"-ado" meaning in Spanish

See -ado in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ˈado/, [ˈa.ð̞o] Forms: -ada [feminine], -ados [masculine, plural], -adas [feminine, plural]
Rhymes: -ado Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Spanish -ado Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Doublet of -ato. Etymology templates: {{etymon|es|:inh|la:-ātus<id:adjective>|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Spanish -ado, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|es|la|-ātus|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin -ātus, {{inh+|es|la|-ātus}} Inherited from Latin -ātus, {{inh|es|itc-pro|*-ātos}} Proto-Italic *-ātos, {{doublet|es|-ato}} Doublet of -ato Head templates: {{es-adj}} -ado (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)
  1. when added to nouns, forms adjectives indicating a characteristic or resemblance; -ate Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ado-es-suffix-N4xSMDSO Categories (other): Spanish entries with etymology trees, Spanish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymology trees: 21 23 24 21 11 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 24 22 6
  2. when added to verbs, forms nouns indicating action or the effect of an action Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ado-es-suffix-2EpXtqu8 Categories (other): Spanish entries with etymology trees, Spanish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymology trees: 21 23 24 21 11 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 24 22 6
  3. when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a collective Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ado-es-suffix-iq5dtqV9 Categories (other): Spanish entries with etymology trees, Spanish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymology trees: 21 23 24 21 11 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 24 22 6
  4. when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a position or domain Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ado-es-suffix-txO4Fi5J Categories (other): Spanish entries with etymology trees, Spanish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymology trees: 21 23 24 21 11 Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 25 23 24 22 6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ada

Suffix

IPA: /ˈado/, [ˈa.ð̞o] Forms: participle-forming suffix [past], -ada [feminine], -ados [masculine, plural], -adas [feminine, plural]
Rhymes: -ado Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Spanish -ado Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Doublet of -ato. Etymology templates: {{etymon|es|:inh|la:-ātus<id:adjective>|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Spanish -ado, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|es|la|-ātus|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin -ātus, {{inh+|es|la|-ātus}} Inherited from Latin -ātus, {{inh|es|itc-pro|*-ātos}} Proto-Italic *-ātos, {{doublet|es|-ato}} Doublet of -ato Head templates: {{es-past participle}} -ado (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)
  1. forms the masculine singular past participle of regular -ar verbs Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ado-es-suffix-fbLZyFfT Categories (other): Spanish entries with etymology trees Disambiguation of Spanish entries with etymology trees: 21 23 24 21 11

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:-ātus<id:adjective>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*-ātos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ātos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-ato"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -ato",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado\nInherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Doublet of -ato.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ada",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ados",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-adas",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ado (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)",
      "name": "es-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-a‧do"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "a‧do"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-ada"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 23 24 21 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 24 22 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lóbulo (“lobe”) + -ado → lobulado (“lobate”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to nouns, forms adjectives indicating a characteristic or resemblance; -ate"
      ],
      "id": "en--ado-es-suffix-N4xSMDSO",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ate",
          "-ate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 23 24 21 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 24 22 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "afeitar (“to shave”) + -ado → afeitado (“shave”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to verbs, forms nouns indicating action or the effect of an action"
      ],
      "id": "en--ado-es-suffix-2EpXtqu8",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 23 24 21 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 24 22 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "profesor (“teacher”) + -ado → profesorado (“teaching staff”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a collective"
      ],
      "id": "en--ado-es-suffix-iq5dtqV9",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 23 24 21 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 24 22 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "obispo (“bishop”) + -ado → obispado (“bishopric”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a position or domain"
      ],
      "id": "en--ado-es-suffix-txO4Fi5J",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈado/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈa.ð̞o]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ado"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ado"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:-ātus<id:adjective>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*-ātos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ātos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-ato"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -ato",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado\nInherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Doublet of -ato.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "participle-forming suffix",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ada",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ados",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-adas",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ado (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)",
      "name": "es-past participle"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-a‧do"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "a‧do"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 23 24 21 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "llamar (“to call”) + -ado → llamado (“called”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "caminar (“to come/walk”) + -ado → caminado (“came/walked”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the masculine singular past participle of regular -ar verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--ado-es-suffix-fbLZyFfT",
      "links": [
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ar verbs",
          "Appendix:Spanish verbs in -ar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈado/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈa.ð̞o]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ado"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ado"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/ado",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/ado/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish adjective-forming suffixes",
    "Spanish doublets",
    "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish past participle-forming suffixes",
    "Spanish suffixes",
    "Spanish terms derived from Latin",
    "Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
    "Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:-ātus<id:adjective>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*-ātos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ātos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-ato"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -ato",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado\nInherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Doublet of -ato.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ada",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ados",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-adas",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ado (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)",
      "name": "es-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-a‧do"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "a‧do"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ada"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "lóbulo (“lobe”) + -ado → lobulado (“lobate”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to nouns, forms adjectives indicating a characteristic or resemblance; -ate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ate",
          "-ate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "afeitar (“to shave”) + -ado → afeitado (“shave”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to verbs, forms nouns indicating action or the effect of an action"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "profesor (“teacher”) + -ado → profesorado (“teaching staff”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a collective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "obispo (“bishop”) + -ado → obispado (“bishopric”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a position or domain"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈado/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈa.ð̞o]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ado"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ado"
}

{
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    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/ado",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/ado/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish adjective-forming suffixes",
    "Spanish doublets",
    "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish past participle-forming suffixes",
    "Spanish suffixes",
    "Spanish terms derived from Latin",
    "Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
    "Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:-ātus<id:adjective>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*-ātos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *-ātos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "-ato"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -ato",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nSpanish -ado\nInherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Doublet of -ato.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "participle-forming suffix",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ada",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ados",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-adas",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ado (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)",
      "name": "es-past participle"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-a‧do"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "a‧do"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "llamar (“to call”) + -ado → llamado (“called”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "caminar (“to come/walk”) + -ado → caminado (“came/walked”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms the masculine singular past participle of regular -ar verbs"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "-ar verbs",
          "Appendix:Spanish verbs in -ar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈado/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈa.ð̞o]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ado"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ado"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ado meaning in Spanish (6.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-ado"
  ],
  "section": "Spanish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ado",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Spanish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (4d423fd and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.