See -er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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},
{
"form": "-a",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-âmes",
"ipa": "/am/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-âtes",
"ipa": "/at/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-èrent",
"ipa": "/ɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erais",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erais",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erait",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-erions",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-eraient",
"ipa": "/ə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ə",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ions",
"ipa": "/jɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"ipa": "/je/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ât",
"ipa": "/a/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-assions",
"ipa": "/a.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-assiez",
"ipa": "/a.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"ipa": "/as/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"ipa": "/ə/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"ipa": "/ɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ez",
"ipa": "/e/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-er (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "to love",
"text": "aimer",
"translation": "to love",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt--er.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable suffixes",
"French entries with etymology texts",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 38 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:-er<id:noun>",
"id": "nominal",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nInherited from Middle French -er, from Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ers)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"english": "baker",
"text": "boulanger",
"translation": "baker",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns indicating the person who exercises a particular activity"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ère"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt--er.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt--er.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -er meaning in French (12.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-er"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-er",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.