"-ese" meaning in All languages combined

See -ese on Wiktionary

Suffix [English]

IPA: /iːz/ [UK], /iz/ [US], /is/ [US]
Etymology: From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-eys}} Middle English -eys, {{der|en|fro|-eis}} Old French -eis, {{der|en|la|-ēnsis}} Latin -ēnsis, {{der|en|LL.|-iscus}} Late Latin -iscus, {{m|en|-er}} -er, {{m|en|-an}} -an, {{der|en|it|-}} Italian, {{der|en|pt|-}} Portuguese Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ese, {{en-suffix}} -ese
  1. Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people. Tags: morpheme Translations (forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place): -ees (Afrikaans), ـِيّ (-iyy) (Arabic), -ès [masculine] (Catalan), -esa [feminine] (Catalan), -és [Valencian, masculine] (Catalan), -esa [Valencian, feminine] (Catalan), -ština [feminine] (Czech), -čtina (Czech), -ees (Dutch), -ais (French), -ois (French), -és [masculine] (Galician), -esa [feminine] (Galician), -ური (-uri) (Georgian), -ული (-uli) (note: in words ending in -r) (Georgian), -isch (German), -i (Hungarian), -ese (Interlingua), -ese (Italian), -ensis (Latin), -ita (Latin), -ites (Latin), -anus (Latin), -inus (Latin), -ius (Latin), -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ) (Old Church Slavonic), -ی (Persian), -ês (Portuguese), -ский (-skij) [adjective] (Russian), -ец (-ec) [masculine, noun] (Russian), -ка (-ka) [feminine, noun] (Russian), -ईय (-īya) [feminine] (Sanskrit), -és [masculine] (Spanish), -esa [feminine] (Spanish), bilong (Tok Pisin), -ський (-sʹkyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en--ese-en-suffix-LOUM~w8E Disambiguation of 'forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place': 64 36
  2. Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -speak Translations (forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession): -i (Hungarian), -beli (Hungarian), -ese (Interlingua)
    Sense id: en--ese-en-suffix-MGuo-SUl Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 36 64 Disambiguation of 'forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession': 19 81
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ess

Suffix [German]

IPA: [ˈeː.zə] Audio: De--ese.ogg
Head templates: {{de-noun|m.weak}} -ese m (weak, genitive -esen, plural -esen) Inflection templates: {{de-ndecl|m.weak}} Forms: -esen [genitive], -esen [plural], weak [table-tags], -ese [nominative, singular], -esen [definite, nominative, plural], -esen [genitive, singular], -esen [definite, genitive, plural], -esen [dative, singular], -esen [dative, definite, plural], -esen [accusative, singular], -esen [accusative, definite, plural]
  1. Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place. Tags: masculine, morpheme, weak Derived forms: Balinese, Burmese, Milanese
    Sense id: en--ese-de-suffix-de:inhabitant Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header

Suffix [Interlingua]

IPA: /ˈese/, /ˈeze/
Etymology: Borrowed from English -an, French -ain, Italian -ano, Portuguese -ano/Spanish -ano, all ultimately from Latin -ānus. Etymology templates: {{bor|ia|en|-an}} English -an, {{bor|ia|fr|-ain}} French -ain, {{bor|ia|it|-ano}} Italian -ano, {{bor|ia|pt|-ano}} Portuguese -ano, {{bor|ia|es|-ano}} Spanish -ano, {{der|ia|la|-ānus}} Latin -ānus Head templates: {{head|ia|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ese, {{ia-suffix|n|a}} -ese
  1. forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a native, citizen or inhabitant; -ese Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -ano [noun], -ana, -ita, -an [adjective]
    Sense id: en--ese-ia-suffix-2neW8g2M Categories (other): Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix Disambiguation of Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix: 52 48
  2. forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a language; -ese Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -ano [noun], -an [adjective]
    Sense id: en--ese-ia-suffix-4djEceRy Categories (other): Interlingua entries with incorrect language header, Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix Disambiguation of Interlingua entries with incorrect language header: 44 56 Disambiguation of Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix: 52 48

Suffix [Italian]

IPA: /ˈe.ze/, /ˈe.se/
Rhymes: -eze, (traditional) -ese Etymology: Inherited from Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), whence also Italian -ense. Etymology templates: {{inh|it|la|-ēnsis|-ēnsem|t=originating in}} Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), {{doublet|it|-ense|notext=1}} -ense Head templates: {{head|it|suffix|g=m}} -ese m
  1. -ese (both senses); -er Tags: masculine, morpheme Related terms: -esa

Download JSON data for -ese meaning in All languages combined (20.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Algherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Ambonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Andamanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Annamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Annobonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Aragonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Assamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Auvergnese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Balinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Beninese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Berlinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Bhutanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Brooklynese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Burmese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Canarese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Cantonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Chinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Congolese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Dublinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "East Timorese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Faroese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Gabonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Genoese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Gilbertese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Guyanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Hainanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Hoisanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Japanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Javanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Katangese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Kinmenese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Lebanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Maltese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Marshallese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Milanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Nepalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Nipponese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Parmese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Pekingese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Piedmontese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Pitcairnese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Pittsburghese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Portuguese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Reunionese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Runyonese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Rwandese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Senegalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Sentinelese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Shanghainese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Siamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Sikkimese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Sudanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Sundanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Surinamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Taishanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Taiwanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Timese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Togolese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Toisanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Viennese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Vietnamese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Xinjiangese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "academese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Americanese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "bureaucratese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Christianese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "corporatese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "diplomatese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "fatherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "headlinese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Hollywoodese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "idiotese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "initialese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "journalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "lawyerese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "legalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "managementese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "marketese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "medicalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "mentalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "motherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "newspaperese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "officialese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "parentese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "patentese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "psychologese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "signalese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "tabloidese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "teacherese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "telegraphese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "textese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "translatese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "translationese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "translatorese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "typoese"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "Voynichese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-eys"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -eys",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-eis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -eis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-iscus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -iscus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "-er",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "-an",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "-ess"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Viennese waltz (sausage, etc), Maltese falcon, Chinese, Togolese, Beninese, Congolese, Milanese, Parmese, Japanese, Faroese, Portuguese, Vietnamese"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people."
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-en-suffix-LOUM~w8E",
      "links": [
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ees"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "-iyy",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "ـِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-ès"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "Valencian",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "Valencian",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "note": "use attributive noun",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ština"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-čtina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ees"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ais"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "-uri",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "note": "in words ending in -r",
          "roman": "-uli",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ული"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-isch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ensis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ites"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-anus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-inus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ius"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "cu",
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ьскъ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-skij",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "-ский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-ec",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "-ka",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "-īya",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-ईय"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "-és"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "-esa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "tpi",
          "lang": "Tok Pisin",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "bilong"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 36",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "-sʹkyj",
          "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
          "word": "-ський"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "journal + -ese → journalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "legal + -ese → legalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "translation + -ese → translationese",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context."
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-en-suffix-MGuo-SUl",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "jargon",
          "jargon#English"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ],
        [
          "profession",
          "profession#English"
        ],
        [
          "being",
          "being#English"
        ],
        [
          "context",
          "context#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-speak"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "19 81",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 81",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-beli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 81",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
          "word": "-ese"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iːz/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iz/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/is/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ese",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m.weak"
      },
      "expansion": "-ese m (weak, genitive -esen, plural -esen)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m.weak"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "Balinese"
        },
        {
          "word": "Burmese"
        },
        {
          "word": "Milanese"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place."
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-de-suffix-de:inhabitant",
      "senseid": [
        "de:inhabitant"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈeː.zə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De--ese.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/De--ese.ogg/De--ese.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/De--ese.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "English -an",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "-ain"
      },
      "expansion": "French -ain",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "-ano"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian -ano",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "-ano"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese -ano",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "es",
        "3": "-ano"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish -ano",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ānus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ānus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -an, French -ain, Italian -ano, Portuguese -ano/Spanish -ano, all ultimately from Latin -ānus.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "a"
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "ia-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Interlingua",
  "lang_code": "ia",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "China (“China”) + -ese → chinese (“Chinese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Geneva (“Geneva”) + -ese → genevese (“Genevese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Francia (“France”) + -ese → francese (“French”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a native, citizen or inhabitant; -ese"
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-ia-suffix-2neW8g2M",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ese",
          "-ese"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ita"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "China (“China”) + -ese → chinese (“Chinese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Brooklyn (“Brooklyn”) + -ese → brooklynese (“Brooklynese, Brooklyn dialect”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a language; -ese"
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-ia-suffix-4djEceRy",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ese",
          "-ese"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈese/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈeze/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis",
        "4": "-ēnsem",
        "t": "originating in"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "-ense",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ense",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), whence also Italian -ense.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ese m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-é‧se"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Libano (“Lebanon”) + -ese → libanese (“Lebanese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cina (“China”) + -ese → cinese (“Chinese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "sinistra (“left”) + -ese → sinistrese (“left-wing political jargon”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "giornalista (“journalist”) + -ese → giornalistese (“journalese”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-ese (both senses); -er"
      ],
      "id": "en--ese-it-suffix-psaJUa7U",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ese",
          "-ese#English"
        ],
        [
          "-er",
          "-er"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "-esa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈe.ze/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈe.se/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eze"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(traditional) -ese"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Italian",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Portuguese",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Algherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ambonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Andamanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Annamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Annobonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Aragonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Assamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Auvergnese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Balinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Beninese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Berlinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Bhutanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Brooklynese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Burmese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Canarese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Cantonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Congolese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Dublinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "East Timorese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Faroese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Gabonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Genoese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Gilbertese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Guyanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hainanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hoisanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Japanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Javanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Katangese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kinmenese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Lebanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Maltese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Marshallese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Milanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nepalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nipponese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Parmese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pekingese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Piedmontese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pitcairnese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pittsburghese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Portuguese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Reunionese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Runyonese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rwandese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Senegalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sentinelese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Shanghainese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Siamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sikkimese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sudanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sundanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Surinamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Taishanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Taiwanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Timese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Togolese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Toisanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Viennese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Vietnamese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Xinjiangese"
    },
    {
      "word": "academese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Americanese"
    },
    {
      "word": "bureaucratese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Christianese"
    },
    {
      "word": "corporatese"
    },
    {
      "word": "diplomatese"
    },
    {
      "word": "fatherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "headlinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hollywoodese"
    },
    {
      "word": "idiotese"
    },
    {
      "word": "initialese"
    },
    {
      "word": "journalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "lawyerese"
    },
    {
      "word": "legalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "managementese"
    },
    {
      "word": "marketese"
    },
    {
      "word": "medicalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "mentalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "motherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "newspaperese"
    },
    {
      "word": "officialese"
    },
    {
      "word": "parentese"
    },
    {
      "word": "patentese"
    },
    {
      "word": "psychologese"
    },
    {
      "word": "signalese"
    },
    {
      "word": "tabloidese"
    },
    {
      "word": "teacherese"
    },
    {
      "word": "telegraphese"
    },
    {
      "word": "textese"
    },
    {
      "word": "translatese"
    },
    {
      "word": "translationese"
    },
    {
      "word": "translatorese"
    },
    {
      "word": "typoese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Voynichese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-eys"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -eys",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-eis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -eis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "-iscus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin -iscus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "-er",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "-an",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ess"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Viennese waltz (sausage, etc), Maltese falcon, Chinese, Togolese, Beninese, Congolese, Milanese, Parmese, Japanese, Faroese, Portuguese, Vietnamese"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "journal + -ese → journalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "legal + -ese → legalese",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "translation + -ese → translationese",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "jargon",
          "jargon#English"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language#English"
        ],
        [
          "profession",
          "profession#English"
        ],
        [
          "being",
          "being#English"
        ],
        [
          "context",
          "context#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-speak"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iːz/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iz/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/is/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ees"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "-iyy",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "ـِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ès"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "Valencian",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "Valencian",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "note": "use attributive noun",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ština"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-čtina"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ees"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ais"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ois"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "-uri",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ური"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "note": "in words ending in -r",
      "roman": "-uli",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ული"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-isch"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ensis"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ita"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ites"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-anus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-inus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ius"
    },
    {
      "code": "cu",
      "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
      "roman": "-ĭskŭ",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ьскъ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ês"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-skij",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "-ский"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-ec",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "-ец"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "-ka",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "-ка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "-īya",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-ईय"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-és"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "-esa"
    },
    {
      "code": "tpi",
      "lang": "Tok Pisin",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "bilong"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "-sʹkyj",
      "sense": "forming adjectives and nouns describing things characteristic of a particular place",
      "word": "-ський"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-beli"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession",
      "word": "-ese"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Balinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Burmese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Milanese"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ese",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m.weak"
      },
      "expansion": "-ese m (weak, genitive -esen, plural -esen)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m.weak"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German entries with incorrect language header",
        "German lemmas",
        "German masculine suffixes",
        "German noun-forming suffixes",
        "German suffixes",
        "German terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "German terms with audio links",
        "German weak suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "de:inhabitant"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈeː.zə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De--ese.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/De--ese.ogg/De--ese.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/De--ese.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
    "Interlingua lemmas",
    "Interlingua suffixes",
    "Interlingua terms borrowed from English",
    "Interlingua terms borrowed from French",
    "Interlingua terms borrowed from Italian",
    "Interlingua terms borrowed from Portuguese",
    "Interlingua terms borrowed from Spanish",
    "Interlingua terms derived from English",
    "Interlingua terms derived from French",
    "Interlingua terms derived from Italian",
    "Interlingua terms derived from Latin",
    "Interlingua terms derived from Portuguese",
    "Interlingua terms derived from Spanish",
    "Interlingua terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "-an"
      },
      "expansion": "English -an",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "-ain"
      },
      "expansion": "French -ain",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "-ano"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian -ano",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "-ano"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese -ano",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "es",
        "3": "-ano"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish -ano",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ānus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ānus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -an, French -ain, Italian -ano, Portuguese -ano/Spanish -ano, all ultimately from Latin -ānus.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ia",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "a"
      },
      "expansion": "-ese",
      "name": "ia-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Interlingua",
  "lang_code": "ia",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "China (“China”) + -ese → chinese (“Chinese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Geneva (“Geneva”) + -ese → genevese (“Genevese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Francia (“France”) + -ese → francese (“French”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a native, citizen or inhabitant; -ese"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ese",
          "-ese"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ana"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ita"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "China (“China”) + -ese → chinese (“Chinese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Brooklyn (“Brooklyn”) + -ese → brooklynese (“Brooklynese, Brooklyn dialect”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a language; -ese"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ese",
          "-ese"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "-ano"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈese/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈeze/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ēnsis",
        "4": "-ēnsem",
        "t": "originating in"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "-ense",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ense",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), whence also Italian -ense.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "-ese m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-é‧se"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-esa"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian 2-syllable words",
        "Italian doublets",
        "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Italian lemmas",
        "Italian links with redundant target parameters",
        "Italian masculine suffixes",
        "Italian suffixes",
        "Italian terms derived from Latin",
        "Italian terms inherited from Latin",
        "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Rhymes:Italian/ese",
        "Rhymes:Italian/ese/2 syllables",
        "Rhymes:Italian/eze",
        "Rhymes:Italian/eze/2 syllables"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Libano (“Lebanon”) + -ese → libanese (“Lebanese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cina (“China”) + -ese → cinese (“Chinese”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "sinistra (“left”) + -ese → sinistrese (“left-wing political jargon”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "giornalista (“journalist”) + -ese → giornalistese (“journalese”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-ese (both senses); -er"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ese",
          "-ese#English"
        ],
        [
          "-er",
          "-er"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈe.ze/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈe.se/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eze"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(traditional) -ese"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ese"
}
{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ese",
    "ia-suffix",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Interlingua",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ese",
    "ia-suffix",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Interlingua",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ese",
    "ia-suffix",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Interlingua",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ese",
    "ia-suffix",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Interlingua",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ese",
    "ia-suffix",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Interlingua",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ese",
    "ia-suffix",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Interlingua",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ese",
    "ia-suffix",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Interlingua",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ese",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.