"-é" meaning in French

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /e/ Forms: -ée [feminine], -és [masculine, plural], -ées [feminine, plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French -é, from Old French -é, -et, -at, from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Compare the borrowed doublet -at. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|-é|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French -é, {{inh+|fr|frm|-é}} Inherited from Middle French -é, {{inh|fr|fro|-é}} Old French -é, {{inh|fr|la|-ātus}} Latin -ātus, {{inh|fr|itc-pro|*-ātos}} Proto-Italic *-ātos, {{doublet|fr|-at|notext=1}} -at Head templates: {{fr-adj}} -é (feminine -ée, masculine plural -és, feminine plural -ées)
  1. (grammar) past participle root verb suffix of regular -er verbs, an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n Tags: form-of, morpheme, participle, past, root, suffix, verb Form of: regular -er verbs (extra: an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n) Categories (topical): Grammar
    Sense id: en--é-fr-suffix-3FDdfIkF Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /ɛ/
Etymology: Euphonic alteration of -e in presubject position. Head templates: {{head|fr|suffix|||||g=|g2=|head=|sort=}} -é, {{fr-suffix}} -é
  1. inflection of -er:
    presubject first-person singular present indicative
    Tags: form-of, morpheme Form of: -er
    Sense id: en--é-fr-suffix-YILt4cA2 Categories (other): French links with redundant target parameters, French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 7 43 43 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 3 26 26 1 2 7 4 9 8 15 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 28 28 1 1 5 4 9 7 15
  2. inflection of -er:
    presubject first-person singular present subjunctive
    Tags: form-of, morpheme Form of: -er
    Sense id: en--é-fr-suffix-TkFKvYO~ Categories (other): French links with redundant target parameters, French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 7 43 43 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 3 26 26 1 2 7 4 9 8 15 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 28 28 1 1 5 4 9 7 15
  3. inflection of -er: Tags: form-of, morpheme Form of: -er, -er
    Sense id: en--é-fr-suffix-5VzCaKBs Categories (other): French links with redundant target parameters
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: (english: post-1990 spelling)
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
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      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-é",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French -é",
      "name": "inh"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
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        "3": "-é"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -é",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-é"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -é",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin -ātus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*-ātos"
      },
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      "name": "inh"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "-at",
        "notext": "1"
      },
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      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -é, from Old French -é, -et, -at, from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Compare the borrowed doublet -at.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ée",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-és",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ées",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-é (feminine -ée, masculine plural -és, feminine plural -ées)",
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    }
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  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "fr:Grammar",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n",
          "word": "regular -er verbs"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle root verb suffix of regular -er verbs, an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n"
      ],
      "id": "en--é-fr-suffix-3FDdfIkF",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ],
        [
          "-ed",
          "-ed"
        ],
        [
          "-en",
          "-en"
        ],
        [
          "-n",
          "-n"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) past participle root verb suffix of regular -er verbs, an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "root",
        "suffix",
        "verb"
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      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e/"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-ée"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-ées"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-és"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-er"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "hey"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "et"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-é"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Euphonic alteration of -e in presubject position.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-é",
      "name": "head"
    },
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-é",
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 43 43 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 26 26 1 2 7 4 9 8 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 28 28 1 1 5 4 9 7 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-er"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of -er:",
        "presubject first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en--é-fr-suffix-YILt4cA2",
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ],
        [
          "presubject",
          "presubject"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 43 43 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 26 26 1 2 7 4 9 8 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 28 28 1 1 5 4 9 7 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-er"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of -er:",
        "presubject first-person singular present subjunctive"
      ],
      "id": "en--é-fr-suffix-TkFKvYO~",
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ],
        [
          "presubject",
          "presubject"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "pensé-je"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-er"
        },
        {
          "word": "-er"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of -er"
      ],
      "id": "en--é-fr-suffix-5VzCaKBs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of -er:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "post-1990 spelling",
      "word": "-è"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-é"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "French 1-syllable words",
    "French adjective-forming suffixes",
    "French adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
    "French doublets",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French suffixes",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with homophones",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
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      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
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    {
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        "4": "",
        "5": "",
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        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
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      "name": "inh"
    },
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        "1": "fr",
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      },
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    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "-ātus"
      },
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    },
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      "args": {
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    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "-at",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-at",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -é, from Old French -é, -et, -at, from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Compare the borrowed doublet -at.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ée",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-és",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ées",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-é (feminine -ée, masculine plural -és, feminine plural -ées)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
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  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "fr:Grammar"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n",
          "word": "regular -er verbs"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle root verb suffix of regular -er verbs, an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ],
        [
          "-ed",
          "-ed"
        ],
        [
          "-en",
          "-en"
        ],
        [
          "-n",
          "-n"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) past participle root verb suffix of regular -er verbs, an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "root",
        "suffix",
        "verb"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e/"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-ée"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-ées"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-és"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "-er"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "hey"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "et"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-é"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French suffixes",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Euphonic alteration of -e in presubject position.",
  "head_templates": [
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        "3": "",
        "4": "",
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      },
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    }
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  "lang_code": "fr",
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      ],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of -er:",
        "presubject first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ],
        [
          "presubject",
          "presubject"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French links with redundant target parameters"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-er"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of -er:",
        "presubject first-person singular present subjunctive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ],
        [
          "presubject",
          "presubject"
        ]
      ],
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        "form-of",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French links with redundant target parameters"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "pensé-je"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-er"
        },
        {
          "word": "-er"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of -er"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er#French"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of -er:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "post-1990 spelling",
      "word": "-è"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-é"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -é meaning in French (4.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''inflection of -er:'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "-é"
  ],
  "section": "French",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-é",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.