See ber- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: ber-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: ber-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "max",
"2": "ba-"
},
"expansion": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "bal-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tausug: bal-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tausug: bal-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*maR-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"noun"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
"numeral"
]
},
{
"form": "be-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bel-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "verb base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (verb base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "noun base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (noun base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "adjective base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (adjective base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "numeral base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (numeral base)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + fikir (“to think”) → berfikir (“thinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-QWdKliP4",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 15 1 0 2 3 1 0 0 21 1 0 4 4 15 1 1 0 2 3 1 0 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 23 1 0 4 3 16 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 2 2 17 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 25 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-C-lk~FoC",
"links": [
[
"dynamic",
"dynamic#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do something to the self."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-8JMBv2ng",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "di-"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + terima (“to accept”) → berterima (“to be accepted”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of di-."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-BM-pBWmM",
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) alternative form of di-."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have; -ed, -d"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-FOrV14rr",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"-d",
"-d"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-lk8fcyAf",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to produce [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + kasut (“shoes”) → berkasut (“to wear shoes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-9NecWMoS",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work, to engage in the [base]."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-2bd-5W6w",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + lawan (“fighting”) → berlawan (“to fight each other”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + kawan (“friend”) → berkawan (“to be friends with each other”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-8MwFpTY4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 15 1 0 2 3 1 0 0 21 1 0 4 4 15 1 1 0 2 3 1 0 21 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 23 1 0 4 3 16 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 2 2 17 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 25 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 3 4 0 4 1 2 1 44 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "3 34 1 4 0 3 1 0 1 50 3",
"word": "ber- -an"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 34 1 4 0 3 1 0 1 50 3",
"word": "ber- -kan"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form stative verbs"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-K43i8OU7",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"stative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multiple"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-P4p-ZjKa",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bər/"
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay prefixes",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ber- -an"
},
{
"word": "ber- -kan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: ber-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: ber-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "max",
"2": "ba-"
},
"expansion": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "bal-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tausug: bal-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tausug: bal-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*maR-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"noun"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
"numeral"
]
},
{
"form": "be-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bel-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "verb base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (verb base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "noun base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (noun base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "adjective base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (adjective base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "numeral base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (numeral base)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + fikir (“to think”) → berfikir (“thinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"dynamic",
"dynamic#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs",
"Malay reflexive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do something to the self."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "di-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + terima (“to accept”) → berterima (“to be accepted”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of di-."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) alternative form of di-."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have; -ed, -d"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"-d",
"-d"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to produce [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + kasut (“shoes”) → berkasut (“to wear shoes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work, to engage in the [base]."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs",
"Malay reciprocal verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + lawan (“fighting”) → berlawan (“to fight each other”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + kawan (“friend”) → berkawan (“to be friends with each other”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs",
"Malay stative verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form stative verbs"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"stative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multiple"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bər/"
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ber- meaning in Malay (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.