"-ese" meaning in English

See -ese in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ˈiːz/ [UK], /ˈiz/ [US]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Germanic *-iskaz Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor. Late Latin -iscus Vulgar Latin -iscus Latin -ēnsis Old French -eisbor. Middle English -eys English -ese From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:-eys<id:-eys enm>|id=-ese en|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Germanic *-iskaz Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor. Late Latin -iscus Vulgar Latin -iscus Latin -ēnsis Old French -eisbor. Middle English -eys English -ese, {{inh|en|enm|-eys}} Middle English -eys, {{der|en|fro|-eis}} Old French -eis, {{der|en|la|-ēnsis}} Latin -ēnsis, {{der|en|LL.|-iscus}} Late Latin -iscus, {{der|en|it|-}} Italian, {{der|en|pt|-}} Portuguese Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ese, {{en-suffix}} -ese
  1. Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -ish, -an, -ian, -ic, -ite, -i Related terms: -ess Translations (forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place): -ees (Afrikaans), -isht (Albanian), ـِيّ (-iyy) (Arabic), -és [masculine] (Aragonese), -esa [feminine] (Aragonese), -és [masculine] (Asturian), -esa [feminine] (Asturian), -cə (Azerbaijani), -ca (after vowel a/ı/o/u) (Azerbaijani), -era (note: for languages) (Basque), -tar (note: for persons) (Basque), -dar (note: for persons) (Basque), -ски (-ski) (note: for adjectives) (Bulgarian), -ès [masculine] (Catalan), -esa [feminine] (Catalan), -és [Valencian, masculine] (Catalan), -esa [Valencian, feminine] (Catalan), -ese (Corsican), -ština [feminine] (Czech), -čtina [feminine] (Czech), -ský [masculine] (Czech), -ská [feminine] (Czech), -esisk (Danish), -ees (Dutch), -ano (Esperanto), -és [masculine] (Extremaduran), -ano [masculine] (Fala), -ana [feminine] (Fala), -és [masculine] (Fala), -skur (Faroese), -iskur (Faroese), -lainen (note: persons or adjectives) (Finnish), -ais (French), -ois (French), -ês (Friulian), -és [masculine] (Galician), -esa [feminine] (Galician), -esu [masculine] (Gallurese), -esa [feminine] (Gallurese), -ური (-uri) (Georgian), -ული (-uli) (note: in words ending in -r) (Georgian), -isch (note: for adjectives and languages) (German), -ese (German), -er (note: for persons) (German), -ικός (-ikós) (Greek), -i (Hungarian), -skur (Icelandic), -iskur (note: for adjectives) (Icelandic), -ska (note: for languages) (Icelandic), -ese (Interlingua), -ano [masculine] (Interlingua), -ana [feminine] (Interlingua), -ach (Irish), -each (Irish), -is (note: for languages) (Irish), -ese (Italian), -ano [masculine] (Italian), -ana [feminine] (Italian), -ensis (Latin), -ita (Latin), -ites (Latin), -anus (Latin), -inus (Latin), -ius (Latin), -ietis (Latvian), -iete [feminine] (Latvian), -isks (Latvian), -és (Leonese), -esa [feminine] (Leonese), -ski (note: for adjectives) (Lower Sorbian), -esch (Luxembourgish), -ски (-ski) (note: for adjectives) (Macedonian), -és [masculine] (Mirandese), -esa [feminine] (Mirandese), -î (ku) (Northern Kurdish), -yî (ku) (note: after vowel-final words) (Northern Kurdish), -és [masculine] (Occitan), -esa [feminine] (Occitan), -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ) (Old Church Slavonic), -ски (-ski) [masculine] (Pannonian Rusyn), -скова (-skova) [feminine] (Pannonian Rusyn), -цки (-cki) (alt: after words or roots ending in -к, -ґ, -т, or -ц) (Pannonian Rusyn), -ی (Persian), -cki (Polish), -ski (Polish), -ês (Portuguese), -esa [feminine] (Portuguese), -ano [masculine] (Portuguese), -ana [feminine] (Portuguese), -esc [masculine] (Romanian), -ească [feminine] (Romanian), -ский (-skij) [adjective] (Russian), -ец (-ec) [masculine, noun] (Russian), -ка (-ka) [feminine, noun] (Russian), -ईय (-īya) [feminine] (Sanskrit), -esu [masculine] (Sardinian), -esa [feminine] (Sardinian), -esu [masculine] (Sassarese), -esa [feminine] (Sassarese), -ach (Scottish Gaelic), -each (Scottish Gaelic), -ски (note: for adjectives) (Serbo-Croatian), -isi (Sicilian), -anu (Sicilian), -ský [masculine] (Slovak), -ská [feminine] (Slovak), -ski (note: for adjectives) (Slovene), -és [masculine] (Spanish), -esa [feminine] (Spanish), -ense (Spanish), -ano [masculine] (Spanish), -ana [feminine] (Spanish), -ano [masculine] (Tagalog), -ana [feminine] (Tagalog), bilong (Tok Pisin), -li (Turkish), -lu (Turkish), -lü (Turkish), -ський (-sʹkyj) (Ukrainian), -ès (Walloon), -eg (note: for languages) (Welsh), -aidd (english: other senses) (Welsh)
    Sense id: en--ese-en-suffix-LOUM~w8E Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, Pages with 4 entries, Terms with Aragonese translations, Terms with Faroese translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 49 51 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 32 33 17 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Aragonese translations: 50 50 Disambiguation of Terms with Faroese translations: 53 47 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 59 41 Derived forms (Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region): Algherese, Ambonese, Amoyese, Andamanese, Annamese, Annobonese, Aragonese, Assamese, Auvergnese, Balinese, Beninese, Berlinese, Bhutanese, Brooklynese, Burmese, Canarese, Cantonese, Chinese, Congolese, Dublinese, East Timorese, Faroese, Foochowese, Foochownese, Fukienese, Gabonese, Genoese, Gilbertese, Guyanese, Hainanese, Hoisanese, Japanese, Javanese, Katangese, Kinmenese, Lebanese, Macanese, Maltese, Marshallese, Milanese, Nepalese, Nipponese, Parmese, Pekingese, Piedmontese, Pitcairnese, Pittsburghese, Portuguese, Reunionese, Runyonese, Rwandese, Saigonese, Senegalese, Sentinelese, Shanghainese, Siamese, Sikkimese, Sudanese, Sundanese, Surinamese, Taishanese, Taiwanese, Timese, Togolese, Toisanese, Toishanese, Viennese, Vietnamese, Wenchowese Disambiguation of 'Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region': 89 11 Disambiguation of 'forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place': 65 35
  2. Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -speak Translations (forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession): -i (Hungarian), -beli (Hungarian), -ese (Interlingua)
    Sense id: en--ese-en-suffix-MGuo-SUl Categories (other): English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using catfix, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Terms with Afrikaans translations, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Aragonese translations, Terms with Asturian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Basque translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Corsican translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Extremaduran translations, Terms with Fala translations, Terms with Faroese translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Friulian translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Gallurese translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Interlingua translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Leonese translations, Terms with Lower Sorbian translations, Terms with Luxembourgish translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Mirandese translations, Terms with Northern Kurdish translations, Terms with Occitan translations, Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations, Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sanskrit translations, Terms with Sardinian translations, Terms with Sassarese translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Sicilian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Tok Pisin translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Walloon translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 49 51 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 43 57 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 31 69 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 14 45 30 11 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 32 33 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 35 22 20 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Afrikaans translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 42 58 Disambiguation of Terms with Aragonese translations: 50 50 Disambiguation of Terms with Asturian translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 42 58 Disambiguation of Terms with Basque translations: 35 65 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 41 59 Disambiguation of Terms with Corsican translations: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 31 69 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Extremaduran translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Fala translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Faroese translations: 53 47 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 35 65 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Friulian translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Gallurese translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 44 56 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 43 57 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Interlingua translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 42 58 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 42 58 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 41 59 Disambiguation of Terms with Leonese translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Lower Sorbian translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Luxembourgish translations: 35 65 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Mirandese translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Northern Kurdish translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Occitan translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations: 23 77 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 43 57 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Sanskrit translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Sardinian translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Sassarese translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Sicilian translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 41 59 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Tok Pisin translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Walloon translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 40 60 Derived forms (Nouns denoting jargon): academese, Americanese, bureaucratese, Christianese, corporatese, diplomatese, fatherese, headlinese, Hollywoodese, idiotese, initialese, journalese, lawyerese, legalese, managementese, marketese, medicalese, mentalese, motherese, newspaperese, officialese, parentese, patentese, psychologese, signalese, tabloidese, teacherese, telegraphese, textese, translatese, translationese, translatorese, typoese, Voynichese Disambiguation of 'Nouns denoting jargon': 38 62 Disambiguation of 'forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession': 20 80
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:-eys<id:-eys enm>",
        "id": "-ese en",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-iskbor.\nLate Latin -iscus\nVulgar Latin -iscus\nLatin -ēnsis\nOld French -eisbor.\nMiddle English -eys\nEnglish -ese",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-eys"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -eys",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-eis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -eis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-iscus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -iscus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-iskbor.\nLate Latin -iscus\nVulgar Latin -iscus\nLatin -ēnsis\nOld French -eisbor.\nMiddle English -eys\nEnglish -ese\nFrom Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 33 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Aragonese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Algherese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Ambonese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Amoyese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Andamanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Annamese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Annobonese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Aragonese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Assamese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Auvergnese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Balinese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Beninese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Berlinese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Bhutanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Brooklynese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Burmese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Canarese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Cantonese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Chinese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Congolese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Dublinese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "East Timorese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Faroese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Foochowese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Foochownese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Fukienese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Gabonese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Genoese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Gilbertese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Guyanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Hainanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Hoisanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Japanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Javanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Katangese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Kinmenese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Lebanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Macanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Maltese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Marshallese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Milanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Nepalese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Nipponese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Parmese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Pekingese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Piedmontese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Pitcairnese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Pittsburghese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Portuguese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Reunionese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Runyonese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Rwandese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Saigonese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Senegalese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Sentinelese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Shanghainese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Siamese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Sikkimese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Sudanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Sundanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Surinamese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Taishanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Taiwanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Timese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Togolese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Toisanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Toishanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Viennese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Vietnamese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 11",
          "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
          "word": "Wenchowese"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Faroese, Maltese, Milanese, Parmese, Portuguese, Viennese; Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese; Beninese, Congolese, Togolese"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people."
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-en-suffix-LOUM~w8E",
      "links": [
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "59 41",
          "word": "-ess"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-ish"
        },
        {
          "word": "-an"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ian"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ic"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ite"
        },
        {
          "word": "-i"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "lang_code": "af",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ees"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "lang_code": "sq",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-isht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "-iyy",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "ـِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "an",
          "lang": "Aragonese",
          "lang_code": "an",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "an",
          "lang": "Aragonese",
          "lang_code": "an",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "lang_code": "ast",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "lang_code": "ast",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "lang_code": "az",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-cə"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "lang_code": "az",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ca (after vowel a/ı/o/u)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "lang_code": "eu",
          "note": "for languages",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-era"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "lang_code": "eu",
          "note": "for persons",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-tar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "lang_code": "eu",
          "note": "for persons",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-dar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "note": "for adjectives",
          "roman": "-ski",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ès"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "Valencian",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "Valencian",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "lang_code": "yue",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "lang_code": "zh",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "co",
          "lang": "Corsican",
          "lang_code": "co",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ština"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-čtina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ský"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ská"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-esisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ees"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "lang_code": "eo",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ext",
          "lang": "Extremaduran",
          "lang_code": "ext",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fax",
          "lang": "Fala",
          "lang_code": "fax",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fax",
          "lang": "Fala",
          "lang_code": "fax",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fax",
          "lang": "Fala",
          "lang_code": "fax",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-skur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-iskur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "note": "persons or adjectives",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-lainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ais"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fur",
          "lang": "Friulian",
          "lang_code": "fur",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sdn",
          "lang": "Gallurese",
          "lang_code": "sdn",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-esu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sdn",
          "lang": "Gallurese",
          "lang_code": "sdn",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "-uri",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "note": "in words ending in -r",
          "roman": "-uli",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ული"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "note": "for adjectives and languages",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-isch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "note": "for persons",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-er"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "-ikós",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-skur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "note": "for adjectives",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-iskur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "note": "for languages",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ska"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "lang_code": "ia",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "lang_code": "ia",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "lang_code": "ia",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-each"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "note": "for languages",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-is"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ensis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ites"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-anus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-inus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ius"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ietis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-iete"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-isks"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "roa-leo",
          "lang": "Leonese",
          "lang_code": "roa-leo",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "roa-leo",
          "lang": "Leonese",
          "lang_code": "roa-leo",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "dsb",
          "note": "for adjectives",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "lang_code": "lb",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-esch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "note": "for adjectives",
          "roman": "-ski",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "mwl",
          "lang": "Mirandese",
          "lang_code": "mwl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "mwl",
          "lang": "Mirandese",
          "lang_code": "mwl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "lang_code": "kmr",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-î (ku)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "lang_code": "kmr",
          "note": "after vowel-final words",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-yî (ku)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "lang_code": "oc",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "lang_code": "oc",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cu",
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu",
          "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ьскъ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "rsk",
          "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
          "lang_code": "rsk",
          "roman": "-ski",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "rsk",
          "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
          "lang_code": "rsk",
          "roman": "-skova",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-скова"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "alt": "after words or roots ending in -к, -ґ, -т, or -ц",
          "code": "rsk",
          "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
          "lang_code": "rsk",
          "roman": "-cki",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-цки"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-cki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-esc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ească"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-skij",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "-ский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ec",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "-ka",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "lang_code": "sa",
          "roman": "-īya",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ईय"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Sardinian",
          "lang_code": "sc",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-esu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Sardinian",
          "lang_code": "sc",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sdc",
          "lang": "Sassarese",
          "lang_code": "sdc",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-esu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sdc",
          "lang": "Sassarese",
          "lang_code": "sdc",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-each"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "note": "for adjectives",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "lang_code": "scn",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-isi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "lang_code": "scn",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-anu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ský"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ská"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "lang_code": "sl",
          "note": "for adjectives",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ense"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "lang_code": "tl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "lang_code": "tl",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "tpi",
          "lang": "Tok Pisin",
          "lang_code": "tpi",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "bilong"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-li"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "note": "(preceding vowel a/ı, o/u, ö/ü respectively:) -lı",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-lu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-lü"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "lang_code": "uk",
          "roman": "-sʹkyj",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ський"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "lang_code": "wa",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ès"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "lang_code": "cy",
          "note": "for languages",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-eg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 35",
          "code": "cy",
          "english": "other senses",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "lang_code": "cy",
          "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
          "translation": "other senses",
          "word": "-aidd"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 45 30 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 33 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 35 22 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Aragonese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Basque translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Extremaduran translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Fala translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Leonese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mirandese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "academese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "Americanese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "bureaucratese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "Christianese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "corporatese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "diplomatese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "fatherese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "headlinese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "Hollywoodese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "idiotese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "initialese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "journalese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "lawyerese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "legalese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "managementese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "marketese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "medicalese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "mentalese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "motherese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "newspaperese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "officialese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "parentese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "patentese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "psychologese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "signalese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "tabloidese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "teacherese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "telegraphese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "textese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "translatese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "translationese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "translatorese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "typoese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
          "word": "Voynichese"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "journal + -ese → journalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "legal + -ese → legalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "translation + -ese → translationese",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context."
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-en-suffix-MGuo-SUl",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "jargon",
          "jargon#English"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ],
        [
          "profession",
          "profession#English"
        ],
        [
          "being",
          "being#English"
        ],
        [
          "context",
          "context#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-speak"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "20 80",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 80",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-beli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 80",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "lang_code": "ia",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-ese"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːz/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiz/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/is/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Italian",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Portuguese",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Requests for review of Belarusian translations",
    "Requests for review of Corsican translations",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Aragonese translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Basque translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Corsican translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Extremaduran translations",
    "Terms with Fala translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Friulian translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Gallurese translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Leonese translations",
    "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
    "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mirandese translations",
    "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
    "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
    "Terms with Sardinian translations",
    "Terms with Sassarese translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Sicilian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Walloon translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Algherese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Ambonese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Amoyese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Andamanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Annamese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Annobonese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Aragonese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Assamese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Auvergnese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Balinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Beninese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Berlinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Bhutanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Brooklynese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Burmese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Canarese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Cantonese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Chinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Congolese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Dublinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "East Timorese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Faroese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Foochowese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Foochownese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Fukienese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Gabonese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Genoese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Gilbertese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Guyanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Hainanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Hoisanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Japanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Javanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Katangese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Kinmenese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Lebanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Macanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Maltese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Marshallese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Milanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Nepalese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Nipponese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Parmese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Pekingese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Piedmontese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Pitcairnese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Pittsburghese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Portuguese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Reunionese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Runyonese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Rwandese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Saigonese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Senegalese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Sentinelese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Shanghainese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Siamese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Sikkimese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Sudanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Sundanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Surinamese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Taishanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Taiwanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Timese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Togolese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Toisanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Toishanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Viennese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Vietnamese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Adjectives and nouns describing characteristics of a region",
      "word": "Wenchowese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "academese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "Americanese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "bureaucratese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "Christianese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "corporatese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "diplomatese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "fatherese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "headlinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "Hollywoodese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "idiotese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "initialese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "journalese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "lawyerese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "legalese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "managementese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "marketese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "medicalese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "mentalese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "motherese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "newspaperese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "officialese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "parentese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "patentese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "psychologese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "signalese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "tabloidese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "teacherese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "telegraphese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "textese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "translatese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "translationese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "translatorese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "typoese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nouns denoting jargon",
      "word": "Voynichese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:-eys<id:-eys enm>",
        "id": "-ese en",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-iskbor.\nLate Latin -iscus\nVulgar Latin -iscus\nLatin -ēnsis\nOld French -eisbor.\nMiddle English -eys\nEnglish -ese",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-eys"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -eys",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-eis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -eis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-iscus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -iscus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-iskbor.\nLate Latin -iscus\nVulgar Latin -iscus\nLatin -ēnsis\nOld French -eisbor.\nMiddle English -eys\nEnglish -ese\nFrom Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ess"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Faroese, Maltese, Milanese, Parmese, Portuguese, Viennese; Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese; Beninese, Congolese, Togolese"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-ish"
        },
        {
          "word": "-an"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ian"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ic"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ite"
        },
        {
          "word": "-i"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "journal + -ese → journalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "legal + -ese → legalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "translation + -ese → translationese",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "jargon",
          "jargon#English"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ],
        [
          "profession",
          "profession#English"
        ],
        [
          "being",
          "being#English"
        ],
        [
          "context",
          "context#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-speak"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiːz/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈiz/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/is/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ees"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-isht"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "-iyy",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "ـِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "an",
      "lang": "Aragonese",
      "lang_code": "an",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "an",
      "lang": "Aragonese",
      "lang_code": "an",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-cə"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ca (after vowel a/ı/o/u)"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "note": "for languages",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-era"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "note": "for persons",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-tar"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "note": "for persons",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-dar"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "note": "for adjectives",
      "roman": "-ski",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ски"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ès"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "Valencian",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "Valencian",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "lang_code": "yue",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place"
    },
    {
      "code": "co",
      "lang": "Corsican",
      "lang_code": "co",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ština"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-čtina"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ský"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ská"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-esisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ees"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ano"
    },
    {
      "code": "ext",
      "lang": "Extremaduran",
      "lang_code": "ext",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "fax",
      "lang": "Fala",
      "lang_code": "fax",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ano"
    },
    {
      "code": "fax",
      "lang": "Fala",
      "lang_code": "fax",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ana"
    },
    {
      "code": "fax",
      "lang": "Fala",
      "lang_code": "fax",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-skur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-iskur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "note": "persons or adjectives",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-lainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ais"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ois"
    },
    {
      "code": "fur",
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "lang_code": "fur",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ês"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdn",
      "lang": "Gallurese",
      "lang_code": "sdn",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-esu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdn",
      "lang": "Gallurese",
      "lang_code": "sdn",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "-uri",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ური"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "note": "in words ending in -r",
      "roman": "-uli",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ული"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "note": "for adjectives and languages",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-isch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "note": "for persons",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-er"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "-ikós",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-skur"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "note": "for adjectives",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-iskur"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "note": "for languages",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ska"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ano"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ana"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-each"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "note": "for languages",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-is"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ano"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ana"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ensis"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ita"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ites"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-anus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-inus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ius"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ietis"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-iete"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-isks"
    },
    {
      "code": "roa-leo",
      "lang": "Leonese",
      "lang_code": "roa-leo",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "roa-leo",
      "lang": "Leonese",
      "lang_code": "roa-leo",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "lang_code": "dsb",
      "note": "for adjectives",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ski"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "lang_code": "lb",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-esch"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "note": "for adjectives",
      "roman": "-ski",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ски"
    },
    {
      "code": "mwl",
      "lang": "Mirandese",
      "lang_code": "mwl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "mwl",
      "lang": "Mirandese",
      "lang_code": "mwl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "lang_code": "kmr",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-î (ku)"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "lang_code": "kmr",
      "note": "after vowel-final words",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-yî (ku)"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "lang_code": "oc",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "lang_code": "oc",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "cu",
      "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
      "lang_code": "cu",
      "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ьскъ"
    },
    {
      "code": "rsk",
      "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
      "lang_code": "rsk",
      "roman": "-ski",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ски"
    },
    {
      "code": "rsk",
      "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
      "lang_code": "rsk",
      "roman": "-skova",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-скова"
    },
    {
      "alt": "after words or roots ending in -к, -ґ, -т, or -ц",
      "code": "rsk",
      "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
      "lang_code": "rsk",
      "roman": "-cki",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-цки"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-cki"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ski"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ês"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ano"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ana"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-esc"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ească"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-skij",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "-ский"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ec",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "-ец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "-ka",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "-ка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "roman": "-īya",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ईय"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-esu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdc",
      "lang": "Sassarese",
      "lang_code": "sdc",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-esu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdc",
      "lang": "Sassarese",
      "lang_code": "sdc",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ach"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-each"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "note": "for adjectives",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ски"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-isi"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-anu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ský"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ská"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "note": "for adjectives",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ski"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ense"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ano"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ana"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ano"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ana"
    },
    {
      "code": "tpi",
      "lang": "Tok Pisin",
      "lang_code": "tpi",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "bilong"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-li"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "note": "(preceding vowel a/ı, o/u, ö/ü respectively:) -lı",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-lu"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-lü"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "-sʹkyj",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ський"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "lang_code": "wa",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ès"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "note": "for languages",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-eg"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "english": "other senses",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "sense": "forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place",
      "translation": "other senses",
      "word": "-aidd"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-beli"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-ese"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ese meaning in English (38.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
  "msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
  "path": [
    "-ese"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
  "msg": "-ese/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"lang_code\": \"yue\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
  "msg": "-ese/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
  "msg": "-ese/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"lang_code\": \"tr\", \"note\": \"(preceding vowel a/ı, o/u, ö/ü respectively:) -lı\", \"sense\": \"forming adjectives or nouns describing things or people characteristic of a particular place\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-01 using wiktextract (2c28785 and a050b89). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.