See ber- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "ber-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay ber-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay ber-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay ber-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "bar-"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay bar-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "mar-"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay mar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*maR-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "*p-, *pC-",
"t": "causative prefix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-,\n* from earlier Old Malay mar-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.\n* comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"noun"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"adjective"
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{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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"expansion": "ber- (verb base)",
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"1": "id",
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"expansion": "ber- (noun base)",
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"args": {
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"expansion": "ber- (adjective base)",
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"args": {
"1": "id",
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},
"expansion": "ber- (numeral base)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + pikir (“to think”) → berpikir (“thinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-QWdKliP4",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 16 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 23 1 0 4 3 16 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 25 0 0 2 2 17 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 25 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-C-lk~FoC",
"links": [
[
"dynamic",
"dynamic#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do something to the self."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-8JMBv2ng",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have; -ed, -d"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-FOrV14rr",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"-d",
"-d"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-lk8fcyAf",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to produce [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + sepatu (“shoes”) → bersepatu (“to wear shoes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-9NecWMoS",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work, to engage in the [base]."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-2bd-5W6w",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tinju (“boxing, hit”) → bertinju (“to hit each other”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + teman (“friend”) → berteman (“to be friends with each other”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-8MwFpTY4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + jam (“hour”) → berjam-jam (“hours”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + meter (“metre”) → bermeter-meter (“metres”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"duration and length"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-NOxCyIEb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) duration and length"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 28 3 0 4 1 1 1 1 39 3 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 23 1 0 4 3 16 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 25 0 0 2 2 17 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 25 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "3 27 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 50 2 0 11",
"word": "ber- -an"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 27 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 50 2 0 11",
"word": "ber- -kan"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form stative verbs"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-K43i8OU7",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 45 2 0 12",
"word": "be- used in word with initial "
},
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 45 2 0 12",
"word": "r"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 45 2 0 12",
"word": ""
},
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 45 2 0 12",
"word": "word with final "
},
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 45 2 0 12",
"word": "-ər.C-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 45 2 0 12",
"word": " in first syllable"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 45 2 0 12",
"word": "bel- only used in the word ajar and unjur"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"stative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multiple"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-P4p-ZjKa",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“in group of three”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"together in a group of"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-0UoDLBPJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"together in a group of [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a number of groups of [base] at a time"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"id": "en-ber--id-prefix-JaLfwhR~",
"raw_glosses": [
"(acting) in a number of groups of [base] at a time"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"acting",
"broadcasting",
"entertainment",
"film",
"lifestyle",
"media",
"television",
"theater"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bər/"
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: ber-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: ber-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "max",
"2": "ba-"
},
"expansion": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
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"3": "*maR-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"noun"
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{
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
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}
],
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"3": "verb base"
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"expansion": "ber- (verb base)",
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{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
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],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + fikir (“to think”) → berfikir (“thinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-QWdKliP4",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 16 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 23 1 0 4 3 16 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 25 0 0 2 2 17 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 25 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-C-lk~FoC",
"links": [
[
"dynamic",
"dynamic#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do something to the self."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-8JMBv2ng",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "di-"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + terima (“to accept”) → berterima (“to be accepted”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of di-."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-BM-pBWmM",
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) alternative form of di-."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have; -ed, -d"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-FOrV14rr",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"-d",
"-d"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-lk8fcyAf",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to produce [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + kasut (“shoes”) → berkasut (“to wear shoes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-9NecWMoS",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work, to engage in the [base]."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-2bd-5W6w",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + lawan (“fighting”) → berlawan (“to fight each other”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + kawan (“friend”) → berkawan (“to be friends with each other”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-8MwFpTY4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 16 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 23 1 0 4 3 16 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 17 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 25 0 0 2 2 17 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 25 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 3 4 0 4 1 2 1 44 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 4 0 2 2 0 1 55 2",
"word": "ber- -an"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 30 1 4 0 2 2 0 1 55 2",
"word": "ber- -kan"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form stative verbs"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-K43i8OU7",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 33 1 4 0 3 2 0 1 50 3",
"word": "be- used in words with initial "
},
{
"_dis1": "3 33 1 4 0 3 2 0 1 50 3",
"word": "r"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 33 1 4 0 3 2 0 1 50 3",
"word": " in the first syllable and kerja"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 33 1 4 0 3 2 0 1 50 3",
"word": "bel- only used in the words ajar and unjur"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"stative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multiple"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"id": "en-ber--ms-prefix-P4p-ZjKa",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bər/"
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ბერი",
"t": "monk"
},
"expansion": "Old Georgian: ბერი (beri, “monk”)\nGeorgian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Mingrelian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Svan: ბერ (ber)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Georgian: ბერი (beri, “monk”)\nGeorgian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Mingrelian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Svan: ბერ (ber)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ბადი"
},
"expansion": "Laz: ბადი (badi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laz: ბადი (badi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ბადიდი",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Mingrelian: ბადიდი (badidi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Mingrelian: ბადიდი (badidi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ber-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Georgian-Zan",
"lang_code": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/ber-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Georgian-Zan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old man"
],
"id": "en-ber--ccs-gzn-pro-noun-DKUym1yx",
"links": [
[
"old man",
"old man"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ber-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Georgian-Zan",
"lang_code": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/ber-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Alternative reconstruction of *bera-"
],
"id": "en-ber--ccs-gzn-pro-noun-yeGDF3de",
"links": [
[
"*bera-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/bera-"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "bera",
"t": "same"
},
"expansion": "Basque: bera (“same”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: bera (“same”)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "euq-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*ber-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Basque",
"lang_code": "euq-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Basque/ber-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Basque roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"same"
],
"id": "en-ber--euq-pro-root-CWcRXygT",
"links": [
[
"same",
"same"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian prefixes",
"Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Old Malay",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ber- -an"
},
{
"word": "ber- -kan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "ber-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay ber-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay ber-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay ber-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "bar-"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay bar-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms-old",
"2": "mar-"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay mar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*maR-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "*p-, *pC-",
"t": "causative prefix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-,\n* from earlier Old Malay mar-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.\n* comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"noun"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
"numeral"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "verb base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (verb base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "noun base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (noun base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "adjective base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (adjective base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "numeral base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (numeral base)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + pikir (“to think”) → berpikir (“thinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"dynamic",
"dynamic#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian intransitive verbs",
"Indonesian reflexive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do something to the self."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have; -ed, -d"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"-d",
"-d"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to produce [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + sepatu (“shoes”) → bersepatu (“to wear shoes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work, to engage in the [base]."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian intransitive verbs",
"Indonesian reciprocal verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tinju (“boxing, hit”) → bertinju (“to hit each other”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + teman (“friend”) → berteman (“to be friends with each other”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + jam (“hour”) → berjam-jam (“hours”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + meter (“metre”) → bermeter-meter (“metres”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"duration and length"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) duration and length"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian intransitive verbs",
"Indonesian stative verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form stative verbs"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"stative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multiple"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“in group of three”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"together in a group of"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"raw_glosses": [
"together in a group of [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in a number of groups of [base] at a time"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"raw_glosses": [
"(acting) in a number of groups of [base] at a time"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"acting",
"broadcasting",
"entertainment",
"film",
"lifestyle",
"media",
"television",
"theater"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "be- used in word with initial "
},
{
"word": "r"
},
{
"word": ""
},
{
"word": "word with final "
},
{
"word": "-ər.C-"
},
{
"word": " in first syllable"
},
{
"word": "bel- only used in the word ajar and unjur"
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay prefixes",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ber- -an"
},
{
"word": "ber- -kan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ber-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: ber-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: ber-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "max",
"2": "ba-"
},
"expansion": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Moluccan Malay: ba-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*maR-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"verb"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"noun"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "base",
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
"numeral"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "verb base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (verb base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "noun base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (noun base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "adjective base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (adjective base)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "numeral base"
},
"expansion": "ber- (numeral base)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + fikir (“to think”) → berfikir (“thinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
],
[
"continuative",
"continuative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"dynamic",
"dynamic#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs",
"Malay reflexive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do something to the self."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "di-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + terima (“to accept”) → berterima (“to be accepted”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of di-."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"di-",
"di-#Malay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) alternative form of di-."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"intransitive",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have; -ed, -d"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"-d",
"-d"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to produce [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + kasut (“shoes”) → berkasut (“to wear shoes”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work, to engage in the [base]."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs",
"Malay reciprocal verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + lawan (“fighting”) → berlawan (“to fight each other”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + kawan (“friend”) → berkawan (“to be friends with each other”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"reciprocal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay intransitive verbs",
"Malay stative verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form stative verbs"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"morpheme",
"stative"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multiple"
],
"head_nr": 4,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "be- used in words with initial "
},
{
"word": "r"
},
{
"word": " in the first syllable and kerja"
},
{
"word": "bel- only used in the words ajar and unjur"
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "bera",
"t": "same"
},
"expansion": "Basque: bera (“same”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: bera (“same”)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "euq-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*ber-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Basque",
"lang_code": "euq-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Basque/ber-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Basque lemmas",
"Proto-Basque roots"
],
"glosses": [
"same"
],
"links": [
[
"same",
"same"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan lemmas",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan nouns",
"ccs-gzn-pro:Male"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ბერი",
"t": "monk"
},
"expansion": "Old Georgian: ბერი (beri, “monk”)\nGeorgian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Mingrelian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Svan: ბერ (ber)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Georgian: ბერი (beri, “monk”)\nGeorgian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Mingrelian: ბერი (beri)\n→ Svan: ბერ (ber)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ბადი"
},
"expansion": "Laz: ბადი (badi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laz: ბადი (badi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ბადიდი",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Mingrelian: ბადიდი (badidi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Mingrelian: ბადიდი (badidi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ber-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Georgian-Zan",
"lang_code": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/ber-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"old man"
],
"links": [
[
"old man",
"old man"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan lemmas",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan nouns",
"ccs-gzn-pro:Male"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ber-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Georgian-Zan",
"lang_code": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/ber-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Alternative reconstruction of *bera-"
],
"links": [
[
"*bera-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/bera-"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ber-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ber- meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.