See -issimus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -issimus meaning in Latin (8.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-isme"
},
"expansion": "Old French: -isme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: -isme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-íssim",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: -íssim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: -íssim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "-issimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Franco-Provençal: -issimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Franco-Provençal: -issimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-issime",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: -issime",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: -issime"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "-ísimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: -ísimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: -ísimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-issimo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: -issimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: -issimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-íssimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: -íssimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: -íssimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "-ìssimu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: -ìssimu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: -ìssimu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-ísimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: -ísimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: -ísimo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-isemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-isemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-is-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-is-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-yōs",
"3": "",
"4": "intensive/comparative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-yōs (“intensive/comparative suffix”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tm̥mós",
"3": "",
"4": "absolute superlative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-tm̥mós (“absolute superlative suffix”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intimus"
},
"expansion": "intimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extimus"
},
"expansion": "extimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "citimus"
},
"expansion": "citimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ultimus"
},
"expansion": "ultimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pessimus"
},
"expansion": "pessimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "optimus"
},
"expansion": "optimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-m̥mós"
},
"expansion": "*-m̥mós",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "super",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "summus"
},
"expansion": "summus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"3": "",
"4": "innermost"
},
"expansion": "𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼𐌰 (innuma, “innermost”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "exter"
},
"expansion": "exter",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extimus"
},
"expansion": "extimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-umô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-umô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-most"
},
"expansion": "-most",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extrēmus"
},
"expansion": "extrēmus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suprēmus"
},
"expansion": "suprēmus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Via Proto-Italic *-isemos, from Proto-Indo-European *-is- (zero-grade of *-yōs (“intensive/comparative suffix”)) + *-tm̥mós (“absolute superlative suffix”). The latter is seen whole in -timus (e.g. intimus – extimus, citimus – ultimus, assimilated pessimus – optimus). The original form seems, however, to be *-m̥mós (cf. super – summus, Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼𐌰 (innuma, “innermost”)), with acquired t from the paradigm -ter- – -timus- (e.g. exter – extimus), and is cognate with Proto-Germanic *-umô (source, via metanalysis, of English -most). By various sound changes (e.g. *-isemos > *-ismos > -īmus) superlative grades in -īmus, -ēmus etc. (e.g. extrēmus, suprēmus) are also found.\nThe expected alteration of *-(o)ism̥mos to *-erimus is nowhere to be found. The -ss- may be an example of expressive lengthening of the *-s- or influence from specific forms as pessimus and endings in -errimus and -illimus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-issima",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-issimus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-ior"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "altus (“high”) + -issimus → altissimus (“highest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fortis (“strong”) + -issimus → fortissimus (“strongest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to an adjective noun to form its superlative grade:",
"Added to an adjective noun to form its superlative grade"
],
"id": "en--issimus-la-suffix-63m0bjhz",
"links": [
[
"superlative",
"superlative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Added to an adjective noun to form its superlative grade:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-issumus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈis.si.mus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪs̠ːɪmʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈis.si.mus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈisːimus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-issimus"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-ior"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-isme"
},
"expansion": "Old French: -isme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: -isme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "-íssim",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: -íssim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: -íssim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "-issimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Franco-Provençal: -issimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Franco-Provençal: -issimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-issime",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: -issime",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: -issime"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "-ísimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: -ísimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: -ísimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-issimo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: -issimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: -issimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-íssimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: -íssimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: -íssimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "-ìssimu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: -ìssimu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: -ìssimu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "-ísimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: -ísimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: -ísimo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*-isemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-isemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-is-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-is-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-yōs",
"3": "",
"4": "intensive/comparative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-yōs (“intensive/comparative suffix”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tm̥mós",
"3": "",
"4": "absolute superlative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-tm̥mós (“absolute superlative suffix”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intimus"
},
"expansion": "intimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extimus"
},
"expansion": "extimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "citimus"
},
"expansion": "citimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ultimus"
},
"expansion": "ultimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pessimus"
},
"expansion": "pessimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "optimus"
},
"expansion": "optimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-m̥mós"
},
"expansion": "*-m̥mós",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "super",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "summus"
},
"expansion": "summus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"3": "",
"4": "innermost"
},
"expansion": "𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼𐌰 (innuma, “innermost”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "exter"
},
"expansion": "exter",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extimus"
},
"expansion": "extimus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-umô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-umô",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-most"
},
"expansion": "-most",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "extrēmus"
},
"expansion": "extrēmus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suprēmus"
},
"expansion": "suprēmus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Via Proto-Italic *-isemos, from Proto-Indo-European *-is- (zero-grade of *-yōs (“intensive/comparative suffix”)) + *-tm̥mós (“absolute superlative suffix”). The latter is seen whole in -timus (e.g. intimus – extimus, citimus – ultimus, assimilated pessimus – optimus). The original form seems, however, to be *-m̥mós (cf. super – summus, Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼𐌰 (innuma, “innermost”)), with acquired t from the paradigm -ter- – -timus- (e.g. exter – extimus), and is cognate with Proto-Germanic *-umô (source, via metanalysis, of English -most). By various sound changes (e.g. *-isemos > *-ismos > -īmus) superlative grades in -īmus, -ēmus etc. (e.g. extrēmus, suprēmus) are also found.\nThe expected alteration of *-(o)ism̥mos to *-erimus is nowhere to be found. The -ss- may be an example of expressive lengthening of the *-s- or influence from specific forms as pessimus and endings in -errimus and -illimus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-issima",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-issima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-issimus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjective-forming suffixes",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension suffixes",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "altus (“high”) + -issimus → altissimus (“highest”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fortis (“strong”) + -issimus → fortissimus (“strongest”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to an adjective noun to form its superlative grade:",
"Added to an adjective noun to form its superlative grade"
],
"links": [
[
"superlative",
"superlative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Added to an adjective noun to form its superlative grade:"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈis.si.mus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪs̠ːɪmʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈis.si.mus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈisːimus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-issumus"
}
],
"word": "-issimus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.