See -ie in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "-y<id:diminutive>",
"id": "diminutive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_diminutive\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Scots -ie",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nVariant spelling of -y, with the spelling possibly influenced by the cognate Scots -ie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
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"cat2": "productive suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat4": "diminutive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "productive suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat4": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ie"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
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{
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"ref": "1869, Louisa May Alcott, An Old-Fashioned Girl:",
"text": "“Polly, I wish you ’d let me call you Marie,” said Fanny one day, as they were shopping together. ¶ “You may call me Mary, if you like; but I won’t have any ie put on to my name. I’m Polly at home and I’m fond of being called so; but Marie is Frenchified and silly.” ¶ “I spell my own name with an ie, and so do all the girls.” ¶ “And what a jumble of Netties, Nellies, Hatties, and Sallies there is. How ‘Pollie’ would look spelt so!”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "dear → dearie"
},
{
"text": "sweet → sweetie"
},
{
"text": "smile → smilie (also smiley)"
},
{
"text": "Catherine → Cathie (also Cathi, Cathy); Katherine → Kathie (also Kathi, Kathy)"
},
{
"text": "Bill → Billie (also Billi, Billy)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutive or affectionate forms of nouns or names."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"affectionate",
"affectionate#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "suffixes",
"translation": "suffixes",
"word": "-cule"
},
{
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-el"
},
{
"word": "-et"
},
{
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"word": "-icle"
},
{
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-let"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
},
{
"word": "-ole"
},
{
"word": "-ule"
},
{
"word": "-y"
},
{
"english": "prefixes",
"translation": "prefixes",
"word": "mini-"
},
{
"word": "micro-"
},
{
"word": "nano-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-etjie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-jie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-kie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-pie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-tjie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-etje"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-pje"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-kje"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-pie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-kie"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ke"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-et"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-chen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ito"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ita"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 15 4 12 13 12",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-iş"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 33 18 10 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 34 19 9 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 34 19 10 9 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 39 20 7 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jesse → Jessie"
},
{
"text": "Bill → Billie"
},
{
"text": "James → Jamie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming feminine or gender‐neutral forms of given names."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:female",
"links": [
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"gender‐neutral",
"gender-neutral#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:female"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 24 13 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Australia/Australian → Aussie"
},
{
"text": "mosquito → mozzie"
},
{
"text": "position → possie"
},
{
"text": "costume → cossie"
},
{
"text": "barbecue → barbie"
},
{
"text": "biscuit → bikkie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms colloquial clippings (often functioning as familiarizers), truncating the root to a single stressed syllable."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:familiariser",
"links": [
[
"colloquial",
"colloquial#English"
],
[
"familiarizer",
"familiarizer#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Australia, New Zealand, UK) Forms colloquial clippings (often functioning as familiarizers), truncating the root to a single stressed syllable."
],
"senseid": [
"en:familiariser"
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 24 13 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 27 16 26 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bike → bikie"
},
{
"text": "fridge → fridgie (“fridge magnet”)"
},
{
"text": "road → roadie"
},
{
"text": "surf → surfie"
},
{
"text": "town → townie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming colloquial nouns signifying the person or thing associated with the suffixed noun or verb."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:associated",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"qualifier": "occasionally derogatory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(occasionally derogatory) Forming colloquial nouns signifying the person or thing associated with the suffixed noun or verb."
],
"senseid": [
"en:associated"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 24 13 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "slow → slowie"
},
{
"text": "small → smallie"
},
{
"text": "tough → toughie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns relative to an adjective."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:nominalizer",
"senseid": [
"en:nominalizer"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 24 13 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alright → alrightie"
},
{
"text": "eww → ewwie"
},
{
"text": "good → goodie"
},
{
"text": "oops → oopsie"
},
{
"text": "ow → owie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming colloquial interjections or phrases."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:colloquial",
"senseid": [
"en:colloquial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "-ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/-iː/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"India",
"New-Zealand",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-i/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"word": "-ie"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "-y<id:adjectival>",
"id": "adjectival",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-g\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_adjectival\">",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nVariant spelling of -y (adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ie"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "adjectival suffix",
"word": "-y"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hug → huggie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -y (adjectival suffix)."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:adjectival",
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Alternative spelling of -y (adjectival suffix)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "-ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/-iː/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"India",
"New-Zealand",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-i/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"word": "-ie"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bf",
"3": "selfie",
"id": "selfie",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nMiddle English self\nEnglish self\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish selfiebf.\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#back-formation|Back-formation]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*selbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*selbaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i, *-ī\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-j-, *-ij-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-j-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"selfie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"selfie\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_selfie\">\nBack-formation from selfie.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nMiddle English self\nEnglish self\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish selfiebf.\nEnglish -ie\nBack-formation from selfie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ie"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A photograph, especially a selfie."
],
"id": "en--ie-en-suffix-en:photograph",
"links": [
[
"photograph",
"photograph"
],
[
"selfie",
"selfie"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:photograph"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "-ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/-iː/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"India",
"New-Zealand",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-i/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"word": "-ie"
}
{
"categories": [
"English back-formations",
"English diminutive suffixes",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/iː",
"Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "-y<id:diminutive>",
"id": "diminutive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_diminutive\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Scots -ie",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nVariant spelling of -y, with the spelling possibly influenced by the cognate Scots -ie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "productive suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat4": "diminutive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "productive suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat4": "diminutive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ie"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
43
],
[
157,
159
],
[
237,
239
],
[
251,
253
],
[
298,
300
],
[
356,
358
],
[
356,
359
],
[
365,
367
],
[
365,
368
],
[
374,
376
],
[
374,
377
],
[
387,
389
],
[
387,
390
],
[
410,
412
]
],
"ref": "1869, Louisa May Alcott, An Old-Fashioned Girl:",
"text": "“Polly, I wish you ’d let me call you Marie,” said Fanny one day, as they were shopping together. ¶ “You may call me Mary, if you like; but I won’t have any ie put on to my name. I’m Polly at home and I’m fond of being called so; but Marie is Frenchified and silly.” ¶ “I spell my own name with an ie, and so do all the girls.” ¶ “And what a jumble of Netties, Nellies, Hatties, and Sallies there is. How ‘Pollie’ would look spelt so!”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "dear → dearie"
},
{
"text": "sweet → sweetie"
},
{
"text": "smile → smilie (also smiley)"
},
{
"text": "Catherine → Cathie (also Cathi, Cathy); Katherine → Kathie (also Kathi, Kathy)"
},
{
"text": "Bill → Billie (also Billi, Billy)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutive or affectionate forms of nouns or names."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"affectionate",
"affectionate#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "suffixes",
"translation": "suffixes",
"word": "-cule"
},
{
"word": "-ee"
},
{
"word": "-el"
},
{
"word": "-et"
},
{
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"word": "-icle"
},
{
"word": "-kin"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-let"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
},
{
"word": "-ole"
},
{
"word": "-ule"
},
{
"word": "-y"
},
{
"english": "prefixes",
"translation": "prefixes",
"word": "mini-"
},
{
"word": "micro-"
},
{
"word": "nano-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jesse → Jessie"
},
{
"text": "Bill → Billie"
},
{
"text": "James → Jamie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming feminine or gender‐neutral forms of given names."
],
"links": [
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"gender‐neutral",
"gender-neutral#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:female"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"New Zealand English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Australia/Australian → Aussie"
},
{
"text": "mosquito → mozzie"
},
{
"text": "position → possie"
},
{
"text": "costume → cossie"
},
{
"text": "barbecue → barbie"
},
{
"text": "biscuit → bikkie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms colloquial clippings (often functioning as familiarizers), truncating the root to a single stressed syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"colloquial",
"colloquial#English"
],
[
"familiarizer",
"familiarizer#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Australia, New Zealand, UK) Forms colloquial clippings (often functioning as familiarizers), truncating the root to a single stressed syllable."
],
"senseid": [
"en:familiariser"
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bike → bikie"
},
{
"text": "fridge → fridgie (“fridge magnet”)"
},
{
"text": "road → roadie"
},
{
"text": "surf → surfie"
},
{
"text": "town → townie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming colloquial nouns signifying the person or thing associated with the suffixed noun or verb."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"qualifier": "occasionally derogatory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(occasionally derogatory) Forming colloquial nouns signifying the person or thing associated with the suffixed noun or verb."
],
"senseid": [
"en:associated"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "slow → slowie"
},
{
"text": "small → smallie"
},
{
"text": "tough → toughie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns relative to an adjective."
],
"senseid": [
"en:nominalizer"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "alright → alrightie"
},
{
"text": "eww → ewwie"
},
{
"text": "good → goodie"
},
{
"text": "oops → oopsie"
},
{
"text": "ow → owie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming colloquial interjections or phrases."
],
"senseid": [
"en:colloquial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "-ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/-iː/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"India",
"New-Zealand",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-i/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-etjie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-jie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-kie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-pie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-tjie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-tje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-etje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-pje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-kje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-pie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-kie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ke"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-ken"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-et"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ette"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-chen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ito"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ita"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "forming diminutive nouns or names",
"word": "-iş"
}
],
"word": "-ie"
}
{
"categories": [
"English back-formations",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/iː",
"Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":from",
"3": "-y<id:adjectival>",
"id": "adjectival",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-g\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_adjectival\">",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nVariant spelling of -y (adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ie"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "adjectival suffix",
"word": "-y"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hug → huggie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -y (adjectival suffix)."
],
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Alternative spelling of -y (adjectival suffix)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "-ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/-iː/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"India",
"New-Zealand",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-i/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"word": "-ie"
}
{
"categories": [
"English back-formations",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/iː",
"Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bf",
"3": "selfie",
"id": "selfie",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nMiddle English self\nEnglish self\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish selfiebf.\nEnglish -ie\n[Appendix:Glossary#back-formation|Back-formation]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*selbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*selbaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i, *-ī\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-j-, *-ij-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-j-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"selfie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ie\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"selfie\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ie\" id=\"English:_selfie\">\nBack-formation from selfie.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nMiddle English self\nEnglish self\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish selfiebf.\nEnglish -ie\nBack-formation from selfie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ee",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ie",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ie"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A photograph, especially a selfie."
],
"links": [
[
"photograph",
"photograph"
],
[
"selfie",
"selfie"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:photograph"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "-ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/-iː/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"India",
"New-Zealand",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-i/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"word": "-ie"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ie meaning in English (19.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.