See -ed in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"2": "-aði",
"t": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -aði (“-ed”)",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), German Low German -de (“-ed”, first and third person singular past indicative ending), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”).",
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{
"code": "dz",
"lang": "Dzongkha",
"roman": "ci",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ཅི"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-t"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ott"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ett"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ött"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ta",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-た"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-at",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "았"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"note": "for most transitive verbs",
"roman": "for most intransitive verbs and a few transitive verbs",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-d -î"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"note": "for some basic verbs",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
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},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-et"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-te"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-de"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-dd"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tø"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-øt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-øyt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-te"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-de"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-dd"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-aut"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-de",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـده"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-d",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـد"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-te",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـته"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-t",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـت"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ł"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-l",
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"tags": [
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],
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{
"code": "ru",
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{
"code": "ru",
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"code": "ru",
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},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-de"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "past tense",
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"code": "uk",
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],
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}
]
}
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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],
"word": "-ed"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Cognate with Latin -ātus (whence also a doublet -ate).",
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"_dis": "27 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 23 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "point + -ed → pointed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "horn + -ed → horned",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hoof + -ed → hooved",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun."
],
"id": "en--ed-en-suffix-en:having",
"links": [
[
"possessional adjective",
"possessional adjective#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:having"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ge- -d"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-kas"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kimi",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "気味"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-dar"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "bi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-dâr",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ـدار"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ad"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "ge- + -d",
"raw_tags": [
"as a past participle"
],
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"tags": [
"also"
]
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ú"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ű"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-jú"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-jű"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kimi",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "気味"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-y"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ny"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 30",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 23 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "red + hair + -ed → red-haired",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "left + hand + -ed → left-handed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "two + prong(s) + -ed → two-pronged",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs."
],
"id": "en--ed-en-suffix-en:having_compound",
"senseid": [
"en:having-compound"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "d"
},
{
"ipa": "/d/"
},
{
"enpr": "t"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/"
},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dəd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"after -e"
],
"tags": [
"standard"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-'d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-èd"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Dzongkha translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb-past-tense"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ede"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ede",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "-ode"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ode",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōd-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-ede",
"pos": "first person singular past indicative ending",
"t": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-de",
"pos": "first and third person singular past indicative ending",
"t": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "German Low German -de (“-ed”, first and third person singular past indicative ending)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ade",
"t": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ade (“-ed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-aði",
"t": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -aði (“-ed”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), German Low German -de (“-ed”, first and third person singular past indicative ending), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "point + -ed → pointed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He pointed at the dog.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant."
],
"links": [
[
"past tense",
"past tense#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"-t",
"-t#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "d"
},
{
"ipa": "/d/"
},
{
"enpr": "t"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/"
},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dəd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"after -e"
],
"tags": [
"standard"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-'d"
},
{
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-èd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "dz",
"lang": "Dzongkha",
"roman": "ci",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ཅི"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-t"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ott"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ett"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ött"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ta",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-た"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-at",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "았"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"note": "for most transitive verbs",
"roman": "for most intransitive verbs and a few transitive verbs",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-d -î"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"note": "for some basic verbs",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"word": "-t"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-et"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-te"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-de"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-dd"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tø"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-øt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-øyt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-te"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-de"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-dd"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-tt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-aut"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-de",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـده"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-d",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـد"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-te",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـته"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-t",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "ـت"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ł"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-l",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-л"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-la",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ла"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-lo",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ло"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-li",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "-ли"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-ado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-de"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "past tense",
"word": "-t"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-v",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-в"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-la",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ла"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-lo",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ло"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ly",
"sense": "past tense",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "-ли"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English inflectional suffixes",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inh",
"3": "enm>-ed>past participle",
"id": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "-od",
"pos": "class 2 weak past participle"
},
"expansion": "Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian -ed",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ed.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "point + -ed → pointed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He has pointed at the dog.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#English"
],
[
"-t",
"-t#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "d"
},
{
"ipa": "/d/"
},
{
"enpr": "t"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/"
},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ed.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dəd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"after -e"
],
"tags": [
"standard"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-'d"
},
{
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-èd"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-od",
"4": "",
"pos": "adjective suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -od (adjective suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂tos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ātus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "doublet"
},
"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Cognate with Latin -ātus (whence also a doublet -ate).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-t"
},
{
"word": "-ing"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "-less"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "point + -ed → pointed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "horn + -ed → horned",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hoof + -ed → hooved",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun."
],
"links": [
[
"possessional adjective",
"possessional adjective#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:having"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "red + hair + -ed → red-haired",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "left + hand + -ed → left-handed",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "two + prong(s) + -ed → two-pronged",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs."
],
"senseid": [
"en:having-compound"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "d"
},
{
"ipa": "/d/"
},
{
"enpr": "t"
},
{
"ipa": "/t/"
},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ed.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-%26%2345%3Bed.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "ĭd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "əd",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/dəd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"after -e"
],
"tags": [
"standard"
],
"word": "-d"
},
{
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-'d"
},
{
"topics": [
"poetry",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "-èd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ge- -d"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-kas"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-s"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-as"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-es"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ös"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kimi",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "気味"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-dar"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "bi-"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-dâr",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "ـدار"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object",
"word": "-ad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "ge- + -d",
"raw_tags": [
"as a past participle"
],
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"tags": [
"also"
]
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-nen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-jú"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-jű"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kimi",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "気味"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "ber-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-y"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ny"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having an object of a particular quality",
"word": "-ad"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ed meaning in English (19.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.