"-ior" meaning in Latin

See -ior in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /i.or/ [Classical-Latin], [iɔr] [Classical-Latin], /i.or/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ior] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *-jōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs, for original **-yoss, i.e. the s-stem *-yos- with masculine nominative *-s. The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases. Afterwards nom.sg. -iōr > -ior, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in the r-stems (soror, -tor, -or), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long. Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-pro|*-jōs}} Proto-Italic *-jōs, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*-yōs}} Proto-Indo-European *-yōs Head templates: {{head|la|suffix|neuter|-ius|g=m|g2=f}} -ior m or f (neuter -ius) Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|-ior}} Forms: -ius [neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], -ior [feminine, masculine, nominative, singular], -ius [neuter, nominative, singular], -iōrēs [feminine, masculine, nominative, singular], -iōra [neuter, nominative, plural], -iōris [feminine, genitive, masculine, neuter, singular], -iōrum [feminine, genitive, masculine, neuter], -iōrī [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, singular], -iōribus [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter], -iōrem [accusative, feminine, masculine, singular], -ius [accusative, neuter, singular], -iōrēs [accusative, feminine, masculine, singular], -iōrīs [accusative, feminine, masculine, singular], -iōra [accusative, neuter, plural], -iōre [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, singular], -iōrī [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, singular], -iōribus [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter], -ior [feminine, masculine, singular, vocative], -ius [neuter, singular, vocative], -iōrēs [feminine, masculine, singular, vocative], -iōra [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. forms adjectives’ comparative degrees Wikipedia link: History of Latin Tags: declension-3, feminine, masculine, morpheme Related terms: -issimus (english: suffix forming adjectives’ superlative degrees)
    Sense id: en--ior-la-suffix-gwPigLZ6 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin suffixes with multiple genders, Pages using catfix, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*-jōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *-jōs",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yōs",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-jōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs, for original **-yoss, i.e. the s-stem *-yos- with masculine nominative *-s. The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases. Afterwards nom.sg. -iōr > -ior, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in the r-stems (soror, -tor, -or), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ior",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ior",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "neuter",
        "4": "-ius",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ior m or f (neuter -ius)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ior"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin suffixes with multiple genders",
          "parents": [
            "Suffixes with multiple genders",
            "Suffixes by gender",
            "Suffixes",
            "Morphemes",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "esculentus → esculentior"
        },
        {
          "text": "pūtidus → pūtidior"
        },
        {
          "text": "ulter → ulterior (not *ultrior)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adjectives’ comparative degrees"
      ],
      "id": "en--ior-la-suffix-gwPigLZ6",
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "suffix forming adjectives’ superlative degrees",
          "word": "-issimus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "History of Latin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.or/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[iɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i.or/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ior]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ior"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*-jōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *-jōs",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-yōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-yōs",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-jōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs, for original **-yoss, i.e. the s-stem *-yos- with masculine nominative *-s. The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases. Afterwards nom.sg. -iōr > -ior, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in the r-stems (soror, -tor, -or), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ior",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ior",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-iōra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "neuter",
        "4": "-ius",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-ior m or f (neuter -ius)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ior"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "suffix forming adjectives’ superlative degrees",
      "word": "-issimus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 2-syllable words",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin feminine suffixes",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin masculine suffixes",
        "Latin suffixes",
        "Latin suffixes with multiple genders",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "esculentus → esculentior"
        },
        {
          "text": "pūtidus → pūtidior"
        },
        {
          "text": "ulter → ulterior (not *ultrior)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adjectives’ comparative degrees"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "History of Latin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.or/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[iɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i.or/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ior]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ior"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ior meaning in Latin (4.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/20250113b",
  "msg": "Rowspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
  "path": [
    "-ior"
  ],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ior",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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