"-ian" meaning in English

See -ian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /i.ən/, /jən/, /ɪjən/ [British, Southern, Standard], /jən/ [British, Southern, Standard] Audio: en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg [UK], En-us-Ian.oga [General-American] Forms: more -ian [comparative], most -ian [superlative], -ians [plural], -an [alternative], -n [alternative]
Etymology: From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:bor|la:-iānus|id=related to}} [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix forming adjectives", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix forming adjectives", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjective suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-ijos", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-(i)yós", "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ios", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Latin", "term" : "-ios", "lang" : "itc-ola" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ius", "lang" : "la" }, { "id" : "-ian", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-nos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ānos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ānus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-iānus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ian", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="related to" data-lang="en" data-title="-ian" id="English:_related_to">, {{bor|en|la|-iānus}} Latin -iānus Head templates: {{en-adj}} -ian (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ian, superlative most -ian), {{en-noun|s}} -ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)
  1. (as an adjective) From, related to, or like. Tags: morpheme Derived forms (related to): Arthurian, Hermitian, Lipschitzian, Newtonian, utopian, Washingtonian, Wilmingtonian Translations (related to): -скі (-ski) (Belarusian), -ià (Catalan), -ský (Czech), -ký (after s, c or k) (Czech), -isch (Dutch), -ien (French), -ian [masculine] (Galician), -ური (-uri) (Georgian), -ული (-uli) (note: in words ending with -r) (Georgian), -isch (German), -i (Hungarian), -ian (Interlingua), -iano [masculine] (Italian), -iana [feminine] (Italian), -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ) (Old Church Slavonic), -ski (Polish), -ский (-skij) (Russian), -ской (-skoj) (english: when stressed) (Russian), -ец (-ec) (Russian), -и́нец (-ínec) (Russian), -инец (-inec) (Russian), -инка (-inka) [feminine] (Russian), -и́нка (-ínka) [feminine] (Russian), -ईय (-īya) (Sanskrit), -iano [masculine] (Spanish), -iana [feminine] (Spanish), -ський (-sʹkyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en--ian-en-suffix-ZxZsmwFF Categories (other): English terms with collocations, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using catfix, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Interlingua translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sanskrit translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 59 27 14 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 29 8 33 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 62 28 10 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 42 50 8 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 54 36 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 34 25 6 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 29 4 35 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 65 29 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 54 33 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 56 31 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 52 32 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 53 34 13 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 55 31 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 54 33 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 54 32 14 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 54 33 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 55 31 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Interlingua translations: 56 35 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 55 34 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 55 34 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 52 32 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations: 74 23 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 55 31 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 55 34 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Sanskrit translations: 54 33 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 58 33 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 55 33 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 52 32 15 Disambiguation of 'related to': 90 5 5 Disambiguation of 'related to': 90 5 5
  2. (as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like. Tags: morpheme Derived forms (belonging to): magician, physician, politician Related terms: -ienne Translations (belonging to): -скі (-ski) (Belarusian), -ský (Czech), -ký (after s, c or k) (Czech), -ien (French), -ული (-uli) (note: in words ending with -r) (Georgian), -ian (Interlingua), -iano (Italian), -скӣ (Macedonian), -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ) (Old Church Slavonic), -ski (Polish), -ский (-skij) (Russian), -ской (-skoj) (english: when stressed) (Russian), -ец (-ec) (Russian), -и́нец (-ínec) (Russian), -инец (-inec) (Russian), -инка (-inka) [feminine] (Russian), -и́нка (-ínka) [feminine] (Russian), -ईय (-īya) [feminine] (Sanskrit), -ca (Turkish), -ce (Turkish), -ський (-sʹkyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en--ian-en-suffix-EpjLipXm Categories (other): English terms with collocations, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using catfix, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 29 8 33 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 42 50 8 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 34 25 6 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 29 4 35 Disambiguation of 'belonging to': 4 90 6 Coordinate_terms: -al, -an, -ar, -ate, -ese, -ic, -id, -ish, -oid, -ory, -ous, quasi-, -y Disambiguation of 'belonging to': 4 91 6
  3. (as a noun) Having a certain profession. Tags: morpheme Derived forms (having a profession): comedian (english: compare comedienne), musician Translations (having a profession): -iant (Dutch), -ien (French), -ski [masculine, person] (Polish)
    Sense id: en--ian-en-suffix-nMKOCj99 Disambiguation of 'having a profession': 14 8 78 Disambiguation of 'having a profession': 13 8 79
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /i.ən/, /jən/, /ɪjən/ [British, Southern, Standard], /jən/ [British, Southern, Standard] Audio: en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg [UK], En-us-Ian.oga [General-American] Forms: -yan [alternative]
Etymology: From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|hy|-յան}} Armenian -յան (-yan), {{der|en|xcl|-եան}} Old Armenian -եան (-ean) Head templates: {{en-prop}} -ian (proper noun-forming suffix)
  1. A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan). Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ian-en-suffix-nhHRbx6I Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 29 8 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 34 25 6 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 29 4 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-iānus",
      "-ianus#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la:-iānus",
        "id": "related to"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-iānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"related to\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ian\" id=\"English:_related_to\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-iānus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -iānus",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more -ian",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most -ian",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ians",
      "head_nr": 2,
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-an",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-n",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ian (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ian, superlative most -ian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "-ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
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        {
          "_dis": "56 31 13",
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          "_dis": "52 32 15",
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        {
          "_dis": "54 33 13",
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        {
          "_dis": "54 32 14",
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        {
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          "_dis": "52 32 15",
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        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "Arthurian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "Hermitian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "Lipschitzian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "Newtonian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "utopian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "Washingtonian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "Wilmingtonian"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "Madrilenian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From, related to, or like."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "id": "en--ian-en-suffix-ZxZsmwFF",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as an adjective) From, related to, or like."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as an adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "lang_code": "be",
          "roman": "-ski",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-скі"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ià"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "lang_code": "yue",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "related to"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "lang_code": "zh",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "related to"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ský"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-isch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "related to",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "-uri",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "note": "in words ending with -r",
          "roman": "-uli",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ული"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-isch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "lang_code": "ia",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "related to",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-iano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "related to",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-iana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "cu",
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu",
          "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ьскъ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-skij",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "when stressed",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-skoj",
          "sense": "related to",
          "translation": "when stressed",
          "word": "-ской"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ec",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ínec",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-и́нец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-inec",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-инец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-inka",
          "sense": "related to",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-инка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ínka",
          "sense": "related to",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-и́нка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "lang_code": "sa",
          "roman": "-īya",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ईय"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "related to",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-iano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "related to",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-iana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 5 5",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "lang_code": "uk",
          "roman": "-sʹkyj",
          "sense": "related to",
          "word": "-ський"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 29 8 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 50 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 25 6 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 29 4 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-al"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-an"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ate"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-id"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ish"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-oid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ory"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ous"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "quasi-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 6",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "magician"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 6",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "physician"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 6",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "politician"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "Madrilenian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "id": "en--ian-en-suffix-EpjLipXm",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as a noun"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "32 64 4",
          "word": "-ienne"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "lang_code": "be",
          "roman": "-ski",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-скі"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ský"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "note": "in words ending with -r",
          "roman": "-uli",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ული"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "lang_code": "ia",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-iano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-скӣ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "cu",
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu",
          "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ьскъ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-skij",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "when stressed",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-skoj",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "translation": "when stressed",
          "word": "-ской"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ec",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ínec",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-и́нец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-inec",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-инец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-inka",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-инка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ínka",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-и́нка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "lang_code": "sa",
          "roman": "-īya",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ईय"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ca"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ce"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 6",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "lang_code": "uk",
          "roman": "-sʹkyj",
          "sense": "belonging to",
          "word": "-ський"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "14 8 78",
          "english": "compare comedienne",
          "sense": "having a profession",
          "translation": "compare comedienne",
          "word": "comedian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 8 78",
          "sense": "having a profession",
          "word": "musician"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having a certain profession."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "id": "en--ian-en-suffix-nMKOCj99",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as a noun) Having a certain profession."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as a noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 8 79",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "having a profession",
          "word": "-iant"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 8 79",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "having a profession",
          "word": "-ien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 8 79",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "having a profession",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "person"
          ],
          "word": "-ski"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪjən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ian"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-յան",
      "-յան#Armenian"
    ],
    [
      "-եան",
      "-եան#Old_Armenian"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hy",
        "3": "-յան"
      },
      "expansion": "Armenian -յան (-yan)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "-եան"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian -եան (-ean)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-yan",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ian (proper noun-forming suffix)",
      "name": "en-prop"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 29 8 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 25 6 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 29 4 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan)."
      ],
      "id": "en--ian-en-suffix-nhHRbx6I",
      "links": [
        [
          "-յան",
          "-յան#Armenian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪjən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ian"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjective-forming suffixes",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English proper noun-forming suffixes",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms borrowed from Armenian",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Armenian",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old Armenian",
    "English terms derived from Old Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "word": "-an"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ar"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ate"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ic"
    },
    {
      "word": "-id"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ish"
    },
    {
      "word": "-oid"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ory"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ous"
    },
    {
      "word": "quasi-"
    },
    {
      "word": "-y"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "Arthurian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "Hermitian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "Lipschitzian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "Newtonian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "utopian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "Washingtonian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "Wilmingtonian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "magician"
    },
    {
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "physician"
    },
    {
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "politician"
    },
    {
      "english": "compare comedienne",
      "sense": "having a profession",
      "translation": "compare comedienne",
      "word": "comedian"
    },
    {
      "sense": "having a profession",
      "word": "musician"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-iānus",
      "-ianus#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la:-iānus",
        "id": "related to"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-iānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"related to\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ian\" id=\"English:_related_to\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-iānus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -iānus",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more -ian",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most -ian",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ians",
      "head_nr": 2,
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-an",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-n",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ian (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ian, superlative most -ian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "-ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ienne"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "Madrilenian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From, related to, or like."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as an adjective) From, related to, or like."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as an adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "Madrilenian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as a noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having a certain profession."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(as a noun) Having a certain profession."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "as a noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪjən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "roman": "-ski",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-скі"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ià"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "lang_code": "yue",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "related to"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "related to"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ský"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-isch"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ien"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "related to",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ian"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "-uri",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ური"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "note": "in words ending with -r",
      "roman": "-uli",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ული"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-isch"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ian"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "related to",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-iano"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "related to",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-iana"
    },
    {
      "code": "cu",
      "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
      "lang_code": "cu",
      "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ьскъ"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ski"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-skij",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ский"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "when stressed",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-skoj",
      "sense": "related to",
      "translation": "when stressed",
      "word": "-ской"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ec",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ínec",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-и́нец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-inec",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-инец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-inka",
      "sense": "related to",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-инка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ínka",
      "sense": "related to",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-и́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "roman": "-īya",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ईय"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "related to",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-iano"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "related to",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-iana"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "-sʹkyj",
      "sense": "related to",
      "word": "-ський"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "roman": "-ski",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-скі"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ský"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ien"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "note": "in words ending with -r",
      "roman": "-uli",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ული"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ian"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-iano"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-скӣ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cu",
      "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
      "lang_code": "cu",
      "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ьскъ"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ski"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-skij",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ский"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "when stressed",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-skoj",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "translation": "when stressed",
      "word": "-ской"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ec",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ínec",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-и́нец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-inec",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-инец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-inka",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-инка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ínka",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-и́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "roman": "-īya",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ईय"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ca"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ce"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "-sʹkyj",
      "sense": "belonging to",
      "word": "-ський"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "having a profession",
      "word": "-iant"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "having a profession",
      "word": "-ien"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "having a profession",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "person"
      ],
      "word": "-ski"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ian"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper noun-forming suffixes",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms borrowed from Armenian",
    "English terms derived from Armenian",
    "English terms derived from Old Armenian",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "-յան",
      "-յան#Armenian"
    ],
    [
      "-եան",
      "-եան#Old_Armenian"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hy",
        "3": "-յան"
      },
      "expansion": "Armenian -յան (-yan)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "-եան"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian -եան (-ean)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-yan",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ian (proper noun-forming suffix)",
      "name": "en-prop"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-յան",
          "-յան#Armenian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.ən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪjən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jən/",
      "tags": [
        "British",
        "Southern",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ian"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ian meaning in English (15.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-ian"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ian",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-ian"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ian",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: proper noun-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-ian"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ian",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
  "msg": "-ian/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"lang_code\": \"yue\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"related to\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ian",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
  "msg": "-ian/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"related to\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ian",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.