See -i in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:ـِيّ<id:nisba>",
"4": "he:־י",
"5": "fa:ـی<id:adjective>",
"6": "hi:-ई<id:adj>",
"7": "ur:ـی",
"id": "Indo-Semitic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)bor.\nHebrew ־י (-i)bor.\nPersian ـی (-ī)bor.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *i-\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-kas\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas\nSanskrit -इक (-ika)\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas\nSanskrit -ईय (-īya)\nPrakrit -इय (-iya)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.\n▲\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)influ.\n▲\nSanskrit -ई (-ī)influ.\nHindi -ई (-ī)bor.\nMiddle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)bor.\nUrdu ـی (-ī)bor.\nEnglish -i\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Semitic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Afroasiatic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"afa-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"sem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ـِيّ\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" }, { \"transliteration\" : \"-i\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hebrew\", \"term\" : \"־י\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"he\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"-ī\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـی\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }, { \"id\" : \"adj\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-इय\", \"id\" : \"-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*i-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-kas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-ikas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-इक\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-iHyas\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-ईय\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Prakrit\", \"term\" : \"-𑀇𑀅\", \"lang\" : \"pra\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـِی\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ar\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"sem-pro:-<ety:inh<afa-pro:->>\", \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"tree\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ـِيّ\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-ई\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-इन्\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Hindi\", \"term\" : \"-ई\", \"lang\" : \"hi\" }, { \"transliteration\" : \"-ī\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"transcription\" : \"-īh\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"𐭩𐭧\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـِی\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Urdu\", \"term\" : \"ـی\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ur\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-i\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Indo-Semitic\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-i\" id=\"English:_Indo-Semitic\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
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"2": "ar",
"3": "ـِيّ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
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"1": "nisba suffix"
},
"expansion": "(nisba suffix)",
"name": "q"
},
{
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"2": "he",
"3": "־י",
"tr": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew ־י (-i)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
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"2": "fa",
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"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Persian ـی (-ī)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "bor"
},
{
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"2": "hi",
"3": "-ई"
},
"expansion": "Hindi -ई (-ī)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ur",
"3": "ـی",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu ـی (-ī)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)bor.\nHebrew ־י (-i)bor.\nPersian ـی (-ī)bor.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *i-\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-kas\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas\nSanskrit -इक (-ika)\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas\nSanskrit -ईय (-īya)\nPrakrit -इय (-iya)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.\n▲\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)influ.\n▲\nSanskrit -ई (-ī)influ.\nHindi -ई (-ī)bor.\nMiddle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)bor.\nUrdu ـی (-ī)bor.\nEnglish -i\nA conflation of the following suffixes:\n* For Semitic-speaking places, from the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) (nisba suffix) and from Hebrew ־י (-i), both sharing a common Semitic root.\n* For Indo-Iranian-speaking places, from Persian ـی (-ī) and Hindustani Hindi -ई (-ī) / Urdu ـی (-ī).\nIn English, productive since the 19th century.",
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"type": "example"
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{
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"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Iran + -i → Irani",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Iraq + -i → Iraqi",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Israel + -i → Israeli",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Awadh + -i → Awadhi",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Kannauj + -i → Kannauji",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Pakistan + -i → Pakistani",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Pak + -i → Paki",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Afghan + -i → Afghani",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Bihar + -i → Bihari",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Bengal + -i → Bengali",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Punjab + -i → Punjabi",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Chenab + -i → Chenabi",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Kashmir + -i → Kashmiri",
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{
"text": "Sindh + -i → Sindhi",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Rajasthan + -i → Rajasthani",
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{
"text": "Marwar + -i → Marwari",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Gujarat + -i → Gujarati",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Nepal + -i → Nepali",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Kabul + -i → Kabuli",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Baghdad + -i → Baghdadi",
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"ref": "2025 July 24, Mubasher Sharief Pathan, “Chenab Valley United”, in Precious Kashmir, archived from the original on 29 Aug 2025:",
"text": "According to Collins Dictionary and Wiktionary, the term was coined in 2017 by journalist Anzer Ayoob, the term Chenabi is derived from the Chenab River, with the suffix “-i”, commonly used to denote belonging.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives, nouns, demonyms (describing people of a particular city, region or country) or genonyms (describing people of a particular tribe, clan or family) and the language spoken by these people."
],
"id": "en--i-en-suffix-yoPSfoNE",
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"word": "-er"
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"word": "-stan"
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"translations": [
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"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "-iyy",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
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"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
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"code": "he",
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"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "־ִי"
},
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"code": "hi",
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"roman": "-ī",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "-ई"
},
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"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "-i"
},
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"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
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},
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],
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"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-ī",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "ـی"
}
]
}
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],
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"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:ـِيّ<id:nisba>",
"4": "he:־י",
"5": "fa:ـی<id:adjective>",
"6": "hi:-ई<id:adj>",
"7": "ur:ـی",
"id": "Indo-Semitic",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)bor.\nHebrew ־י (-i)bor.\nPersian ـی (-ī)bor.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *i-\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-kas\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas\nSanskrit -इक (-ika)\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas\nSanskrit -ईय (-īya)\nPrakrit -इय (-iya)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.\n▲\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)influ.\n▲\nSanskrit -ई (-ī)influ.\nHindi -ई (-ī)bor.\nMiddle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)bor.\nUrdu ـی (-ī)bor.\nEnglish -i\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Semitic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Afroasiatic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"afa-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"sem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ـِيّ\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" }, { \"transliteration\" : \"-i\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hebrew\", \"term\" : \"־י\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"he\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"-ī\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـی\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }, { \"id\" : \"adj\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-इय\", \"id\" : \"-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*i-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-kas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-ikas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-इक\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*-iHyas\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-ईय\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Prakrit\", \"term\" : \"-𑀇𑀅\", \"lang\" : \"pra\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـِی\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ar\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"sem-pro:-<ety:inh<afa-pro:->>\", \"id\" : \"nisba\", \"tree\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ـِيّ\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-ई\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"-इन्\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Hindi\", \"term\" : \"-ई\", \"lang\" : \"hi\" }, { \"transliteration\" : \"-ī\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"transcription\" : \"-īh\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"𐭩𐭧\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـِی\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Urdu\", \"term\" : \"ـی\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ur\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-i\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Indo-Semitic\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-i\" id=\"English:_Indo-Semitic\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ـِيّ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nisba suffix"
},
"expansion": "(nisba suffix)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "he",
"3": "־י",
"tr": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew ־י (-i)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "ـی",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Persian ـی (-ī)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-hnd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "-ई"
},
"expansion": "Hindi -ई (-ī)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ur",
"3": "ـی",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu ـی (-ī)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)bor.\nHebrew ־י (-i)bor.\nPersian ـی (-ī)bor.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *i-\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-kas\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas\nSanskrit -इक (-ika)\nProto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas\nSanskrit -ईय (-īya)\nPrakrit -इय (-iya)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)influ.\n▲\nArabic ـِيّ (-iyy)influ.\n▲\nSanskrit -ई (-ī)influ.\nHindi -ई (-ī)bor.\nMiddle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/)\nClassical Persian ـِی (-ī)bor.\nUrdu ـی (-ī)bor.\nEnglish -i\nA conflation of the following suffixes:\n* For Semitic-speaking places, from the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) (nisba suffix) and from Hebrew ־י (-i), both sharing a common Semitic root.\n* For Indo-Iranian-speaking places, from Persian ـی (-ī) and Hindustani Hindi -ई (-ī) / Urdu ـی (-ī).\nIn English, productive since the 19th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": "demonym"
},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
"id": "demonym"
},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
},
{
"word": "-stan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Hindustan + -i → Hindustani",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Hind + -i → Hindi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Iran + -i → Irani",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Iraq + -i → Iraqi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Israel + -i → Israeli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Awadh + -i → Awadhi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Kannauj + -i → Kannauji",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pakistan + -i → Pakistani",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pak + -i → Paki",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Afghan + -i → Afghani",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bihar + -i → Bihari",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bengal + -i → Bengali",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Punjab + -i → Punjabi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Chenab + -i → Chenabi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Kashmir + -i → Kashmiri",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sindh + -i → Sindhi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Rajasthan + -i → Rajasthani",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Marwar + -i → Marwari",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Gujarat + -i → Gujarati",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Nepal + -i → Nepali",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Kabul + -i → Kabuli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Baghdad + -i → Baghdadi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
171,
173
]
],
"ref": "2025 July 24, Mubasher Sharief Pathan, “Chenab Valley United”, in Precious Kashmir, archived from the original on 29 Aug 2025:",
"text": "According to Collins Dictionary and Wiktionary, the term was coined in 2017 by journalist Anzer Ayoob, the term Chenabi is derived from the Chenab River, with the suffix “-i”, commonly used to denote belonging.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives, nouns, demonyms (describing people of a particular city, region or country) or genonyms (describing people of a particular tribe, clan or family) and the language spoken by these people."
],
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym#English"
],
[
"genonym",
"genonym#English"
],
[
"language",
"language#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/iː/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "-iyy",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-í"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"tags": [
"-i",
"masculine"
],
"word": "־ִי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-ī",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "-ई"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-ī",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "ـی"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "-ī",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "-ਈ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-í"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "-ī",
"sense": "suffix to form a demonym (especially in the Middle East)",
"word": "ـی"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 74 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ī",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ī (nominative plural).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
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"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "focus + -i → foci"
},
{
"text": "radius + -i → radii"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an alternative plural ending for various words borrowed from Latin that end in ⟨us⟩ in the singular."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English nonstandard terms",
"English proscribed terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "platypus + -i → platypi"
},
{
"text": "amogus + -i → amogi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an alternative plural ending for various words borrowed from Latin that end in ⟨us⟩ in the singular.",
"Forms an alternative plural ending for various words that end in ⟨us⟩ in the singular, despite not being borrowed from Latin."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forms an alternative plural ending for various words borrowed from Latin that end in ⟨us⟩ in the singular.",
"(nonstandard, sometimes proscribed) Forms an alternative plural ending for various words that end in ⟨us⟩ in the singular, despite not being borrowed from Latin."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"nonstandard",
"proscribed",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ī"
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪ/",
"tags": [
"English",
"traditional"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/iː/",
"note": "rare; imitation of the original Latin or of Italian"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 74 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Italian -i",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ī",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Italian -i (masculine plural), from Latin -ī (see etymology 2).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "concerto + -i → concerti"
},
{
"text": "calzone + -i → calzoni"
},
{
"text": "cognoscente + -i → cognoscenti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an alternative plural ending for words borrowed from Italian that end in ⟨o⟩ or ⟨e⟩ in the singular."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"Italian",
"Italian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/iː/"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages with 74 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"etymology_text": "Variant of -ie or -y.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
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[
4,
5
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[
11,
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[
15,
16
],
[
18,
19
],
[
24,
25
],
[
28,
29
],
[
31,
32
],
[
38,
39
],
[
45,
46
],
[
50,
51
],
[
52,
53
],
[
56,
57
],
[
59,
60
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Becki, Benji, Jimmi, Lexi, Nicki, Sammi, Sandi, Trini, Vicki",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form diminutives of given names."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ē"
},
{
"ipa": "/iː/"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -i meaning in English (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.