See -ate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "See Etymology 1. In Middle English, verbs were derived from Latin-borrowed participial adjectives (also used as their past participles) and formed their infinitives in -aten (see -en; Middle English desolaten for modern desolate). In the 15th century, the loss of most verbal morphology made verbs formally identical to adjectives. This led to the heteronymy of Middle English verbs in -aten with their corresponding past participles, numerous adjectives in -ate being used as verbs, and, in the late 16th century, the systematic borrowing of such Latin participles as English verbs. The sheer number of newly borrowed verbs from Latin ending in -ate later gave rise to -ate's productivity as a verbal suffix.\nfurther etymology\nThe same process also led to the systematic borrowing of Latin perfect passive participle of other kinds as English verbs. See dissect, delete, erase, applause (when older applaud) and exhaust: all borrowed from Latin participial stems of diverse conjugation groups. Compare also Basque -tu for similar development.",
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"etymology_text": "From the substantivization of perfect passive participles of first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Partly taken from French animate substantives that began to be Latinized during the 14th century: see French avoué and its re-Latinized version avocat, whence English advocate which underwent further re-Latinization. Partly from inanimate substantives taken from neuter forms of Latin participles: see mandate. French -é (e.g., avoué, employé) later gave English -ee.",
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"_dis1": "34 26 40",
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"etymology_text": "From the substantivization of perfect passive participle from first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Used so to denote a product having been subjected to the said chemical and thus derived by it (e.g. plumbum acētātum (“acetated lead”) → acetate (“an acetated product; a salt or ester of acetic acid”)).",
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{
"categories": [
{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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],
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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{
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"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
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{
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "chemical derivative",
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{
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "chemical derivative",
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{
"code": "ms",
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"sense": "chemical derivative",
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},
{
"code": "mi",
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"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
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{
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"lang_code": "pl",
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"code": "pt",
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"word": "-ato"
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"word": "-ato"
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{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
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{
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"args": {
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{
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"tags": [
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}
],
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[
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"senseid": [
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{
"_dis1": "29 20 20 15 15 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "29 20 20 15 15 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "29 20 20 15 15 0",
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]
},
{
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"id": "en--ate-en-suffix-1Ncgawy9",
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge#English"
],
[
"context",
"context#English"
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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},
{
"examples": [
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"id": "en--ate-en-suffix-xEFWB04U",
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[
"official",
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"examples": [
{
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],
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]
},
{
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[
"state",
"state#English"
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "celibate — “the state of being a bachelor, celibacy”"
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],
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],
"id": "en--ate-en-suffix-z8R8i-L9",
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[
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],
"synonyms": [
{
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],
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"Terms with Latin translations",
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{
"args": {
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],
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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],
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{
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"lang_code": "pt",
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{
"code": "pt",
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"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "having property",
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"word": "-ada"
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"code": "es",
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"word": "-ado"
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{
"code": "es",
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"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "having property",
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],
"topics": [
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"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "-ulo"
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{
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
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"lang_code": "pt",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "-ada"
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{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "-ado"
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{
"code": "es",
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"lang_code": "es",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "-ada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "characterized by the specified thing",
"word": "-sk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "resembling the specified thing",
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],
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"word": "-ate"
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English verb-forming suffixes",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:-ātus<id:adjective>",
"id": "verbal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "past participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "desolaten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English desolaten",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "'",
"name": "'"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See Etymology 1. In Middle English, verbs were derived from Latin-borrowed participial adjectives (also used as their past participles) and formed their infinitives in -aten (see -en; Middle English desolaten for modern desolate). In the 15th century, the loss of most verbal morphology made verbs formally identical to adjectives. This led to the heteronymy of Middle English verbs in -aten with their corresponding past participles, numerous adjectives in -ate being used as verbs, and, in the late 16th century, the systematic borrowing of such Latin participles as English verbs. The sheer number of newly borrowed verbs from Latin ending in -ate later gave rise to -ate's productivity as a verbal suffix.\nfurther etymology\nThe same process also led to the systematic borrowing of Latin perfect passive participle of other kinds as English verbs. See dissect, delete, erase, applause (when older applaud) and exhaust: all borrowed from Latin participial stems of diverse conjugation groups. Compare also Basque -tu for similar development.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-ated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix, third-person singular simple present -ates, present participle -ating, simple past and past participle -ated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ation"
},
{
"word": "-ative"
},
{
"word": "-ator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "formulate ← fōrmula"
},
{
"text": "phonate ← φωνή (phōnḗ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"derives verbs (mostly) from Latin stems"
],
"links": [
[
"verbs",
"verbs#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/eɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latin",
"Middle English"
],
"word": "-ate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "substantivization"
},
"expansion": "substantivization",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive voice",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "animate"
},
"expansion": "animate",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "advocate"
},
"expansion": "English advocate",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inanimate"
},
"expansion": "inanimate",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gender",
"2": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-é"
},
"expansion": "French -é",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the substantivization of perfect passive participles of first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Partly taken from French animate substantives that began to be Latinized during the 14th century: see French avoué and its re-Latinized version avocat, whence English advocate which underwent further re-Latinization. Partly from inanimate substantives taken from neuter forms of Latin participles: see mandate. French -é (e.g., avoué, employé) later gave English -ee.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ate (noun-forming suffix, plural -ates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "affiliate — “a person having been affiliated; literally, affiliated”"
},
{
"text": "diffus(e) + -ate → diffusate (“in a process of dialysis, material that has diffused”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning \"person or thing that is either the object of a performed transitive verb or the subject of an intransitive one\""
],
"links": [
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
],
[
"object",
"object#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#transitive"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
],
[
"intransitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#intransitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms nouns meaning \"person or thing that is either the object of a performed transitive verb or the subject of an intransitive one\""
],
"senseid": [
"en:substantive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ee"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "assassin + -ate → assassinate (“an assassin”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning \"person or thing that is the subject of a transitive verb\""
],
"links": [
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#transitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) forms nouns meaning \"person or thing that is the subject of a transitive verb\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "articulate — “An animal of the taxon Articulata”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns meaning \"specimen of a corresponding taxon ending in -ata\""
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"taxon",
"taxon#English"
],
[
"-ata",
"-ata#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) forms nouns meaning \"specimen of a corresponding taxon ending in -ata\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/eɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "substantive",
"word": "-é"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"French"
],
"word": "-ate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "substantivization"
},
"expansion": "substantivization",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive voice",
"2": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the substantivization of perfect passive participle from first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Used so to denote a product having been subjected to the said chemical and thus derived by it (e.g. plumbum acētātum (“acetated lead”) → acetate (“an acetated product; a salt or ester of acetic acid”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ate (noun-forming suffix, plural -ates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "acetate — “a salt or ester of acetic acid”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms derivatives of specified elements or compounds; especially salts or esters of an acid whose name ends in -ic"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"derivatives",
"derivative#English"
],
[
"elements",
"element#English"
],
[
"compounds",
"compound#English"
],
[
"salts",
"salt#English"
],
[
"esters",
"ester#English"
],
[
"acid",
"acid#English"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) forms derivatives of specified elements or compounds; especially salts or esters of an acid whose name ends in -ic"
],
"senseid": [
"en:chemical"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/eɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-ate"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-át"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-áit"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-at"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "pākawa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ato"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ato"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-at"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-at"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"word": "-at"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "chemical derivative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ad"
}
],
"word": "-ate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Latin abstract-noun-forming suffix -ātus, -ātūs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ate (noun-forming suffix, plural -ates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "emirate — “the office of an emir”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting a rank or office"
],
"links": [
[
"rank",
"rank#English"
],
[
"office",
"office#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:rank or office"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "emirate — “the realm of an emir”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting the concrete charge, context of a rank or office"
],
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge#English"
],
[
"context",
"context#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "triumvirate — “an official group of three men, triumvirs”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting a group of officials associated with a rank or office"
],
"links": [
[
"official",
"official#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "patriarchate — “a social system in which heads of household (patriarchs) hold the power”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting a social or political system ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "emirate — “a state ruled by an emir”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting a state (government) ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office"
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "celibate — “the state of being a bachelor, celibacy”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting a state associated with one's social situation"
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-cy"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ət/"
},
{
"ipa": "/eɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--ate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--ate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"word": "-at"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"word": "-ato"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ato"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ato"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aeth"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "a rank or office",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iaeth"
}
],
"word": "-ate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ate meaning in English (25.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ate",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.