See -ach in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-achán"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-achas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos",
"4": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-óg"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óg",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a -acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "níos -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "is -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "m",
"pos2": "a"
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-36ppa6Wr",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-w3FqttVo",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-each"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-Vkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-Vkos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 20 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns"
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-ga:genitive",
"senseid": [
"ga:genitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adjective-forming suffixes",
"Irish doublets",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine suffixes",
"Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Irish suffixes",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-achán"
},
{
"word": "-achas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos",
"4": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-óg"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óg",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a -acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "níos -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "is -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "m",
"pos2": "a"
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-each"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish suffixes",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-Vkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-Vkos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"ga:genitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ach meaning in Irish (7.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: vocative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": "started on line 4, detected on line 4"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: vocative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.