See -i in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn",
"pos": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "Ruodī"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German Ruodī",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ie, -y"
},
"expansion": "English -ie, -y",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-iġ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -iġ",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ie",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From (especially Alemannic) Middle High German -ī, from Old High German -īn, from Proto-West Germanic *-īn (diminutive suffix). Generalized in Modern German through pet names like Rudi (Middle High German Ruodī). Cognate with English -en as in chicken, maiden.\nNot directly related with English -ie, -y (from Old English -iġ), nor with Dutch -ie, -je (from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, whence German -chen). However, the vowel /i/ has an onomatopoeic quality to it, which is likely to reinforce its development or preservation in diminutives.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "informal"
},
"expansion": "(informal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 13 15 20 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Hans + -i → Hansi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Papa (“dad, daddy”) + -i → Papi (“pops”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Schatz (“sweetheart, darling”) + -i → Schatzi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms pet names from given names, kinship terms, and terms of address."
],
"id": "en--i-de-suffix-Sd4GiZ6z",
"links": [
[
"pet name",
"pet name#English"
],
[
"kinship",
"kinship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "schlaff (“slack; weary”) + -i → Schlaffi (“weak, tired person”) (derogatory)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "brummen (“to hum”) + -i → Brummi (“rig, truck”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from adjectives and verbs denoting someone characterized by that word."
],
"id": "en--i-de-suffix-VzZX3Dkl",
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(endearing, sometimes derogatory) Forms nouns from adjectives and verbs denoting someone characterized by that word."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"endearing",
"informal",
"morpheme",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sozialdemokrat + -i → Sozi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Nationalsozialist + -i → Nazi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Ostdeutscher + -i → Ossi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Westdeutscher + -i → Wessi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Amerikaner + -i → Ami",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Österreicher + -i → Ösi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms clippings, with a meaning of -ist, -ian, -an"
],
"id": "en--i-de-suffix-WzAtLLpQ",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"clippings",
"Appendix:Glossary#clipping"
],
[
"-ist",
"-ist"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-an",
"-an"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually colloquial, sometimes derogatory) Forms clippings, with a meaning of -ist, -ian, -an"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"informal",
"morpheme",
"sometimes",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Pullover + -i → Pulli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Schokolade + -i → Schoki",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms clippings."
],
"id": "en--i-de-suffix-Fj5VmAxU",
"links": [
[
"clippings",
"Appendix:Glossary#clipping"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Forms clippings."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Schüler + -i → Schüli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Mitbewohner + -i → Mitbewohni",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gender-neutral nouns."
],
"id": "en--i-de-suffix-8xA~shbK",
"links": [
[
"gender-neutral",
"gender-neutral#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "left-wing; predominantly youth speak; left-wing; predominantly youth speak",
"raw_glosses": [
"(left-wing, rare, predominantly youth speak) Forms gender-neutral nouns."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "27 22 9 9 33",
"sense": "diminutive suffixes",
"word": "-chen"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 22 9 9 33",
"alt": "-el, -erl, -ken, -li",
"sense": "diminutive suffixes",
"word": "-lein"
}
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]"
},
{
"audio": "De--i.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/De--i.ogg/De--i.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/De--i.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "he",
"3": "־י",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew ־י (-ī)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ي",
"tr": "-iyy"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ي (-iyy)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fa",
"3": "ـی",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Persian ـی (-ī)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hi",
"3": "-ई"
},
"expansion": "Hindi -ई (-ī)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From various sources, chiefly Hebrew ־י (-ī), Arabic ي (-iyy), Persian ـی (-ī), and Hindi -ई (-ī).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Irak + -i → Iraki",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Israel + -i → Israeli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pakistan + -i → Pakistani",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an unproductive ending of nouns for Semitic and Indo-Iranian groups, especially peoples"
],
"id": "en--i-de-suffix-1uArDa~N",
"links": [
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"Semitic",
"Semitic#English"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian",
"Indo-Iranian#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "-iter"
}
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]"
},
{
"audio": "De--i.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/De--i.ogg/De--i.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/De--i.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"German diminutive suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German informal terms",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Arabic",
"German terms derived from Hebrew",
"German terms derived from Hindi",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Persian",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 65 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-īn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -īn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-īn",
"pos": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-īn (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "Ruodī"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German Ruodī",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ie, -y"
},
"expansion": "English -ie, -y",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-iġ"
},
"expansion": "Old English -iġ",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ie",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From (especially Alemannic) Middle High German -ī, from Old High German -īn, from Proto-West Germanic *-īn (diminutive suffix). Generalized in Modern German through pet names like Rudi (Middle High German Ruodī). Cognate with English -en as in chicken, maiden.\nNot directly related with English -ie, -y (from Old English -iġ), nor with Dutch -ie, -je (from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, whence German -chen). However, the vowel /i/ has an onomatopoeic quality to it, which is likely to reinforce its development or preservation in diminutives.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "informal"
},
"expansion": "(informal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "diminutive suffixes",
"word": "-chen"
},
{
"alt": "-el, -erl, -ken, -li",
"sense": "diminutive suffixes",
"word": "-lein"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Hans + -i → Hansi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Papa (“dad, daddy”) + -i → Papi (“pops”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Schatz (“sweetheart, darling”) + -i → Schatzi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms pet names from given names, kinship terms, and terms of address."
],
"links": [
[
"pet name",
"pet name#English"
],
[
"kinship",
"kinship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German derogatory terms",
"German endearing terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "schlaff (“slack; weary”) + -i → Schlaffi (“weak, tired person”) (derogatory)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "brummen (“to hum”) + -i → Brummi (“rig, truck”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from adjectives and verbs denoting someone characterized by that word."
],
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(endearing, sometimes derogatory) Forms nouns from adjectives and verbs denoting someone characterized by that word."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"endearing",
"informal",
"morpheme",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms",
"German derogatory terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sozialdemokrat + -i → Sozi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Nationalsozialist + -i → Nazi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Ostdeutscher + -i → Ossi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Westdeutscher + -i → Wessi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Amerikaner + -i → Ami",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Österreicher + -i → Ösi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms clippings, with a meaning of -ist, -ian, -an"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"clippings",
"Appendix:Glossary#clipping"
],
[
"-ist",
"-ist"
],
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"-an",
"-an"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually colloquial, sometimes derogatory) Forms clippings, with a meaning of -ist, -ian, -an"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"informal",
"morpheme",
"sometimes",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Pullover + -i → Pulli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Schokolade + -i → Schoki",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms clippings."
],
"links": [
[
"clippings",
"Appendix:Glossary#clipping"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Forms clippings."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Schüler + -i → Schüli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Mitbewohner + -i → Mitbewohni",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms gender-neutral nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"gender-neutral",
"gender-neutral#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "left-wing; predominantly youth speak; left-wing; predominantly youth speak",
"raw_glosses": [
"(left-wing, rare, predominantly youth speak) Forms gender-neutral nouns."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]"
},
{
"audio": "De--i.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/De--i.ogg/De--i.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/De--i.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
{
"categories": [
"German diminutive suffixes",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Arabic",
"German terms derived from Hebrew",
"German terms derived from Hindi",
"German terms derived from Persian",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 65 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "he",
"3": "־י",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew ־י (-ī)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ي",
"tr": "-iyy"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ي (-iyy)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fa",
"3": "ـی",
"tr": "-ī"
},
"expansion": "Persian ـی (-ī)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hi",
"3": "-ई"
},
"expansion": "Hindi -ई (-ī)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From various sources, chiefly Hebrew ־י (-ī), Arabic ي (-iyy), Persian ـی (-ī), and Hindi -ई (-ī).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-i",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "-iter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Irak + -i → Iraki",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Israel + -i → Israeli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pakistan + -i → Pakistani",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an unproductive ending of nouns for Semitic and Indo-Iranian groups, especially peoples"
],
"links": [
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"Semitic",
"Semitic#English"
],
[
"Indo-Iranian",
"Indo-Iranian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]"
},
{
"audio": "De--i.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/De--i.ogg/De--i.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/De--i.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-i"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -i meaning in German (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.