See -er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-aar"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -aar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, borrowed from Latin -ārius. Cognate with Dutch -aar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ster",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ers",
"5": "feminine",
"6": "-ster",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (plural -ers, feminine -ster)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 4 24 15 3 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hoeden + -er → hoeder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spelen + -er → speler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-nl:agent_noun",
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nl:agent noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "schip + -er → schipper",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person associated with something."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-FklXlhVF",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "female inhabitant",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “male inhabitant”",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "A (male) inhabitant of Amsterdam",
"text": "Een Amsterdammer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting male inhabitants or residents of a place."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-nl:inhabitant",
"senseid": [
"nl:inhabitant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "The museum of Groningen",
"text": "Het Groninger museum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Formings adjectives denoting something originating from a place."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-ioEpZ4sT",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-iro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -iro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -iro, -oro, from Proto-Germanic *-izô, *-ōzô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-2h9~IxrD",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-eʀā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aizōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aizōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -er, from Old Dutch -ro, from Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā, from Proto-Germanic *-aizōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "onverrichter zake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the beauty of a woman",
"text": "de schoonheid ener vrouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-pP5rOJUB",
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in good faith",
"text": "te goeder trouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"id": "en--er-nl-suffix-Gz8sW6YL",
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: -er",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: -er"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-aar"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -aar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, borrowed from Latin -ārius. Cognate with Dutch -aar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ster",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-ers",
"5": "feminine",
"6": "-ster",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m (plural -ers, feminine -ster)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "hoeden + -er → hoeder",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spelen + -er → speler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nl:agent noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "schip + -er → schipper",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns for a person associated with something."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "female inhabitant",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “male inhabitant”",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch adjective-forming suffixes",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-āri"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-āri",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "A (male) inhabitant of Amsterdam",
"text": "Een Amsterdammer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns denoting male inhabitants or residents of a place."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:inhabitant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-aar"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "The museum of Groningen",
"text": "Het Groninger museum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Formings adjectives denoting something originating from a place."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-iro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -iro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch -iro, -oro, from Proto-Germanic *-izô, *-ōzô.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the comparative form of adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch inflectional suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 33 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -er",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "-ro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch -ro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-eʀā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-aizōz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-aizōz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -er, from Old Dutch -ro, from Proto-West Germanic *-eʀā, from Proto-Germanic *-aizōz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-er",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Dutch usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "onverrichter zake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the beauty of a woman",
"text": "de schoonheid ener vrouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular genitive."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in good faith",
"text": "te goeder trouw",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"qualifier": "except in fixed expressions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, except in fixed expressions) Used to form the (strong) feminine singular dative."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-der"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -er meaning in Dutch (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.