"-s" meaning in Dutch

{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "id": "plural"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*-ōz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German -s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "-os"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -os",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-as"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -as",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "English -s",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Not present in Old Dutch, which used -a from Proto-Germanic *-ōz as the plural ending. Possibly spread from Middle Low German -s, -es, from Old Saxon -os, -as, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs. Further etymology is unknown, but cognate with Old English -as (English -s).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
        "g": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "-s pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 10 8 19 6 7 13 6 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 4 12 4 4 9 4 6 5 0 5 4 4 4 6 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 12 9 18 7 8 14 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 7 19 6 7 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch pluralia tantum",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bodem + -s → bodems"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form regular plurals of nouns that end in certain suffixes or syllables, such as -el, -er, -en, -em, -eur, -aar, -aard, diminutive -je, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-B9K2Wbi~",
      "links": [
        [
          "-je",
          "-je#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 10 8 19 6 7 13 6 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 12 9 18 7 8 14 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 7 19 6 7 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "telefoon + -s → telefoons"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form irregular plurals of many other nouns, chiefly of foreign origin."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-nRGJBO9i",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "dum:-s<alt:-s, -es><ety:inh<odt:-es<alt:-es, -is><ety:inh<gem-pro:*-as<alt:*-as, *-is>>>>>",
        "id": "genitive",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"genitive\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_genitive\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch -s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "-es"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch -es",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-as"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nFrom the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, Middle Dutch -s, -es, from Old Dutch -es, -is, from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "tijd → de tand des tijds"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-dhm-xM91",
      "qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 3 2 6 2 2 5 2 3 3 6 6 6 3 3 0 6 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 5 5 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 10 8 19 6 7 13 6 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 4 12 4 4 9 4 6 5 0 5 4 4 4 6 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 12 9 18 7 8 14 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 7 19 6 7 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Pieter → Pieters jas"
        },
        {
          "text": "iemand → iemands jas"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the genitive case of proper nouns and some pronouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-H09CgOo3",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lief → iets liefs"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the partitive form of the adjective"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-zNvS7Lxx",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-sch",
        "id": "adjective",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nOld Dutch -isc\nMiddle Dutch -sch\nDutch -sch\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iskaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-isc\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-sch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-sch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"adjective\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_adjective\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "-sch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch -sch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "-isc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch -isc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-isk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-iskaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-iskos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nOld Dutch -isc\nMiddle Dutch -sch\nDutch -sch\nDutch -s\nFrom earlier -sch, from Middle Dutch -sch, from Old Dutch -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (from which also -isch via German), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "winter (“winter”) + -s → winters (“wintery”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "spelen (“to play”) + -s → speels (“playful”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives of characteristic from nouns or verbs."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-f421U~GO",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 10 8 19 6 7 13 6 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 12 9 18 7 8 14 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 11 7 19 6 7 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 10 5 17 4 5 32 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Engeland (“England”) + -s → Engels (“English”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Finland (“Finland”) + -s → Fins (“Finnish”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives or language names from names of nations or countries."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-FUwgLSiY",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "4",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-s<id:genitive>",
        "id": "adverb",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"adverb\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_adverb\">",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s\nDeveloped from the use of genitive suffix -s to form adverbial phrases of time or modality.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ander (“other”) + -s → anders (“otherwise”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zelf (“self”) + -s → zelfs (“even”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "maandag (“Monday”) + -s → 's maandags (“on Monday”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "willend (“wanting”) + -s → willens (“intentionally”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form some adverbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-VRatUsRT",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "5",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-sz<alt:-sz, -se, -sen><ety:der<-szoon<ety:af<-s-><zoon>>>>",
        "id": "patronymic",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s-\nProto-Indo-European *sew-?\nProto-Indo-European *sewH-\nProto-Indo-European *suHnús\nProto-Germanic *sunuz\nProto-West Germanic *sunu\nOld Dutch *sunu, suno\nMiddle Dutch sōne\nDutch zoon\nDutch -szoonder.\nDutch -sz, -se, -sen\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"genitive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-s, -es\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-es, -is\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-as, *-is\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-as\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*sunu, suno\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"give birth\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"to pour\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sew-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sewH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*suHnús\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"suno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"sōne\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"zoon\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-szoon\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-sz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"patronymic\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_patronymic\">",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s-\nProto-Indo-European *sew-?\nProto-Indo-European *sewH-\nProto-Indo-European *suHnús\nProto-Germanic *sunuz\nProto-West Germanic *sunu\nOld Dutch *sunu, suno\nMiddle Dutch sōne\nDutch zoon\nDutch -szoonder.\nDutch -sz, -se, -sen\nDutch -s\nFrom earlier forms such as -sz, -se, -sen; all ultimately from the patronymic use of zoon with a connecting genitival interfix -s-. Bare -s as a patronymic may also represent an underlying patronymic use of dochter, as in the name Neeltje Jansdochter, which could reduce to Neeltje Jans by simple elision of -dochter.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-sz",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ssen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form patronymic surnames."
      ],
      "id": "en--s-nl-suffix-F5dPupgH",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
    "Dutch entries with etymon",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch inflectional suffixes",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
    "Dutch pluralia tantum",
    "Dutch suffixes",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Saxon",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewH-",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *suHnús",
    "Dutch terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 38 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "id": "plural"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*-ōz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German -s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "-os"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon -os",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-as"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -as",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "English -s",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Not present in Old Dutch, which used -a from Proto-Germanic *-ōz as the plural ending. Possibly spread from Middle Low German -s, -es, from Old Saxon -os, -as, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs. Further etymology is unknown, but cognate with Old English -as (English -s).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
        "g": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "-s pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bodem + -s → bodems"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form regular plurals of nouns that end in certain suffixes or syllables, such as -el, -er, -en, -em, -eur, -aar, -aard, diminutive -je, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-je",
          "-je#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "telefoon + -s → telefoons"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form irregular plurals of many other nouns, chiefly of foreign origin."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
    "Dutch entries with etymon",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch inflectional suffixes",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
    "Dutch suffixes",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewH-",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *suHnús",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 38 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "dum:-s<alt:-s, -es><ety:inh<odt:-es<alt:-es, -is><ety:inh<gem-pro:*-as<alt:*-as, *-is>>>>>",
        "id": "genitive",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"genitive\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_genitive\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch -s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "-es"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch -es",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-as"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nFrom the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, Middle Dutch -s, -es, from Old Dutch -es, -is, from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "tijd → de tand des tijds"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
      ],
      "qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Pieter → Pieters jas"
        },
        {
          "text": "iemand → iemands jas"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the genitive case of proper nouns and some pronouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lief → iets liefs"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the partitive form of the adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
    "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
    "Dutch entries with etymon",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
    "Dutch suffixes",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewH-",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *suHnús",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 38 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-sch",
        "id": "adjective",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nOld Dutch -isc\nMiddle Dutch -sch\nDutch -sch\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iskaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-isc\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-sch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-sch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"adjective\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_adjective\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "-sch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch -sch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "-isc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch -isc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-isk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-iskaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-iskos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nOld Dutch -isc\nMiddle Dutch -sch\nDutch -sch\nDutch -s\nFrom earlier -sch, from Middle Dutch -sch, from Old Dutch -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (from which also -isch via German), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "winter (“winter”) + -s → winters (“wintery”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "spelen (“to play”) + -s → speels (“playful”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives of characteristic from nouns or verbs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Engeland (“England”) + -s → Engels (“English”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "Finland (“Finland”) + -s → Fins (“Finnish”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives or language names from names of nations or countries."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
    "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
    "Dutch entries with etymon",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
    "Dutch suffixes",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewH-",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *suHnús",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 38 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "4",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-s<id:genitive>",
        "id": "adverb",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"adverb\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_adverb\">",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s\nDeveloped from the use of genitive suffix -s to form adverbial phrases of time or modality.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ander (“other”) + -s → anders (“otherwise”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zelf (“self”) + -s → zelfs (“even”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "maandag (“Monday”) + -s → 's maandags (“on Monday”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "willend (“wanting”) + -s → willens (“intentionally”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form some adverbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
    "Dutch entries with etymon",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
    "Dutch suffixes",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewH-",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *suHnús",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 38 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "5",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-sz<alt:-sz, -se, -sen><ety:der<-szoon<ety:af<-s-><zoon>>>>",
        "id": "patronymic",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s-\nProto-Indo-European *sew-?\nProto-Indo-European *sewH-\nProto-Indo-European *suHnús\nProto-Germanic *sunuz\nProto-West Germanic *sunu\nOld Dutch *sunu, suno\nMiddle Dutch sōne\nDutch zoon\nDutch -szoonder.\nDutch -sz, -se, -sen\nDutch -s\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"genitive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-s, -es\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-es, -is\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-as, *-is\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-as\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*sunu, suno\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"son\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"give birth\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"to pour\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sew-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sewH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*suHnús\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Dutch\", \"term\" : \"suno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"odt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Dutch\", \"term\" : \"sōne\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"dum\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"zoon\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-szoon\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-sz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"-s\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-id=\"patronymic\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"-s\" id=\"Dutch:_patronymic\">",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-as, *-is\nOld Dutch -es, -is\nMiddle Dutch -s, -es\nDutch -s\nDutch -s-\nProto-Indo-European *sew-?\nProto-Indo-European *sewH-\nProto-Indo-European *suHnús\nProto-Germanic *sunuz\nProto-West Germanic *sunu\nOld Dutch *sunu, suno\nMiddle Dutch sōne\nDutch zoon\nDutch -szoonder.\nDutch -sz, -se, -sen\nDutch -s\nFrom earlier forms such as -sz, -se, -sen; all ultimately from the patronymic use of zoon with a connecting genitival interfix -s-. Bare -s as a patronymic may also represent an underlying patronymic use of dochter, as in the name Neeltje Jansdochter, which could reduce to Neeltje Jans by simple elision of -dochter.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-sz",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ssen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form patronymic surnames."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}