, "expansion": "Old Dutch -es", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-as" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, Middle Dutch -s, -es, from Old Dutch -es, -is, from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "inflectional suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Dutch terms with archaic senses" ], "examples": [ { "text": "tijd → de tand des tijds" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns." ], "qualifier": "except in fixed expressions", "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "Pieter → Pieters jas" }, { "text": "iemand → iemands jas" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form the genitive case of proper nouns and some pronouns." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "lief → iets liefs" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form the partitive form of the adjective" ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "categories": [ "Dutch adjective-forming suffixes", "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch lemmas", "Dutch noun-forming suffixes", "Dutch suffixes", "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch", "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch", "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch", "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch", "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages using catfix", "Pages with 34 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "adjective" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "dum", "3": "-sch" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch -sch", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "odt", "3": "-isc" }, "expansion": "Old Dutch -isc", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*-isk" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-iskaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*-iskos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier -sch, from Middle Dutch -sch, from Old Dutch -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (from which also -isch via German), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "winter (“winter”) + -s → winters (“wintery”)" }, { "text": "spel (“game”) + -s → speels (“playful”)" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form adjectives of characteristic from nouns." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "Engeland (“England”) + -s → Engels (“English”)" }, { "text": "Finland (“Finland”) + -s → Fins (“Finnish”)" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form adjectives or language names from names of nations or countries." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "categories": [ "Dutch adverb-forming suffixes", "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch lemmas", "Dutch noun-forming suffixes", "Dutch suffixes", "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary", "Pages using catfix", "Pages with 34 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "adverb" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "modality" }, "expansion": "modality", "name": "glossary" } ], "etymology_text": "Developed from the use of genitive suffix -s to form adverbial phrases of time or modality modality.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "ander (“other”) + -s → anders (“otherwise”)", "type": "example" }, { "text": "zelf (“self”) + -s → zelfs (“even”)", "type": "example" }, { "text": "maandag (“Monday”) + -s → 's maandags (“on Monday”)", "type": "example" }, { "text": "willend (“wanting”) + -s → willens (“intentionally”)", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form some adverbs" ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "word": "-s" } { "categories": [ "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch lemmas", "Dutch noun-forming suffixes", "Dutch suffixes", "Pages using catfix", "Pages with 34 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "patronymic" }, "expansion": "", "name": "etymid" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier forms such as -sz, -se, -sen; all ultimately from the patronymic use of zoon with a connecting genitival interfix -s-. Bare -s as a patronymic may also represent an underlying patronymic use of dochter, as in the name Neeltje Jansdochter, which could reduce to Neeltje Jans by simple elision of -dochter.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "-s", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Used to form patronymic surnames." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "-sz" }, { "word": "-se" }, { "word": "-sse" }, { "word": "-sen" }, { "word": "-ssen" } ], "word": "-s" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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