See -er in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:-er<id:agent suffix>",
"id": "agent suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ariusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -erbor.\nPolish -er",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -er",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ariusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -erbor.\nPolish -er\nBorrowed from English -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-er"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"er"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 38 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aport + -er → aporter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, creates an agent noun"
],
"id": "en--er-pl-suffix-dbp02DCM",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:-er<id:agent suffix>",
"id": "agent suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ariusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -erbor.\nPolish -er",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -er",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ariusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -erbor.\nPolish -er\nBorrowed from English -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erzy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-er m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-er"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"er"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 38 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine suffixes",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from Old English",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛr",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛr/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aport + -er → aporter",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, creates an agent noun"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "-er"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -er meaning in Polish (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.