"-al" meaning in English

See -al in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /əl/, [l̩], [ɫ̩] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--al.wav [Southern-England] Forms: more -al [comparative], most -al [superlative], -als [plural], -all [alternative], -ial [alternative], -ual [alternative], -arial [alternative]
Etymology: From Middle English -al, from the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Distant doublet of -ar. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:-al<id:adjectival suffix>|id=adjectival suffix}} [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming adjectives", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*h₂élis", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "fro" }, { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fro" }, { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="adjectival suffix" data-lang="en" data-title="-al" id="English:_adjectival_suffix">, {{inh|en|enm|-al}} Middle English -al, {{der|en|la|-}} Latin, {{dbt|en|-ar|nocap=1}} doublet of -ar Head templates: {{en-adj}} -al (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -al, superlative most -al), {{en-noun|s}} -al (noun-forming suffix, plural -als)
  1. Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to produce an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--al-en-suffix-woLJP8Qb Categories (other): English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with etymology trees, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 32 39 29 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 32 39 29 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 28 39 33 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 24 40 36 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 18 23 23 1 7 15 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 24 36 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 28 37 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 30 36 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 33 28 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 30 36 34
  2. Forming nouns, especially of verbal action. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--al-en-suffix-4DqBHm7G Categories (other): English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Polish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 32 39 29 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 32 39 29 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 28 39 33 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 24 40 36 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 18 23 23 1 7 15 14 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 9 15 16 0 2 9 8 12 10 11 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 24 36 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 28 37 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 30 36 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 33 28 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 30 36 34 Derived forms (forming nouns, especially of verbal action): arousal, arrival, bestowal, betrothal, denial, disposal, proposal, rental, rival, revival, reversal, removal, subdual, submittal, transmittal, upheaval Disambiguation of 'forming nouns, especially of verbal action': 7 93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: -ical
Etymology number: 1 Related terms: -an, -ar, -ate, -ese, -esque, -ian, -id, -ing, -ish, -like, -oid, -ory, -ous, -ship, -tion (alt: -ion, -sion), -ure, -y

Suffix

IPA: /æl/
Etymology: Etymology tree Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor. Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor. Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl) Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor. Latin alcoholder. Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Latin de-der. Proto-Indo-European *wed- Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ Proto-Hellenic *údōr Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr) Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der. German Aldehydbor. English aldehydeclip. English -al Clipping of aldehyde. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:clip|aldehyde|id=aldehyde|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor. Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor. Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl) Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor. Latin alcoholder. Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Latin de-der. Proto-Indo-European *wed- Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ Proto-Hellenic *údōr Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr) Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der. German Aldehydbor. English aldehydeclip. English -al [Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "اَلْكُحُول", "transliteration" : "al-kuḥūl", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "antimony", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕", "id" : "antimony", "children" : [ ], "transliteration" : "guḫlum", "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Akkadian", "term" : "guḫlum", "lang" : "akk" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "transliteration" : "kuḥlā", "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Aramaic", "term" : "כוחלא", "lang" : "arc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" }, { "terms" : [ { "id" : "root", "children" : [ ], "status" : "redlink", "lang_name" : "Arabic", "term" : "ك ح ل", "lang" : "ar" } ], "keyword" : "root", "is_invisible" : "all" } ], "lang_name" : "Arabic", "term" : "كُحْل", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ar" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Andalusian Arabic", "term" : "كُحُول", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "xaa" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "alcohol", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "of", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*de", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₁", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*déh₁", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*dē", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "dē", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "de-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "gloss" : "water", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "water", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "water", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "water", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*wed-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "mass nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-r̥", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*wódr̥", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*údōr", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "ῡ̆̔́δωρ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "ῠ̔δρο-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "German", "term" : "Aldehyd", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "de" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "aldehyde", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword" : "clipping" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "en" }" data-id="aldehyde" data-lang="en" data-title="-al" id="English:_aldehyde"> Clipping of aldehyde. Head templates: {{head|en|suffix}} -al
  1. (organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes. Tags: morpheme Translations (aldehyde): -al (Danish), -al (Dutch), -al (Galician), -al (Hungarian), -al [masculine] (Polish), -al (Swedish)
    Sense id: en--al-en-suffix-lQvon719 Categories (other): Organic chemistry, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 32 39 29 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 32 39 29 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 28 39 33 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 32 24 45 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 24 40 36 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 17 17 28 0 4 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 18 23 23 1 7 15 14 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 9 15 16 0 2 9 8 12 10 11 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 24 36 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 28 37 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 30 36 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 33 28 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 30 36 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 26 31 43 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, organic-chemistry, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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  "etymology_number": "1",
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      "name": "inh"
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      "args": {
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        "3": "-"
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      "name": "der"
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        "nocap": "1"
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      "name": "dbt"
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  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -al, from the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Distant doublet of -ar.",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "more -al",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
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    },
    {
      "form": "most -al",
      "head_nr": 1,
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
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    },
    {
      "form": "-als",
      "head_nr": 2,
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-all",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ial",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ual",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-arial",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-al (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -al, superlative most -al)",
      "name": "en-adj"
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      "expansion": "-al (noun-forming suffix, plural -als)",
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-an"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ese"
    },
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      "_dis1": "0 0",
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    },
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    },
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      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-id"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
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    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-like"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-oid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ory"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ous"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ship"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "-ion, -sion",
      "word": "-tion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ure"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-y"
    }
  ],
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "base + -al → basal",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cranium + -al → cranial",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "spine + -al → spinal",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to produce an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "id": "en--al-en-suffix-woLJP8Qb",
      "tags": [
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      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "arousal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "arrival"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "bestowal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "betrothal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "denial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "disposal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "proposal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "rental"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "rival"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "revival"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "reversal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "removal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "subdual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "submittal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "transmittal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 93",
          "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
          "word": "upheaval"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "propose + -al → proposal",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "deny + -al → denial",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "bestow + -al → bestowal",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forming nouns, especially of verbal action."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "id": "en--al-en-suffix-4DqBHm7G",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[l̩]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɫ̩]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--al.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
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  "word": "-al"
}

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      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.\nLatin alcoholder.\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin de-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.\nGerman Aldehydbor.\nEnglish aldehydeclip.\nEnglish -al\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"اَلْكُحُول\", \"transliteration\" : \"al-kuḥūl\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"antimony\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕\", \"id\" : \"antimony\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"guḫlum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Akkadian\", \"term\" : \"guḫlum\", \"lang\" : \"akk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"transliteration\" : \"kuḥlā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Aramaic\", \"term\" : \"כוחלא\", \"lang\" : \"arc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"root\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ك ح ل\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"root\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"كُحْل\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], 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\"term\" : \"*wódr̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*údōr\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῡ̆̔́δωρ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔δρο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Aldehyd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"aldehyde\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"aldehyde\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-al\" id=\"English:_aldehyde\">\nClipping of aldehyde.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.\nLatin alcoholder.\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin de-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.\nGerman Aldehydbor.\nEnglish aldehydeclip.\nEnglish -al\nClipping of aldehyde.",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Organic chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Organic chemistry",
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        },
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        },
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          "_dis": "26 31 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
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      "glosses": [
        "Forms the names of aldehydes."
      ],
      "id": "en--al-en-suffix-lQvon719",
      "links": [
        [
          "organic chemistry",
          "organic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "aldehyde",
          "aldehyde#English"
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "organic-chemistry",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "aldehyde",
          "word": "-al"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
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          "code": "sv",
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          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "aldehyde",
          "word": "-al"
        }
      ]
    }
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    {
      "ipa": "/æl/"
    }
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  "word": "-al"
}
{
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    "English clippings",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Akkadian",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Andalusian Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Aramaic",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Arabic root ك ح ل",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wed-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *de",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *déh₁",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wódr̥",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 27 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations"
  ],
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    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "arousal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "arrival"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "bestowal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "betrothal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "denial"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "disposal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "proposal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "rental"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "rival"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "revival"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "reversal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "removal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "subdual"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "submittal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
      "word": "transmittal"
    },
    {
      "sense": "forming nouns, especially of verbal action",
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        "2": "-ar",
        "nocap": "1"
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      "expansion": "doublet of -ar",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -al, from the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Distant doublet of -ar.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more -al",
      "head_nr": 1,
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    {
      "form": "most -al",
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        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-als",
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      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-all",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ial",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ual",
      "tags": [
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        "alternative"
      ]
    }
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        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "-al (noun-forming suffix, plural -als)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-an"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ar"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ate"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ese"
    },
    {
      "word": "-esque"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ian"
    },
    {
      "word": "-id"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ish"
    },
    {
      "word": "-like"
    },
    {
      "word": "-oid"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ory"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ous"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ship"
    },
    {
      "alt": "-ion, -sion",
      "word": "-tion"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ure"
    },
    {
      "word": "-y"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "base + -al → basal",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "cranium + -al → cranial",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "spine + -al → spinal",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to produce an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "propose + -al → proposal",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "deny + -al → denial",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "bestow + -al → bestowal",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forming nouns, especially of verbal action."
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[l̩]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɫ̩]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--al.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--al.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-al"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English clippings",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English noun-forming suffixes",
    "English suffixes",
    "English terms derived from Akkadian",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Andalusian Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Aramaic",
    "English terms derived from German",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Arabic root ك ح ل",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wed-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *de",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *déh₁",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wódr̥",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 27 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "aldehyde",
        "id": "aldehyde",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.\nLatin alcoholder.\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin de-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.\nGerman Aldehydbor.\nEnglish aldehydeclip.\nEnglish -al\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"اَلْكُحُول\", \"transliteration\" : \"al-kuḥūl\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"antimony\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕\", \"id\" : \"antimony\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"guḫlum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Akkadian\", \"term\" : \"guḫlum\", \"lang\" : \"akk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"transliteration\" : \"kuḥlā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Aramaic\", \"term\" : \"כוחלא\", \"lang\" : \"arc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"root\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ك ح ل\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"root\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"كُحْل\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Andalusian Arabic\", \"term\" : \"كُحُول\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xaa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"alcohol\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"of\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*de\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₁\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*déh₁\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*dē\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dē\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"de-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"mass nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wódr̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*údōr\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῡ̆̔́δωρ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔δρο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Aldehyd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"aldehyde\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"aldehyde\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-al\" id=\"English:_aldehyde\">\nClipping of aldehyde.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.\nLatin alcoholder.\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin de-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.\nGerman Aldehydbor.\nEnglish aldehydeclip.\nEnglish -al\nClipping of aldehyde.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-al",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Organic chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms the names of aldehydes."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "organic chemistry",
          "organic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "aldehyde",
          "aldehyde#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "organic-chemistry",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/æl/"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "aldehyde",
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "aldehyde",
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "aldehyde",
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "aldehyde",
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "aldehyde",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-al"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "aldehyde",
      "word": "-al"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-al"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -al meaning in English (16.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-al"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-al",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
  "path": [
    "-al"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-al",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.