See -kin on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -kin meaning in All languages combined (14.8kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kind"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-kinne"
},
"expansion": "-kinne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-kunne"
},
"expansion": "-kunne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynna"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cynn",
"3": "",
"4": "kind, sort, rank"
},
"expansion": "cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English -kin, -kinne, -kunne, from Old English cynna, the genitive plural of cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), used in compounds.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alkin"
},
{
"text": "Dutchkin"
},
{
"text": "ilkin"
},
{
"text": "weirdkin"
},
{
"text": "whatkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"id": "en--kin-en-suffix-V-eKGdnq",
"links": [
[
"-like",
"-like#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "otakukin"
},
{
"text": "otherkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"id": "en--kin-en-suffix-YKQGDnr9",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"sort",
"sort"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural -kin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural -kin) A suffix used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "-ken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ke"
},
"expansion": "-ke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-k"
},
"expansion": "-k",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ca"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ca",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "-ce",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-chin"
},
"expansion": "-chin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "*-ukīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "*-ik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-uk"
},
"expansion": "*-uk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-oc"
},
"expansion": "Old English -oc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "*-īn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -kin, -ken (also as -ke, -k), perhaps from Old English -ca, -ce, but more likely from Middle Dutch -ken (compare cognate Middle English -chen, -chin, from Old English -ċen), apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk (> Old English -oc) + *-īn (compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen. More at -ock, -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 41 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 34 63",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Otherkin",
"orig": "en:Otherkin",
"parents": [
"Mysticism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"id": "en--kin-en-suffix-en:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutives",
"diminutives"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now archaic) Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"related": [
{
"english": "from Middle English Jankin",
"word": "Jack"
},
{
"word": "mannikin"
},
{
"word": "mannequin"
},
{
"word": "ramekin"
},
{
"word": "ramequin"
},
{
"word": "-kins"
},
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"word": "-let"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
},
{
"word": "-ock"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "maker, doer",
"word": "-gin"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -gin (“maker, doer”)"
],
"id": "en--kin-eu-suffix-XR4-4x-D",
"links": [
[
"-gin",
"-gin#Basque"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"too, also\"",
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"too, also\"",
"word": "-kään"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-gik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-gik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ka",
"id": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*-ka",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "*-ik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-gi"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -gi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-tši"
},
"expansion": "Votic -tši",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-kaan"
},
"expansion": "-kaan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-gik"
},
"expansion": "*-gik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "jotain"
},
"expansion": "jotain",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "jotakin"
},
"expansion": "jotakin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "-ке"
},
"expansion": "Erzya -ке (-ke)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "секе",
"3": "",
"4": "the same"
},
"expansion": "секе (śeke, “the same”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "неке",
"3": "",
"4": "the same (plural)"
},
"expansion": "неке (ńeke, “the same (plural)”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-gik, from *-ka + suffix (possibly lative *-ik). Cognate to Estonian -gi, Votic -tši. The final -n is by analogy with -kaan. The form *-gik was historically standard, and variation is found in some lexicalized terms (e.g. jotain ~ jotakin). The strong grade -k- was originally only used after consonants. Probably also related to Erzya -ке (-ke) in секе (śeke, “the same”), неке (ńeke, “the same (plural)”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-kään"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-han"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-hän"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-kö"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-pa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-pä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 25 21 4 27 24",
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Also I ate ice-cream today. (I wasn't the only one who ate it.)",
"text": "Minäkin söin tänään jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I ate ice-cream also today. (I also ate it on other days.)",
"text": "(Minä) söin tänäänkin jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I ate also ice-cream today. (I also ate other things.)",
"text": "(Minä) söin tänään jäätelöäkin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Were there many people there too?",
"text": "Oliko siellä montakin ihmistä?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"also, too"
],
"id": "en--kin-fi-particle-gfFjydy1",
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
]
],
"qualifier": "appended to any other word than a verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(appended to any other word than a verb) also, too"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 23 2 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'm not hungry, but I did just eat some ice cream.",
"text": "Minulla ei ole nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wasn't supposed to be hungry, but I just ate some ice cream anyway.",
"text": "Minulla ei pitänyt olla nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was supposed to go to the store, but I went to the bar instead.",
"text": "Minun piti mennä kauppaan, mutta meninkin kapakkaan.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "\"How did you get the items out of the store? You didn't have any money, did you?\" \"[Well,] I paid with a credit card.\"",
"text": "\"Kuinka sait tavarat ulos kaupasta? Eihän sinulla ollut rahaa!\" \"Minä maksoinkin luottokortilla.\"",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The bus came late again (as always).",
"text": "Bussi tulikin taas myöhässä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Even though I already knew most of the things taught, the course was still interesting.",
"text": "Vaikka osasinkin jo suurimman osan opetetuista asioista, kurssi oli silti kiinnostava.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"though, anyway, still, nonetheless, nevertheless; often not translated at all, used to underline an action"
],
"id": "en--kin-fi-particle-p9tBGJ~t",
"links": [
[
"though",
"though"
],
[
"anyway",
"anyway"
],
[
"still",
"still"
],
[
"nonetheless",
"nonetheless"
],
[
"nevertheless",
"nevertheless"
]
],
"qualifier": "appended to a verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(appended to a verb) though, anyway, still, nonetheless, nevertheless; often not translated at all, used to underline an action"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 23 2 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He went to a famous school, and a good one at that.",
"text": "Hän meni kuuluisaan kouluun ja hyvään menikin.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at that (in addition to what has been said; furthermore; moreover)"
],
"id": "en--kin-fi-particle-KCnzTF6X",
"links": [
[
"at that",
"at that"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Even I know how to do this!",
"text": "Minäkin osaisin tehdä tämän!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"even (implying extreme example)"
],
"id": "en--kin-fi-particle-KIs270BX",
"links": [
[
"even",
"even"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 23 2 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whoever that person is, they are just trying to get your attention.",
"text": "Kuka ikinä onkin, hän yrittää vain saada huomiosi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ever (when used with a verb that has an interrogative pronoun, often with ikinä for emphasis)"
],
"id": "en--kin-fi-particle-a6cNHCGs",
"links": [
[
"ever",
"ever"
],
[
"ikinä",
"ikinä#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 23 2 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 24 20 2 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's beautiful, isn't it?",
"text": "Eikö olekin kaunis?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form rhetorical questions or questions for which the speaker is seeking to have their opinion confirmed."
],
"id": "en--kin-fi-particle-pvpIm-0Y",
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "too",
"tags": [
"also"
],
"word": "myös"
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "diz- (“to arrange in a row”) + -gin → dizgin (“rein”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sal- (“to let loose, to let go”) + -gın → salgın (“outbreak, epidemic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dur- (“to stop”) + -gun → durgun (“still, calm”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ol- (“to be, to become”) + -gun → olgun (“ripe”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Assimilated form of -gin after the vowels E / İ."
],
"id": "en--kin-tr-suffix-4A46IwIk",
"links": [
[
"-gin",
"-gin#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/cin/"
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "maker, doer",
"word": "-gin"
}
],
"categories": [
"Basque entries with incorrect language header",
"Basque lemmas",
"Basque suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -gin (“maker, doer”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-gin",
"-gin#Basque"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"en:Otherkin"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kind"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-kinne"
},
"expansion": "-kinne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-kunne"
},
"expansion": "-kunne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynna"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cynn",
"3": "",
"4": "kind, sort, rank"
},
"expansion": "cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English -kin, -kinne, -kunne, from Old English cynna, the genitive plural of cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), used in compounds.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alkin"
},
{
"text": "Dutchkin"
},
{
"text": "ilkin"
},
{
"text": "weirdkin"
},
{
"text": "whatkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"links": [
[
"-like",
"-like#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly dialectal) Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "otakukin"
},
{
"text": "otherkin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"sort",
"sort"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural -kin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural -kin) A suffix used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"en:Otherkin"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-kin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -kin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "-ken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ke"
},
"expansion": "-ke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-k"
},
"expansion": "-k",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-ca"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ca",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "-ce",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-chin"
},
"expansion": "-chin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ikīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ukīn"
},
"expansion": "*-ukīn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "*-ik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-uk"
},
"expansion": "*-uk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-oc"
},
"expansion": "Old English -oc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-īn"
},
"expansion": "*-īn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ken"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ċen"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ċen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -kin, -ken (also as -ke, -k), perhaps from Old English -ca, -ce, but more likely from Middle Dutch -ken (compare cognate Middle English -chen, -chin, from Old English -ċen), apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk (> Old English -oc) + *-īn (compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen. More at -ock, -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "from Middle English Jankin",
"word": "Jack"
},
{
"word": "mannikin"
},
{
"word": "mannequin"
},
{
"word": "ramekin"
},
{
"word": "ramequin"
},
{
"word": "-kins"
},
{
"word": "-chan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutives",
"diminutives"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now archaic) Forming diminutives of nouns."
],
"senseid": [
"en:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"word": "-let"
},
{
"word": "-ling"
},
{
"word": "-ock"
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"too, also\"",
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"too, also\"",
"word": "-kään"
}
],
"categories": [
"Finnish clitics",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish particles",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-gik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-gik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ka",
"id": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*-ka",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "*-ik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-gi"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -gi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-tši"
},
"expansion": "Votic -tši",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-kaan"
},
"expansion": "-kaan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-gik"
},
"expansion": "*-gik",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "jotain"
},
"expansion": "jotain",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "jotakin"
},
"expansion": "jotakin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "-ке"
},
"expansion": "Erzya -ке (-ke)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "секе",
"3": "",
"4": "the same"
},
"expansion": "секе (śeke, “the same”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "неке",
"3": "",
"4": "the same (plural)"
},
"expansion": "неке (ńeke, “the same (plural)”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-gik, from *-ka + suffix (possibly lative *-ik). Cognate to Estonian -gi, Votic -tši. The final -n is by analogy with -kaan. The form *-gik was historically standard, and variation is found in some lexicalized terms (e.g. jotain ~ jotakin). The strong grade -k- was originally only used after consonants. Probably also related to Erzya -ке (-ke) in секе (śeke, “the same”), неке (ńeke, “the same (plural)”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "particle",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "-kaan"
},
{
"word": "-kään"
},
{
"word": "-han"
},
{
"word": "-hän"
},
{
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"word": "-kö"
},
{
"word": "-pa"
},
{
"word": "-pä"
},
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Also I ate ice-cream today. (I wasn't the only one who ate it.)",
"text": "Minäkin söin tänään jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I ate ice-cream also today. (I also ate it on other days.)",
"text": "(Minä) söin tänäänkin jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I ate also ice-cream today. (I also ate other things.)",
"text": "(Minä) söin tänään jäätelöäkin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Were there many people there too?",
"text": "Oliko siellä montakin ihmistä?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"also, too"
],
"links": [
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"too",
"too"
]
],
"qualifier": "appended to any other word than a verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(appended to any other word than a verb) also, too"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'm not hungry, but I did just eat some ice cream.",
"text": "Minulla ei ole nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wasn't supposed to be hungry, but I just ate some ice cream anyway.",
"text": "Minulla ei pitänyt olla nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was supposed to go to the store, but I went to the bar instead.",
"text": "Minun piti mennä kauppaan, mutta meninkin kapakkaan.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "\"How did you get the items out of the store? You didn't have any money, did you?\" \"[Well,] I paid with a credit card.\"",
"text": "\"Kuinka sait tavarat ulos kaupasta? Eihän sinulla ollut rahaa!\" \"Minä maksoinkin luottokortilla.\"",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The bus came late again (as always).",
"text": "Bussi tulikin taas myöhässä.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Even though I already knew most of the things taught, the course was still interesting.",
"text": "Vaikka osasinkin jo suurimman osan opetetuista asioista, kurssi oli silti kiinnostava.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"though, anyway, still, nonetheless, nevertheless; often not translated at all, used to underline an action"
],
"links": [
[
"though",
"though"
],
[
"anyway",
"anyway"
],
[
"still",
"still"
],
[
"nonetheless",
"nonetheless"
],
[
"nevertheless",
"nevertheless"
]
],
"qualifier": "appended to a verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(appended to a verb) though, anyway, still, nonetheless, nevertheless; often not translated at all, used to underline an action"
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He went to a famous school, and a good one at that.",
"text": "Hän meni kuuluisaan kouluun ja hyvään menikin.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at that (in addition to what has been said; furthermore; moreover)"
],
"links": [
[
"at that",
"at that"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Even I know how to do this!",
"text": "Minäkin osaisin tehdä tämän!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"even (implying extreme example)"
],
"links": [
[
"even",
"even"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whoever that person is, they are just trying to get your attention.",
"text": "Kuka ikinä onkin, hän yrittää vain saada huomiosi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ever (when used with a verb that has an interrogative pronoun, often with ikinä for emphasis)"
],
"links": [
[
"ever",
"ever"
],
[
"ikinä",
"ikinä#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's beautiful, isn't it?",
"text": "Eikö olekin kaunis?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form rhetorical questions or questions for which the speaker is seeking to have their opinion confirmed."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"particle"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "too",
"tags": [
"also"
],
"word": "myös"
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-kin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish suffix forms",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "diz- (“to arrange in a row”) + -gin → dizgin (“rein”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sal- (“to let loose, to let go”) + -gın → salgın (“outbreak, epidemic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dur- (“to stop”) + -gun → durgun (“still, calm”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ol- (“to be, to become”) + -gun → olgun (“ripe”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Assimilated form of -gin after the vowels E / İ."
],
"links": [
[
"-gin",
"-gin#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/cin/"
}
],
"word": "-kin"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: chiefly in the positive",
"path": [
"-kin"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "-kin",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.