See -s in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-os"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -os",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "English -s",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Not present in Old Dutch, which used -a from Proto-Germanic *-ōz as the plural ending. Possibly spread from Middle Low German -s, -es, from Old Saxon -os, -as, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs. Further etymology is unknown, but cognate with Old English -as (English -s).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "-s pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 9 21 20 2 2 3 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bodem + -s → bodems"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form regular plurals of nouns that end in certain suffixes or syllables, such as -el, -er, -en, -em, -eur, -aar, -aard, diminutive -je, etc."
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-B9K2Wbi~",
"links": [
[
"-je",
"-je#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "telefoon + -s → telefoons"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form irregular plurals of many other nouns, chiefly of foreign origin."
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-nRGJBO9i",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lijk → -lijks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-je → -jes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-ling → -lings"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-waarts"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, Middle Dutch -s, -es, from Old Dutch -es, -is, from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 9 21 20 2 2 3 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tijd → de tand des tijds"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-dhm-xM91",
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 9 21 20 2 2 3 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Pieter → Pieters jas"
},
{
"text": "iemand → iemands jas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the genitive case of proper nouns and some pronouns."
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-H09CgOo3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lief → iets liefs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the partitive form of the adjective"
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-zNvS7Lxx",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "stad → steeds"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs"
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-XWJAhH8r",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-sch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -sch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-isc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -isc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier -sch, from Middle Dutch -sch, from Old Dutch -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (from which also -isch via German), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "winter (“winter”) + -s → winters (“wintery”)"
},
{
"text": "spel (“game”) + -s → speels (“playful”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives of characteristic from nouns."
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-nl:adjective",
"senseid": [
"nl:adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 9 21 20 2 2 3 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Engeland (“England”) + -s → Engels (“English”)"
},
{
"text": "Finland (“Finland”) + -s → Fins (“Finnish”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives or language names from names of nations or countries."
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-FUwgLSiY",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From earlier forms such as -sz, -se, -sen; all ultimately from the patronymic use of zoon with a connecting genitival interfix -s-. Bare -s as a patronymic may also represent an underlying patronymic use of dochter, as in the name Neeltje Jansdochter, which could reduce to Neeltje Jans by simple elision of -dochter.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form patronymic surnames."
],
"id": "en--s-nl-suffix-nl:patronymic",
"senseid": [
"nl:patronymic"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-sz"
},
{
"word": "-se"
},
{
"word": "-sse"
},
{
"word": "-sen"
},
{
"word": "-ssen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch pluralia tantum",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German -s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "osx",
"3": "-os"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon -os",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Old English -as",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "English -s",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Not present in Old Dutch, which used -a from Proto-Germanic *-ōz as the plural ending. Possibly spread from Middle Low German -s, -es, from Old Saxon -os, -as, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs. Further etymology is unknown, but cognate with Old English -as (English -s).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "-s pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bodem + -s → bodems"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form regular plurals of nouns that end in certain suffixes or syllables, such as -el, -er, -en, -em, -eur, -aar, -aard, diminutive -je, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"-je",
"-je#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "telefoon + -s → telefoons"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form irregular plurals of many other nouns, chiefly of foreign origin."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adverb-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-lijk → -lijks"
},
{
"word": "-je → -jes"
},
{
"word": "-ling → -lings"
},
{
"word": "-waarts"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-es"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -es",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, Middle Dutch -s, -es, from Old Dutch -es, -is, from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tijd → de tand des tijds"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
],
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the genitive case of (strong) masculine and neuter nouns."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Pieter → Pieters jas"
},
{
"text": "iemand → iemands jas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the genitive case of proper nouns and some pronouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "lief → iets liefs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the partitive form of the adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "stad → steeds"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-sch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -sch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-isc"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -isc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-isk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-isk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-iskaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-iskaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iskos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier -sch, from Middle Dutch -sch, from Old Dutch -isc, from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (from which also -isch via German), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "winter (“winter”) + -s → winters (“wintery”)"
},
{
"text": "spel (“game”) + -s → speels (“playful”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives of characteristic from nouns."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Engeland (“England”) + -s → Engels (“English”)"
},
{
"text": "Finland (“Finland”) + -s → Fins (“Finnish”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives or language names from names of nations or countries."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From earlier forms such as -sz, -se, -sen; all ultimately from the patronymic use of zoon with a connecting genitival interfix -s-. Bare -s as a patronymic may also represent an underlying patronymic use of dochter, as in the name Neeltje Jansdochter, which could reduce to Neeltje Jans by simple elision of -dochter.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form patronymic surnames."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:patronymic"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-sz"
},
{
"word": "-se"
},
{
"word": "-sse"
},
{
"word": "-sen"
},
{
"word": "-ssen"
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -s meaning in Dutch (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.