See -ler on Wiktionary
{
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"args": {
"1": "de",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rebracketing of stems ending in -l and the suffix -er, in words like Sattler, Ziegler, and in derivations from diminutive verbs in -eln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lers",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ler m (strong, genitive -lers, plural -ler)",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to create nouns linking a person (or thing) to some group, activity, object; similar to -er, but usually attached to nouns, not verbs."
],
"id": "en--ler-de-suffix-eXqkboc8",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-v",
"2": "trunc",
"3": "replace"
},
"expansion": "-ler (n-v, truncative)",
"name": "kl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aki (“currency, price”) -> akilerpaa (“pays”)"
},
{
"text": "ateq (“name”) -> atserpaa (“names, gives a name to”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"provides with"
],
"id": "en--ler-kl-suffix-a9xU3GJP",
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "v-v",
"2": "trunc"
},
"expansion": "-ler (v-v, truncative)",
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}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greenlandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"has begun to [verb], is about to [verb], is in the process of [verb]ing"
],
"id": "en--ler-kl-suffix-BsH9rKGj",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـلر"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـلر",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-cmn",
"3": "*-ler"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic *-ler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "-lar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-сем"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash -сем (-sem)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "-ڛَم"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar -ڛَم",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـلر, ultimately from Common Turkic *-ler, a plural suffix which is absent from Proto-Turkic. Found as Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar) (back variant) but not found in the sister Oghur branch (compare Chuvash -сем (-sem), Bulgar -ڛَم), where it descended from *sāyïn (“every”). The Chuvash plural suffix, however, lacks vowel harmony unlike other suffixes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-lar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "çiçek (“flower”) + -ler → çiçekler (“flowers”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There will always be people like Mustafa Kemal in this country.",
"text": "Bu ülkede daima Mustafa Kemaller olacak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We will go to my aunt's (home).",
"text": "Teyzemlere gideceğiz.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form plurals of nouns."
],
"id": "en--ler-tr-suffix-EkdOjNQj",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[leɾ]",
"note": "before vowels or at end of speech"
},
{
"ipa": "[læɾ]",
"note": "before consonants"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "rebracketing",
"name": "rebracketing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rebracketing of stems ending in -l and the suffix -er, in words like Sattler, Ziegler, and in derivations from diminutive verbs in -eln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-lers",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lern",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ler m (strong, genitive -lers, plural -ler)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German rebracketings",
"German suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to create nouns linking a person (or thing) to some group, activity, object; similar to -er, but usually attached to nouns, not verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ler.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greenlandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Greenlandic lemmas",
"Greenlandic suffixes",
"Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-v",
"2": "trunc",
"3": "replace"
},
"expansion": "-ler (n-v, truncative)",
"name": "kl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aki (“currency, price”) -> akilerpaa (“pays”)"
},
{
"text": "ateq (“name”) -> atserpaa (“names, gives a name to”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"provides with"
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-noun"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greenlandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Greenlandic lemmas",
"Greenlandic suffixes",
"Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "v-v",
"2": "trunc"
},
"expansion": "-ler (v-v, truncative)",
"name": "kl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"has begun to [verb], is about to [verb], is in the process of [verb]ing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"truncative",
"verb-from-verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lir/",
"note": "Nuuk"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lɜʁ]",
"note": "Nuuk"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـلر"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـلر",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-cmn",
"3": "*-ler"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic *-ler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "-lar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-сем"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash -сем (-sem)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "-ڛَم"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar -ڛَم",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـلر, ultimately from Common Turkic *-ler, a plural suffix which is absent from Proto-Turkic. Found as Old Turkic [script needed] (-lar) (back variant) but not found in the sister Oghur branch (compare Chuvash -сем (-sem), Bulgar -ڛَم), where it descended from *sāyïn (“every”). The Chuvash plural suffix, however, lacks vowel harmony unlike other suffixes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-lar",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ler",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ler",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Common Turkic",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Common Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "çiçek (“flower”) + -ler → çiçekler (“flowers”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There will always be people like Mustafa Kemal in this country.",
"text": "Bu ülkede daima Mustafa Kemaller olacak.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We will go to my aunt's (home).",
"text": "Teyzemlere gideceğiz.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form plurals of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[leɾ]",
"note": "before vowels or at end of speech"
},
{
"ipa": "[læɾ]",
"note": "before consonants"
}
],
"word": "-ler"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ler meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'E / İ / Ö / Ü'",
"path": [
"-ler"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ler",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.