"-ci" meaning in Nupe

See -ci in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /t͡ʃī/
Head templates: {{head|nup|suffix|head=-ci}} -ci, {{nup-pos|suffix|-ci|cat2=agentive suffixes|cat3=noun-forming suffixes|cat4=productive suffixes}} -ci
  1. (added to nouns) Used to form an agent noun Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ci-nup-suffix-kjrwR~CF Categories (other): Pages using catfix Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 29 35 35
  2. (added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ci-nup-suffix-I1eqqhyW Categories (other): Pages using catfix Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 29 35 35
  3. (added to nouns) Used to form plant names from the name of the fruit Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ci-nup-suffix-I4AQSrIX Categories (other): Pages using catfix Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 29 35 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /t͡ʃī/
Head templates: {{head|nup|suffix|head=-ci}} -ci, {{nup-pos|suffix|-ci|cat2=adjective-forming suffixes|cat3=productive suffixes}} -ci
  1. Used to form ordinal numerals Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ci-nup-suffix-nup:ordinal Categories (other): Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Nupe entries with incorrect language header, Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:nup-pos Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 8 8 4 6 13 8 52 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 11 11 2 3 12 4 56 Disambiguation of Nupe entries with incorrect language header: 7 20 10 63 Disambiguation of Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:nup-pos: 13 22 17 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nup",
        "2": "suffix",
        "head": "-ci"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix",
        "2": "-ci",
        "cat2": "agentive suffixes",
        "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "cat4": "productive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "nup-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Nupe",
  "lang_code": "nup",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ebasan (“divination”) + -ci → ebasanci (“diviner”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "nuwangbin (“swimming”) + -ci → nuwangbinci (“swimmer”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dòkò (“horse”) + -ci → dòkòci (“horse-rider”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "enunù (“hoeing”) + -ci → enunùci (“farmer”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form an agent noun"
      ],
      "id": "en--ci-nup-suffix-kjrwR~CF",
      "links": [
        [
          "agent noun",
          "agent noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(added to nouns) Used to form an agent noun"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "added to nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Nupe (“Nupe”) + -ci → Nupeci (“Nupe person”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Pátígi (“Patigi”) + -ci → Pátígici (“Patigi person”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "latí (“farm”) + -ci → latíci (“rural person”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym"
      ],
      "id": "en--ci-nup-suffix-I1eqqhyW",
      "links": [
        [
          "resident",
          "resident"
        ],
        [
          "inhabitant",
          "inhabitant"
        ],
        [
          "demonym",
          "demonym#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "added to a proper noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ègbà (“deleb palm fruit”) + -ci → gbàci (“deleb palm tree”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ekò (“shea nut kernel”) + -ci → kòci (“shea tree”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "yìkunnu (“palm fruit”) + -ci → yìkunnuci (“oil palm tree”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form plant names from the name of the fruit"
      ],
      "id": "en--ci-nup-suffix-I4AQSrIX",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(added to nouns) Used to form plant names from the name of the fruit"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "added to nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃī/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ci"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nup",
        "2": "suffix",
        "head": "-ci"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix",
        "2": "-ci",
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "productive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "nup-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Nupe",
  "lang_code": "nup",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 8 4 6 13 8 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 2 3 12 4 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 20 10 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Nupe entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 22 17 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:nup-pos",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Twabàci (“Seventh”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form ordinal numerals"
      ],
      "id": "en--ci-nup-suffix-nup:ordinal",
      "links": [
        [
          "ordinal",
          "ordinal#English"
        ],
        [
          "numeral",
          "numeral#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nup:ordinal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃī/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ci"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Nupe entries with incorrect language header",
    "Nupe lemmas",
    "Nupe suffixes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:nup-pos",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nup",
        "2": "suffix",
        "head": "-ci"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix",
        "2": "-ci",
        "cat2": "agentive suffixes",
        "cat3": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "cat4": "productive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "nup-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Nupe",
  "lang_code": "nup",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ebasan (“divination”) + -ci → ebasanci (“diviner”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "nuwangbin (“swimming”) + -ci → nuwangbinci (“swimmer”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dòkò (“horse”) + -ci → dòkòci (“horse-rider”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "enunù (“hoeing”) + -ci → enunùci (“farmer”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form an agent noun"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "agent noun",
          "agent noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(added to nouns) Used to form an agent noun"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "added to nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Nupe (“Nupe”) + -ci → Nupeci (“Nupe person”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Pátígi (“Patigi”) + -ci → Pátígici (“Patigi person”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "latí (“farm”) + -ci → latíci (“rural person”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "resident",
          "resident"
        ],
        [
          "inhabitant",
          "inhabitant"
        ],
        [
          "demonym",
          "demonym#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "added to a proper noun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ègbà (“deleb palm fruit”) + -ci → gbàci (“deleb palm tree”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ekò (“shea nut kernel”) + -ci → kòci (“shea tree”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "yìkunnu (“palm fruit”) + -ci → yìkunnuci (“oil palm tree”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form plant names from the name of the fruit"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(added to nouns) Used to form plant names from the name of the fruit"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "added to nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃī/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ci"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Nupe entries with incorrect language header",
    "Nupe lemmas",
    "Nupe suffixes",
    "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:nup-pos",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nup",
        "2": "suffix",
        "head": "-ci"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix",
        "2": "-ci",
        "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "productive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ci",
      "name": "nup-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Nupe",
  "lang_code": "nup",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Twabàci (“Seventh”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form ordinal numerals"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ordinal",
          "ordinal#English"
        ],
        [
          "numeral",
          "numeral#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "nup:ordinal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃī/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ci"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ci meaning in Nupe (3.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "-ci",
    "Template:nup-pos",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Nupe",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ci",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Nupe dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.