See -ian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-iānus",
"-ianus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
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"args": {
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-iānus",
"id": "related to"
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"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-iānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -iānus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ians",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
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{
"form": "-n",
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"alternative"
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}
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},
"expansion": "-ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)",
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"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
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"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Arthurian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Hermitian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Lipschitzian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Newtonian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "utopian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Washingtonian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Wilmingtonian"
}
],
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{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
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"glosses": [
"From, related to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-ZxZsmwFF",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an adjective) From, related to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ià"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "zh",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "related to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ський"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ate"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-id"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-oid"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ory"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ous"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "quasi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-y"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "4 90 6",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "magician"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 6",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "physician"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 6",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "politician"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-EpjLipXm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ienne"
}
],
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"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ce"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ський"
}
]
},
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "14 8 78",
"english": "compare comedienne",
"sense": "having a profession",
"translation": "compare comedienne",
"word": "comedian"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 8 78",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "musician"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a certain profession."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-nMKOCj99",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) Having a certain profession."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 8 79",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-iant"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 8 79",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 8 79",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "-ski"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
],
[
"-եան",
"-եան#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hy",
"3": "-յան"
},
"expansion": "Armenian -յան (-yan)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xcl",
"3": "-եան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -եան (-ean)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ian (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 8 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 25 6 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 29 4 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan)."
],
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-nhHRbx6I",
"links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English proper noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Armenian",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Armenian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old Armenian",
"English terms derived from Old Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-al"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-ate"
},
{
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"word": "-id"
},
{
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"word": "-oid"
},
{
"word": "-ory"
},
{
"word": "-ous"
},
{
"word": "quasi-"
},
{
"word": "-y"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Arthurian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Hermitian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Lipschitzian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Newtonian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "utopian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Washingtonian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Wilmingtonian"
},
{
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "magician"
},
{
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "physician"
},
{
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "politician"
},
{
"english": "compare comedienne",
"sense": "having a profession",
"translation": "compare comedienne",
"word": "comedian"
},
{
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "musician"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-iānus",
"-ianus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-iānus",
"id": "related to"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-iānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"related to\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ian\" id=\"English:_related_to\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-iānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -iānus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ians",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ian (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ian, superlative most -ian)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ienne"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From, related to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an adjective) From, related to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having a certain profession."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) Having a certain profession."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
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{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ià"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "zh",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "related to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ський"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скӣ"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ce"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ський"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-iant"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "-ski"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Armenian",
"English terms derived from Armenian",
"English terms derived from Old Armenian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
],
[
"-եան",
"-եան#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hy",
"3": "-յան"
},
"expansion": "Armenian -յան (-yan)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xcl",
"3": "-եան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -եան (-ean)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ian (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan)."
],
"links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ian meaning in English (15.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ian"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ian"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: proper noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ian"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "-ian/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"lang_code\": \"yue\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"related to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "-ian/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"related to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.