See -ach on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ach meaning in All languages combined (23.5kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"our (inclusive)"
],
"id": "en--ach-chk-suffix-XJarwfI~",
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ai"
},
{
"word": "nei"
},
{
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"word": "omw"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "noum"
},
{
"word": "-om"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"word": "ami"
},
{
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "nour"
},
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-achán"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-achas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos",
"4": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-éh₂",
"3": "*-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos",
"3": "*-kos, *-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos, *-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-óg"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óg",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a -acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "níos -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "is -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "m",
"pos2": "a"
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "ach",
"3": "aigh"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-ach",
"gsf": "-aí",
"gsm": "-aigh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"name": "ga-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-36ppa6Wr",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-w3FqttVo",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-each"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-Vkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-Vkos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-Vxs"
},
"expansion": "*-Vxs",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 23 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns"
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-ga:genitive",
"senseid": [
"ga:genitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -ach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -ach"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "-agh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: -agh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: -agh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: -ach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: -ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-mga-suffix-mjcm~c49",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-mga-suffix-qvTUpgFX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "-af"
},
"expansion": "-af",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms a comparative adjective"
],
"id": "en--ach-wlm-suffix-REuAoQXT",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: -ach\nIrish: -ach\nManx: -agh\nScottish Gaelic: -ach",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: -ach\nIrish: -ach\nManx: -agh\nScottish Gaelic: -ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ācus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ācus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-icus"
},
"expansion": "-icus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.\nCompare Latin -ācus, -icus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aige",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dsm": "-uch",
"gsm": "-aig"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "-aig",
"acc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"acc_m_sg": "-ach",
"dat_f_sg": "-aig",
"dat_m_sg": "-uch",
"dat_n_sg": "-uch",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"gen_f_sg": "-aige",
"gen_m_sg": "-aig",
"gen_n_sg": "-aig",
"gen_pl": "-ach",
"info": "o/ā-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "-ach",
"nom_fn_pl": "-acha",
"nom_m_pl": "-aig",
"nom_m_sg": "-ach",
"nom_n_sg": "-ach",
"notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
"voc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"voc_m_sg": "-aig*\n-ach**"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-aig",
"dat_sg": "-uch"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-ach+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-achu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-ach+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "-achaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-uch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-ach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-ach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "-aig+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-ach+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-aig+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-ach",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-ach+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-achu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-aig",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-sga-suffix-mjcm~c49",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-sga-suffix-qvTUpgFX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ax/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-ag"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ag",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aich",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aichean",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-aich",
"5": "or",
"6": "-aichean"
},
"expansion": "-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-gd-suffix-6zN9VXaw",
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-each"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ax]"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-af"
},
"expansion": "-af",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ifanc (“young”) + -ach → ifancach (“younger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pwysig (“important”) + -ach → pwysicach (“more important”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tlawd (“poor”) + -ach → tlotach (“poorer”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a comparative adjective."
],
"id": "en--ach-cy-suffix-cy:comparative_adjective",
"senseid": [
"cy:comparative adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cor (“dwarf”) + -ach → corrach (“dwarf, gnome”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cawl (“soup”) + -ach → cawlach (“mess, hotchpotch”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dillad (“clothes”) + -ach → dilladach (“old clothes, worthless clothing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pejorative suffix"
],
"id": "en--ach-cy-suffix-cy:pejorative",
"senseid": [
"cy:pejorative"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-iach"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ach f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 26 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cyfrin (“privy, cryptic”) + -ach → cyfrinach (“secret”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cyfaill (“friend”) + -ach → cyfeillach (“fellowship, companionship”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clinc (“clink, tinkle”) + tarddu (“emerge, erupt”) + -ach → clindarddarch (“crackling; to crackle”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming abstract nouns and some verbnouns"
],
"id": "en--ach-cy-suffix-cy:abstract_noun",
"senseid": [
"cy:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ai"
},
{
"word": "nei"
},
{
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"word": "omw"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "noum"
},
{
"word": "-om"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"word": "ami"
},
{
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "nour"
},
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"our (inclusive)"
],
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adjective-forming suffixes",
"Irish doublets",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine suffixes",
"Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Irish suffixes",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-achán"
},
{
"word": "-achas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos",
"4": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-éh₂",
"3": "*-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos",
"3": "*-kos, *-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos, *-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-óg"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óg",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a -acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "níos -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "is -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "m",
"pos2": "a"
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "ach",
"3": "aigh"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "-ach",
"gsf": "-aí",
"gsm": "-aigh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"name": "ga-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-each"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish suffixes",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-Vkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-Vkos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-Vxs"
},
"expansion": "*-Vxs",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"ga:genitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Irish doublets",
"Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Irish lemmas",
"Middle Irish suffixes",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Irish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -ach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -ach"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "-agh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: -agh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: -agh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: -ach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: -ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "-af"
},
"expansion": "-af",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh suffixes",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic"
],
"glosses": [
"forms a comparative adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish doublets",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: -ach\nIrish: -ach\nManx: -agh\nScottish Gaelic: -ach",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: -ach\nIrish: -ach\nManx: -agh\nScottish Gaelic: -ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ācus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ācus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-icus"
},
"expansion": "-icus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.\nCompare Latin -ācus, -icus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aige",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dsm": "-uch",
"gsm": "-aig"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "-aig",
"acc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"acc_m_sg": "-ach",
"dat_f_sg": "-aig",
"dat_m_sg": "-uch",
"dat_n_sg": "-uch",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"gen_f_sg": "-aige",
"gen_m_sg": "-aig",
"gen_n_sg": "-aig",
"gen_pl": "-ach",
"info": "o/ā-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "-ach",
"nom_fn_pl": "-acha",
"nom_m_pl": "-aig",
"nom_m_sg": "-ach",
"nom_n_sg": "-ach",
"notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
"voc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"voc_m_sg": "-aig*\n-ach**"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-aig",
"dat_sg": "-uch"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-ach+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-achu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-ach+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "-achaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-uch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-ach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-ach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "-aig+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-ach+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-aig+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-ach",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-ach+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-achu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-aig",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ax/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*-eh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "*-kos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ḱos"
},
"expansion": "*-ḱos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-ag"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ag",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aich",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aichean",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-aich",
"5": "or",
"6": "-aichean"
},
"expansion": "-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic doublets",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic suffixes",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ax]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-each"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-af"
},
"expansion": "-af",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ifanc (“young”) + -ach → ifancach (“younger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pwysig (“important”) + -ach → pwysicach (“more important”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tlawd (“poor”) + -ach → tlotach (“poorer”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a comparative adjective."
],
"senseid": [
"cy:comparative adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cor (“dwarf”) + -ach → corrach (“dwarf, gnome”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cawl (“soup”) + -ach → cawlach (“mess, hotchpotch”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dillad (“clothes”) + -ach → dilladach (“old clothes, worthless clothing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pejorative suffix"
],
"senseid": [
"cy:pejorative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-iach"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ach f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cyfrin (“privy, cryptic”) + -ach → cyfrinach (“secret”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cyfaill (“friend”) + -ach → cyfeillach (“fellowship, companionship”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clinc (“clink, tinkle”) + tarddu (“emerge, erupt”) + -ach → clindarddarch (“crackling; to crackle”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming abstract nouns and some verbnouns"
],
"senseid": [
"cy:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Bare forms:",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Forms with the definite article:",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Vocative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.