See -cy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-cie"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman -cie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-cia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -cia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-κια"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -κια (-kia)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ια"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ια (-ia)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman -cie, ultimately from Latin -cia, -tia, Ancient Greek -κια (-kia), -τια (-tia), originally variants of Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ια (-ia), -ία (-ía) or -εια (-eia). Original loan words like pharmacy and papacy could have formed the model.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-cies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "-cy (noun-forming suffix, countable and uncountable, plural -cies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "private + -cy → privacy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "frequent + -cy → frequency",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "obstinate + -cy → obstinacy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns of state, condition or quality."
],
"id": "en--cy-en-suffix-HMnDLQga",
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"state",
"state#English"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Used to form nouns of state, condition or quality."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-ness"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-ity"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-itude"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-th"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cia"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-ság/-ség, -ás/-és, -s, -cia"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-aggine"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-si"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cja"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-cia"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-idade"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-cia"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-ez"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-eza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-za"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "president + -cy → presidency",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "abbot + -cy → abbacy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "magistrate + -cy → magistracy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns of rank or office."
],
"id": "en--cy-en-suffix-9PjRJL1F",
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"rank",
"rank#English"
],
[
"office",
"office#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Used to form nouns of rank or office."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "office",
"word": "-ate"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-si/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-sɪj/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
}
],
"word": "-cy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English countable suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English uncountable suffixes",
"English unproductive suffixes",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-cie"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman -cie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-cia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -cia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-κια"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -κια (-kia)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ια"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ια (-ia)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman -cie, ultimately from Latin -cia, -tia, Ancient Greek -κια (-kia), -τια (-tia), originally variants of Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ια (-ia), -ία (-ía) or -εια (-eia). Original loan words like pharmacy and papacy could have formed the model.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-cies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "-cy (noun-forming suffix, countable and uncountable, plural -cies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "private + -cy → privacy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "frequent + -cy → frequency",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "obstinate + -cy → obstinacy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns of state, condition or quality."
],
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"state",
"state#English"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#English"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Used to form nouns of state, condition or quality."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "president + -cy → presidency",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "abbot + -cy → abbacy",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "magistrate + -cy → magistracy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns of rank or office."
],
"links": [
[
"productive",
"productive"
],
[
"rank",
"rank#English"
],
[
"office",
"office#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Used to form nouns of rank or office."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"morpheme",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-si/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-sɪj/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-ness"
},
{
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-ity"
},
{
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-itude"
},
{
"sense": "condition or quality",
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "-th"
},
{
"sense": "office",
"word": "-ate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cia"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-ság/-ség, -ás/-és, -s, -cia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-aggine"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-si"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-cja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-cia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-idade"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-cia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-ez"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-eza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "used to form nouns of state, condition or quality e.g. obstinacy",
"word": "-za"
}
],
"word": "-cy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -cy meaning in English (5.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-cy"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-cy",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.