"-ész" meaning in Hungarian

See -ész in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: [eːs] Audio: Hu-ész.ogg
Rhymes: -eːs Head templates: {{head|hu|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -ész Inflection templates: {{hu-infl-nom|-észe|e|-}}, {{hu-infl-pos-table|1pl_pl=-észeink|1pl_sg=-észünk|1sg_pl=-észeim|1sg_sg=-észem|2pl_pl=-észeitek|2pl_sg=-észetek|2sg_pl=-észeid|2sg_sg=-észed|3pl_pl=-észeik|3pl_sg=-észük|3sg_pl=-észei|3sg_sg=-észe|n=|perspron=}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -ész [nominative, singular], -észek [nominative, plural], -észt [accusative, singular], -észeket [accusative, plural], -észnek [dative, singular], -észeknek [dative, plural], -ésszel [instrumental, singular], -észekkel [instrumental, plural], -észért [causal-final, singular], -észekért [causal-final, plural], -ésszé [singular, translative], -észekké [plural, translative], -észig [singular, terminative], -észekig [plural, terminative], -észként [essive-formal, singular], -észekként [essive-formal, plural], - [essive-modal, singular], - [essive-modal, plural], -észben [inessive, singular], -észekben [inessive, plural], -észen [singular, superessive], -észeken [plural, superessive], -észnél [adessive, singular], -észeknél [adessive, plural], -észbe [illative, singular], -észekbe [illative, plural], -észre [singular, sublative], -észekre [plural, sublative], -észhez [allative, singular], -észekhez [allative, plural], -észből [elative, singular], -észekből [elative, plural], -észről [delative, singular], -észekről [delative, plural], -észtől [ablative, singular], -észektől [ablative, plural], -észé [possessed-single, possessive, predicative, singular], -észeké [plural, possessed-single, possessive, predicative], -észéi [possessed-single, possessive, predicative, singular], -észekéi [plural, possessed-single, possessive, predicative], no-table-tags [table-tags], -észem [first-person, possessed-single, possessive, singular], -észeim [first-person, possessed-many, possessive, singular], -észed [possessed-single, possessive, second-person, singular], -észeid [possessed-many, possessive, second-person, singular], -észe [possessed-single, possessive, singular, third-person], -észei [possessed-many, possessive, singular, third-person], -észünk [first-person, plural, possessed-single, possessive], -észeink [first-person, plural, possessed-many, possessive], -észetek [plural, possessed-single, possessive, second-person], -észeitek [plural, possessed-many, possessive, second-person], -észük [plural, possessed-single, possessive, third-person], -észeik [plural, possessed-many, possessive, third-person]
  1. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun denoting an occupation. Tags: morpheme Derived forms: -észet
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-infl-nom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "front unrounded harmony",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-e-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ész",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeket",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észnek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeknek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ésszel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekkel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ésszé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeken",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észnél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeknél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észtől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észektől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észéi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekéi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-pos-etek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észed",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észünk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeink",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észetek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeitek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észük",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeik",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ész",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-észe",
        "2": "e",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-nom"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1pl_pl": "-észeink",
        "1pl_sg": "-észünk",
        "1sg_pl": "-észeim",
        "1sg_sg": "-észem",
        "2pl_pl": "-észeitek",
        "2pl_sg": "-észetek",
        "2sg_pl": "-észeid",
        "2sg_sg": "-észed",
        "3pl_pl": "-észeik",
        "3pl_sg": "-észük",
        "3sg_pl": "-észei",
        "3sg_sg": "-észe",
        "n": "",
        "perspron": ""
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "-észet"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "nyelv (“language”) + -ész → nyelvész (“linguist”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "fénykép (“photo”) + -ész → fényképész (“photographer”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "épít (“to build”) + -ész → építész (“architect”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun denoting an occupation."
      ],
      "id": "en--ész-hu-suffix-5liumLJl",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "noun-forming suffix",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun denoting an occupation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Hu-ész.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Hu-%C3%A9sz.ogg/Hu-%C3%A9sz.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hu-%C3%A9sz.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eːs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ész"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "-észet"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-infl-nom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "front unrounded harmony",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-e-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ész",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeket",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észnek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeknek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ésszel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekkel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekért",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "causal-final",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ésszé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekig",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekként",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-formal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive-modal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekben",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeken",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észnél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeknél",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekbe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sublative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekhez",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekből",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekről",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "delative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észtől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észektől",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észéi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észekéi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hu-pos-etek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észed",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észünk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeink",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észetek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeitek",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észük",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-single",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-észeik",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-many",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ész",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-észe",
        "2": "e",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-nom"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1pl_pl": "-észeink",
        "1pl_sg": "-észünk",
        "1sg_pl": "-észeim",
        "1sg_sg": "-észem",
        "2pl_pl": "-észeitek",
        "2pl_sg": "-észetek",
        "2sg_pl": "-észeid",
        "2sg_sg": "-észed",
        "3pl_pl": "-észeik",
        "3pl_sg": "-észük",
        "3sg_pl": "-észei",
        "3sg_sg": "-észe",
        "n": "",
        "perspron": ""
      },
      "name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Hungarian lemmas",
        "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Hungarian noun-forming suffixes",
        "Hungarian suffixes",
        "Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Hungarian/eːs",
        "Rhymes:Hungarian/eːs/1 syllable"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "nyelv (“language”) + -ész → nyelvész (“linguist”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "fénykép (“photo”) + -ész → fényképész (“photographer”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "épít (“to build”) + -ész → építész (“architect”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun denoting an occupation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "noun-forming suffix",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun denoting an occupation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[eːs]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Hu-ész.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Hu-%C3%A9sz.ogg/Hu-%C3%A9sz.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hu-%C3%A9sz.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eːs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ész"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ész meaning in Hungarian (7.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Hungarian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.