"-ese" meaning in English

See -ese in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /iːz/ [UK], /iz/ [US], /is/ [US]
Etymology: From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis (in some cases from Late Latin -iscus). Compare Italian -ese. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-eys}} Middle English -eys, {{der|en|fro|-eis}} Old French -eis, {{der|en|la|-ēnsis}} Latin -ēnsis, {{der|en|LL.|-iscus}} Late Latin -iscus Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ese, {{en-suffix}} -ese
  1. Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people. Tags: morpheme Translations (forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place): -ees (Afrikaans), ـِيّ (-iyy) (Arabic), -ès [masculine] (Catalan), -esa [feminine] (Catalan), -és [Valencian, masculine] (Catalan), -esa [Valencian, feminine] (Catalan), -ština [feminine] (Czech), -čtina (Czech), -ees (Dutch), -ais (French), -ois (French), -és [masculine] (Galician), -esa [feminine] (Galician), -ური (-uri) (Georgian), -ული (-uli) (note: in words ending in -r) (Georgian), -isch (German), -i (Hungarian), -ese (Interlingua), -ese (Italian), -ensis (Latin), -ita (Latin), -ites (Latin), -anus (Latin), -inus (Latin), -ius (Latin), -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ) (Old Church Slavonic), -ی (Persian), -ês (Portuguese), -ский (-skij) [adjective] (Russian), -ец (-ec) [masculine, noun] (Russian), -ка (-ka) [feminine, noun] (Russian), -ईय (-īya) [feminine] (Sanskrit), -és [masculine] (Spanish), -esa [feminine] (Spanish), bilong (Tok Pisin), -ський (-sʹkyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en--ese-en-suffix-LOUM~w8E Disambiguation of 'forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place': 66 34
  2. Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -speak Translations (forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession): -i (Hungarian), -beli (Hungarian), -ese (Interlingua)
    Sense id: en--ese-en-suffix-MGuo-SUl Disambiguation of 'forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession': 19 81
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ess

Download JSON data for -ese meaning in English (13.2kB)

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Algherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Ambonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Andamanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Annamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Annobonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Aragonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Assamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Auvergnese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Balinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Beninese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Berlinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Bhutanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Brooklynese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Burmese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Canarese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Cantonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Chinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Congolese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Dublinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "East Timorese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Faroese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Gabonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Genoese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Gilbertese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Guyanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Hainanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Hoisanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Japanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Javanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Katangese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Kinmenese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Lebanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Maltese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Marshallese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Milanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Nepalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Nipponese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Parmese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Pekingese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Piedmontese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Pitcairnese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Pittsburghese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Portuguese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Reunionese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Runyonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Rwandese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Senegalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Sentinelese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Shanghainese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Siamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Sikkimese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Sudanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Sundanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Surinamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Taishanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Taiwanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Timese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Togolese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Toisanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Viennese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Vietnamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Xinjiangese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "academese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Americanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "bureaucratese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Christianese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "corporatese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "diplomatese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "fatherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "headlinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Hollywoodese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "idiotese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "initialese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "journalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "lawyerese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "legalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "managementese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "marketese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "medicalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "mentalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "motherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "newspaperese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "officialese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "parentese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "patentese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "psychologese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "signalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "tabloidese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "teacherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "telegraphese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "textese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "translatese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "translationese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "translatorese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "typoese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "Voynichese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-eys"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -eys",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-eis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -eis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-iscus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -iscus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis (in some cases from Late Latin -iscus). Compare Italian -ese.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51",
      "word": "-ess"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Viennese waltz (sausage, etc), Maltese falcon, Chinese, Togolese, Beninese, Congolese, Milanese, Parmese, Japanese, Faroese, Portuguese, Vietnamese"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people."
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-en-suffix-LOUM~w8E",
      "links": [
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ees"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "-iyy",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "ـِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ès"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "Valencian",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "Valencian",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ština"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-čtina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ees"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ais"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "-uri",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "note": "in words ending in -r",
          "roman": "-uli",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ული"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-isch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ensis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ites"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-anus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-inus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ius"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "cu",
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ьскъ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-skij",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "-ский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-ec",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-ka",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "-īya",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ईय"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "tpi",
          "lang": "Tok Pisin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "bilong"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "66 34",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "-sʹkyj",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ський"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "journal + -ese → journalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "legal + -ese → legalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "translation + -ese → translationese",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context."
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-en-suffix-MGuo-SUl",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "jargon",
          "jargon#English"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ],
        [
          "profession",
          "profession#English"
        ],
        [
          "being",
          "being#English"
        ],
        [
          "context",
          "context#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-speak"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "19 81",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 81",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-beli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 81",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-ese"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iːz/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iz/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/is/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Algherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ambonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Andamanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Annamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Annobonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Aragonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Assamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Auvergnese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Balinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Beninese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Berlinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Bhutanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Brooklynese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Burmese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Canarese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Cantonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Congolese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Dublinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "East Timorese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Faroese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Gabonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Genoese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Gilbertese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Guyanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hainanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hoisanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Japanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Javanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Katangese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kinmenese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Lebanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Maltese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Marshallese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Milanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nepalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nipponese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Parmese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pekingese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Piedmontese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pitcairnese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pittsburghese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Portuguese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Reunionese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Runyonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rwandese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Senegalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sentinelese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Shanghainese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Siamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sikkimese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sudanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sundanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Surinamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Taishanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Taiwanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Timese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Togolese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Toisanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Viennese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Vietnamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Xinjiangese"
    },
    {
      "word": "academese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Americanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "bureaucratese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Christianese"
    },
    {
      "word": "corporatese"
    },
    {
      "word": "diplomatese"
    },
    {
      "word": "fatherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "headlinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hollywoodese"
    },
    {
      "word": "idiotese"
    },
    {
      "word": "initialese"
    },
    {
      "word": "journalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "lawyerese"
    },
    {
      "word": "legalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "managementese"
    },
    {
      "word": "marketese"
    },
    {
      "word": "medicalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "mentalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "motherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "newspaperese"
    },
    {
      "word": "officialese"
    },
    {
      "word": "parentese"
    },
    {
      "word": "patentese"
    },
    {
      "word": "psychologese"
    },
    {
      "word": "signalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "tabloidese"
    },
    {
      "word": "teacherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "telegraphese"
    },
    {
      "word": "textese"
    },
    {
      "word": "translatese"
    },
    {
      "word": "translationese"
    },
    {
      "word": "translatorese"
    },
    {
      "word": "typoese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Voynichese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-eys"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -eys",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-eis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -eis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-iscus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -iscus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis (in some cases from Late Latin -iscus). Compare Italian -ese.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ess"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Viennese waltz (sausage, etc), Maltese falcon, Chinese, Togolese, Beninese, Congolese, Milanese, Parmese, Japanese, Faroese, Portuguese, Vietnamese"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "journal + -ese → journalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "legal + -ese → legalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "translation + -ese → translationese",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "jargon",
          "jargon#English"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ],
        [
          "profession",
          "profession#English"
        ],
        [
          "being",
          "being#English"
        ],
        [
          "context",
          "context#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-speak"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iːz/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iz/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/is/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ees"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "-iyy",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "ـِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ès"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "Valencian",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "Valencian",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ština"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-čtina"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ees"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ais"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ois"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "-uri",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ური"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "note": "in words ending in -r",
      "roman": "-uli",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ული"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-isch"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ensis"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ita"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ites"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-anus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-inus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ius"
    },
    {
      "code": "cu",
      "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
      "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ьскъ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ês"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-skij",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "-ский"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-ec",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "-ец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-ka",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "-ка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "-īya",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ईय"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "tpi",
      "lang": "Tok Pisin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "bilong"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "-sʹkyj",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ський"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-beli"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-ese"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.