"-n" meaning in English

See -n in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -n, from Old English -n, rare alternative form of Old English -en (“-en”). More at -en. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-n}} Middle English -n, {{inh|en|ang|-n}} Old English -n, {{cog|ang|-en|t=-en}} Old English -en (“-en”) Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -n, {{en-suffix}} -n
  1. Alternative form of -en Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -en
    Sense id: en--n-en-suffix-ISKI1Aka
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: Etymology tree Middle English -n English -n Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|inh|enm>-n>pertaining to|id=pertaining to|tree=1}} Etymology tree Middle English -n English -n Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=adjective-forming suffixes|cat3=noun-forming suffixes|head=|id=}} -n, {{en-suffix|cat2=adjective-forming suffixes|cat3=noun-forming suffixes}} -n
  1. Alternative form of -an, adjective or noun suffix meaning "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a. Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -an (extra: "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a), adjective or noun suffix meaning (extra: "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a)
    Sense id: en--n-en-suffix-en:an Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs, English entries with etymology trees Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 17 68 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -n, -en, from Old English -n, -en and Old Norse -inn, both from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, *-inaz, past participle ending of strong verbs. Cognate with Dutch -en, German -en, Swedish -en, Icelandic -inn. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-n}} Middle English -n, {{inh|en|ang|-n}} Old English -n, {{der|en|non|-inn}} Old Norse -inn, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*-anaz}} Proto-Germanic *-anaz, {{cog|nl|-en}} Dutch -en, {{cog|de|-en}} German -en, {{cog|sv|-en}} Swedish -en, {{cog|is|-inn}} Icelandic -inn Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -n, {{en-suffix}} -n
  1. Alternative form of -en (past participle ending) Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -en (extra: past participle ending)
    Sense id: en--n-en-suffix-en:past_participle
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-en",
        "t": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -en (“-en”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -n, from Old English -n, rare alternative form of Old English -en (“-en”). More at -en.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-en"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "silver + -n → silvern",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -en"
      ],
      "id": "en--n-en-suffix-ISKI1Aka",
      "links": [
        [
          "-en",
          "-en#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "enm>-n>pertaining to",
        "id": "pertaining to",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English -n\nEnglish -n",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English -n\nEnglish -n",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "\"of or pertaining to\", used with words which already end in a",
          "word": "-an"
        },
        {
          "extra": "\"of or pertaining to\", used with words which already end in a",
          "word": "adjective or noun suffix meaning"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 68 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
          "parents": [
            "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with etymology trees",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Java + -n → Javan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Burma + -n → Burman",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Minnesota + -n → Minnesotan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Russia + -n → Russian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -an, adjective or noun suffix meaning \"of or pertaining to\", used with words which already end in a."
      ],
      "id": "en--n-en-suffix-en:an",
      "links": [
        [
          "-an",
          "-an#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:an"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "-inn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-anaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -en",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "German -en",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -en",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-inn"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic -inn",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -n, -en, from Old English -n, -en and Old Norse -inn, both from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, *-inaz, past participle ending of strong verbs. Cognate with Dutch -en, German -en, Swedish -en, Icelandic -inn.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "past participle ending",
          "word": "-en"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "grow + -n → grown",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "show + -n → shown",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "slow + -n → slown",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -en (past participle ending)"
      ],
      "id": "en--n-en-suffix-en:past_participle",
      "links": [
        [
          "-en",
          "-en#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:past participle"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 22 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-en",
        "t": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -en (“-en”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -n, from Old English -n, rare alternative form of Old English -en (“-en”). More at -en.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-en"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "silver + -n → silvern",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -en"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-en",
          "-en#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjective-forming suffixes",
    "English entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 22 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "enm>-n>pertaining to",
        "id": "pertaining to",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English -n\nEnglish -n",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English -n\nEnglish -n",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "\"of or pertaining to\", used with words which already end in a",
          "word": "-an"
        },
        {
          "extra": "\"of or pertaining to\", used with words which already end in a",
          "word": "adjective or noun suffix meaning"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Java + -n → Javan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Burma + -n → Burman",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Minnesota + -n → Minnesotan",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Russia + -n → Russian",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -an, adjective or noun suffix meaning \"of or pertaining to\", used with words which already end in a."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-an",
          "-an#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:an"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 22 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-n"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -n",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "-inn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-anaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-anaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch -en",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "German -en",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-en"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish -en",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-inn"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic -inn",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -n, -en, from Old English -n, -en and Old Norse -inn, both from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, *-inaz, past participle ending of strong verbs. Cognate with Dutch -en, German -en, Swedish -en, Icelandic -inn.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-n",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "past participle ending",
          "word": "-en"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "grow + -n → grown",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "show + -n → shown",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "slow + -n → slown",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -en (past participle ending)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-en",
          "-en#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:past participle"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -n meaning in English (5.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.