"di-" meaning in Malay

See di- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

IPA: /di/, [di-] (note: with consonant-initial stem), [di.ʔ-] (note: with vowel-initial stem) Forms: before consonant-initial stems د- [Jawi], before vowel-initial stems دأ- [Jawi]
Etymology: From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-. Etymology templates: {{inh|ms|ms-old|ni-}} Old Malay ni-, {{inh|ms|ms-old|ni-}} Old Malay ni-, {{inh|ms|poz-mly-pro|*ni-}} Proto-Malayic *ni-, {{inh|ms|poz-pro|*-in-}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, {{inh|ms|map-pro|*-in-||verb perfective infix for object focus}} Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”), {{doublet|ms|-in-}} Doublet of -in- Head templates: {{head|ms|prefix|Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems|د-|Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems|دأ-}} di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)
  1. (third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb. Tags: morpheme, third-person Related terms: di- -kan (alt: passive causitive or locative), di- -i (alt: passive causitive or benefactive), meng- [active]

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ms-old",
        "3": "ni-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Malay ni-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ms-old",
        "3": "ni-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Malay ni-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-mly-pro",
        "3": "*ni-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayic *ni-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*-in-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*-in-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "verb perfective infix for object focus"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "-in-"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -in-",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "before consonant-initial stems د-",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "before vowel-initial stems دأ-",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "prefix",
        "3": "Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems",
        "4": "د-",
        "5": "Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems",
        "6": "دأ-"
      },
      "expansion": "di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 24 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "di- + buka (“to open”) → dibuka (“to be opened”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "That door was opened by dad.",
          "text": "Pintu itu dibuka (oleh) ayah.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb."
      ],
      "id": "en-di--ms-prefix-G4eU7wnR",
      "links": [
        [
          "Patient",
          "patient#English"
        ],
        [
          "passive voice",
          "passive voice#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "alt": "passive causitive or locative",
          "word": "di- -kan"
        },
        {
          "alt": "passive causitive or benefactive",
          "word": "di- -i"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "active"
          ],
          "word": "meng-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/di/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[di-]",
      "note": "with consonant-initial stem"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[di.ʔ-]",
      "note": "with vowel-initial stem"
    }
  ],
  "word": "di-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 24 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
    "West Makian lemmas",
    "West Makian pronouns",
    "West Makian terms in nonstandard scripts"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ms-old",
        "3": "ni-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Malay ni-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ms-old",
        "3": "ni-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Malay ni-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-mly-pro",
        "3": "*ni-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayic *ni-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*-in-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*-in-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "verb perfective infix for object focus"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "-in-"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -in-",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "before consonant-initial stems د-",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "before vowel-initial stems دأ-",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "prefix",
        "3": "Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems",
        "4": "د-",
        "5": "Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems",
        "6": "دأ-"
      },
      "expansion": "di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "alt": "passive causitive or locative",
      "word": "di- -kan"
    },
    {
      "alt": "passive causitive or benefactive",
      "word": "di- -i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "active"
      ],
      "word": "meng-"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay doublets",
        "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
        "Malay lemmas",
        "Malay prefixes",
        "Malay terms derived from Old Malay",
        "Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
        "Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
        "Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
        "Malay terms inherited from Old Malay",
        "Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
        "Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
        "Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
        "Malay terms with usage examples",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 24 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "di- + buka (“to open”) → dibuka (“to be opened”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "That door was opened by dad.",
          "text": "Pintu itu dibuka (oleh) ayah.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Patient",
          "patient#English"
        ],
        [
          "passive voice",
          "passive voice#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/di/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[di-]",
      "note": "with consonant-initial stem"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[di.ʔ-]",
      "note": "with vowel-initial stem"
    }
  ],
  "word": "di-"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.