See foul in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "afoul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "befoul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biofouling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by fair means or foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cry foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fall foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul anchor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul berth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul bill of health"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul feeder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul language"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul line"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul marten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul-mouthed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul play"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul pole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul shot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul-smelling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul-spoken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul-tempered"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul tick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul tip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul-tongued"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul trouble"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul wind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in one foul swoop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "make foul water"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonfoul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonfouling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foul",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English foul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English foul",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fūl",
"4": "",
"5": "foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty"
},
"expansion": "Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlaz",
"4": "",
"5": "foul, rotten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul, rotten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to rot”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vuil",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vuil (“foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "faul",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, rotten, putrid, lazy"
},
"expansion": "German faul (“foul, rotten, putrid, lazy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fuul",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, rotten, putrid"
},
"expansion": "German Low German fuul (“foul, rotten, putrid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "fúlur",
"3": "",
"4": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Faroese fúlur (“foul”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fúll",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, rotten, sullen"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic fúll (“foul, rotten, sullen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "nasty, ugly"
},
"expansion": "Danish ful (“nasty, ugly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "clever, sly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "clever, sly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "ugly, dirty, bad"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ful (“ugly, dirty, bad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fëlliq",
"3": "",
"4": "to make dirty"
},
"expansion": "Albanian fëlliq (“to make dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "puter",
"3": "",
"4": "rotten"
},
"expansion": "Latin puter (“rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαῦλος",
"3": "",
"4": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos, “bad”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English foul, from Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūl, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul, rotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to rot”).\nCognate with Dutch vuil (“foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd”), German faul (“foul, rotten, putrid, lazy”), German Low German fuul (“foul, rotten, putrid”), Faroese fúlur (“foul”), Icelandic fúll (“foul, rotten, sullen”), Danish ful (“nasty, ugly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”) and Swedish ful (“ugly, dirty, bad”), and through Indo-European, with Albanian fëlliq (“to make dirty”), Latin puter (“rotten”). More at putrid.\nAncient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos, “bad”) is a false cognate inasmuch as it is not from the same etymon, instead being cognate to few.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fouler",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "foulest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul (comparative fouler, superlative foulest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 5 4 3 21 2 1 2 1 7 3 4 7 0 0 3 1 2 3 4 3 2 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hygiene",
"orig": "en:Hygiene",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This cloth is too foul to use as a duster.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His foul hands got dirt all over the kitchen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The air was so foul nobody could breathe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A ship's bottom is foul when overgrown with barnacles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A well is foul with polluted water.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 342:",
"text": "It was, however, most interesting work, and the moulders themselves were a decent crowd, never tired of making jokes about themselves such as the hoary one that moulders did not live long, which however ran counter to the other one that no germs could live in a foundry—the atmosphere was too foul.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:",
"text": "Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covered with, or containing unclean matter; dirty."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-c6Hlw4IU",
"links": [
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎsen",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "мръсен"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zamǎrsen",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "замърсен"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污濁"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūzhuó",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污浊"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污穢"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūhuì",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污秽"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "likainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "saastainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "epäpuhdas"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "souillé"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "porco"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "sucio"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "schmutzig"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "stinkend"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "unrein"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "fuls",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pis",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "پیس"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "murdar",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "مردار"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "ful"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gádkij",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "га́дкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grjáznyj",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "гря́зный"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "caca"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 6 1 7 5 1 2 5 7 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "inmundo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 10 19 10 14 3 3 6 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The rascal spewed forth a series of foul words.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His foul language causes many people to believe he is uneducated.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obscene, vulgar or abusive."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-wwlljGbi",
"links": [
[
"Obscene",
"obscene"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"abusive",
"abusive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of words or a way of speaking) Obscene, vulgar or abusive."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of words or a way of speaking"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepriličen",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "неприличен"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepristoen",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "непристоен"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "siivoton"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "ruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "törkyinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "törkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indécent"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "unflätig"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "vulgär ausdrückend"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "unanständig"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "obszön"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "gemein"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "zotig"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "garstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "verdorben"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "foedus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepristójnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "непристо́йный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprilíčnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "неприли́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepotrébnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "непотре́бный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulʹgárnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "вульга́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poxábnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "поха́бный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skvérnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "скве́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "grosero"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 80 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "obsceno"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 13 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 14 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 3 4 9 5 4 14 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 11 4 3 1 1 2 4 8 4 3 15 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 22 9 6 7 2 7 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 11 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 16 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 19 10 14 3 3 6 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 21 10 7 7 4 7 8 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 43 9 4 2 2 4 8 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 27 11 7 4 3 5 8 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He has a foul set of friends.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:",
"text": "[…]Hast thou forgot / The foul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy / Was grown into a hoop? Hast thou forgot her?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1982 March 18, w:Eric J. Cassel[l], “The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 306, number 11, →DOI, page 642:",
"text": "Cultural norms and social rules regulate whether someone can be among others or will be isolated, whether the sick will be considered foul or acceptable, and whether they are to be pitied or censured.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Detestable, unpleasant, loathsome."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-QBCuI2Xo",
"links": [
[
"Detestable",
"detestable"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"loathsome",
"loathsome"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 63 13 4 2 1 1 3 10",
"sense": "hateful, detestable",
"word": "shameful"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 63 13 4 2 1 1 3 10",
"sense": "hateful, detestable",
"word": "odious"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 63 13 4 2 1 1 3 10",
"sense": "hateful, detestable",
"word": "wretched"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvratitelen",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "отвратителен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protiven",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "противен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "häpeällinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "häijy"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "widerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "garstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "schändlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "foedus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "detestável"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítelʹnyj",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "отврати́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gádkij",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "га́дкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "repugnante"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 6 63 12 5 1 1 1 2 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "perro"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This foul food is making me retch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "There was a foul smell coming from the toilet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disgusting, repulsive; causing disgust."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-wR2rjbXn",
"links": [
[
"Disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"repulsive",
"repulsive"
],
[
"disgust",
"disgust"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvratitelen",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "отвратителен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "inhottava"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "iljettävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "vastenmielinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "répugnant"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "faul"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "stinkend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "widerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "abscheulich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "abstoßend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "widerwärtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "eklig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "ekelhaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "scheußlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "überriechend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "faulig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disgustoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "ripugnante"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "nauseante"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "foedus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "ful"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítelʹnyj",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "отврати́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 6 59 18 3 1 2 3 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "caca"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 10 19 10 14 3 3 6 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 4 3 21 2 1 2 1 7 3 4 7 0 0 3 1 2 3 4 3 2 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hygiene",
"orig": "en:Hygiene",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ugly; homely; poor."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-2ihNB4qD",
"links": [
[
"Ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"homely",
"homely"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Ugly; homely; poor."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "surkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "einfach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "schlicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "gewöhnlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "arm"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "geringwertig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "häßlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítelʹnyj",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "отврати́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 6 85 0 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bezobráznyj",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "безобра́зный"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Some foul weather is brewing.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "So foul a sky clears not without a storm.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unpleasant, stormy or rainy. (of the weather)"
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-mpzf9P-x",
"links": [
[
"Unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"rainy",
"rainy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Foul play is not suspected.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dishonest or not conforming to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-oRzosdjq",
"links": [
[
"Dishonest",
"dishonest"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 13 6 4 1 26 19 7 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neblagoprijaten",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "неблагоприятен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 13 6 4 1 26 19 7 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 13 6 4 1 26 19 7 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 13 6 4 1 26 19 7 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "ungünstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 13 6 4 1 26 19 7 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gádkij",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "га́дкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 13 6 4 1 26 19 7 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skvérnyj",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "скве́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 13 6 4 1 26 19 7 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paskúdnyj",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "паску́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 3 2 1 62 13 3 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečesten",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "нечестен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 3 2 1 62 13 3 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "sääntöjen vastainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 3 2 1 62 13 3 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "väärä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 3 2 1 62 13 3 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "unfair"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 3 2 1 62 13 3 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "unehrlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 3 2 1 62 13 3 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "unaufrichtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 3 2 1 62 13 3 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nečéstnyj",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "нече́стный"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We've got a foul anchor.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A rope could get foul while it is being paid out.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Entangled and therefore restricting free movement, not clear."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-U9FaI-Xp",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Entangled and therefore restricting free movement, not clear."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 9 22 9 6 7 2 7 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 19 10 14 3 3 6 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Railway Investigation Report R13T0192",
"text": "The bus had stopped just foul of the north track at the Erindale Station Road public railway crossing […] With the bus stationary, but still foul of the north track, the train struck one of its front mirrors."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with \"of\") Positioned on, in, or near enough to (a specified area) so as to obstruct it."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-KjL1jLLe",
"links": [
[
"technical",
"technical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(technical) (with \"of\") Positioned on, in, or near enough to (a specified area) so as to obstruct it."
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baseball",
"orig": "en:Baseball",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 22 9 6 7 2 7 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 19 10 14 3 3 6 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 21 10 7 7 4 7 8 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones hit foul ball after foul ball.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Outside of the base lines; in foul territory."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-adj-bbS8-7pI",
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
],
[
"foul territory",
"foul territory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baseball) Outside of the base lines; in foul territory."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 7 11 13 6 2 3 16 13 21",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opleten",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "оплетен"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 7 11 13 6 2 3 16 13 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "juuttunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 7 11 13 6 2 3 16 13 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "festhängend"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 7 11 13 6 2 3 16 13 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "gefangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 7 11 13 6 2 3 16 13 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "verfangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 7 11 13 6 2 3 16 13 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "verhakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 7 11 13 6 2 3 16 13 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "verklemmt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 0 2 3 0 1 3 2 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outside of the base lines",
"word": "laiton"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "foul"
},
{
"ipa": "/faʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-foul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg/En-us-foul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "fowl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"word": "foul"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul one's own nest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foul-up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fūlian",
"t": "to become foul; rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūlēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlāną",
"t": "to rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fouls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fouled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fouled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foul (third-person singular simple present fouls, present participle fouling, simple past and past participle fouled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to foul the face or hands with mire",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She's fouled her diaper.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-4V5i8FFu",
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "befoul"
},
{
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"word": "besmirch"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "tahrata"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "enfouzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "emporcar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "lixar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verschmutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verunreinigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sich in die Hose machen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sich einmachen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sich anmachen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "versauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verderben"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verpfuschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "vermasseln"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "imbrattare"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "poluo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "polluo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "smutsa ner"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He's fouled his reputation.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To besmirch."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-tHPJP7gF",
"links": [
[
"besmirch",
"besmirch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To besmirch."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opetnjavam",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "опетнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "besmeuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "tahrata"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "verschmutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "verderben"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "foedō"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnatʹ",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "пятнать"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 58 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "befläcka"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The hair has fouled the drain.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1961 November, “Talking of Trains: Aircraft on rail tracks”, in Trains Illustrated, page 650:",
"text": "As a result of the accident at Southend Airport when a Hermes aircraft overshot the runway and fouled the down Shenfield to Southend Victoria line between Rochford and Prittlewell, the Eastern Region is considering warning arrangements, which have already been provided on some lines running past aerodromes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To clog or obstruct."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-HYAAuZR9",
"links": [
[
"clog",
"clog"
],
[
"obstruct",
"obstruct"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To clog or obstruct."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadrǎstvam",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "задръствам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "verstoppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "tukkia"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "verstopfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "blockieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zasorjátʹ",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "засоря́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "tapar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 83 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "obstruer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The kelp has fouled the prop.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1941, Emily Carr, chapter 18, in Klee Wyck:",
"text": "The Indian's heart was sore for his boat; it looked as if nothing could save her. She was drifting more slowly now, her propeller fouled in kelp.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To entangle."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-1ZBc66M1",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"entangle",
"entangle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, nautical) To entangle."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oplitam",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "оплитам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "verwirren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "verwickeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "hängenbleiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "sich verfangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "festhängen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapútyvatʹ",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "запу́тывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 72 2 1 1 1 1 13 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "enredar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Basketball",
"orig": "en:Basketball",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smith fouled him hard.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-fbfIUzdP",
"links": [
[
"basketball",
"basketball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, basketball) To make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"basketball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fauliram",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "фаулирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "rikkoa sääntöjä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "kollidieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "zusammenstossen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "zusammenstoßen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 82 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Basketball",
"orig": "en:Basketball",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smith fouled within the first minute of the quarter.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To commit a foul."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-wGGmssxo",
"links": [
[
"basketball",
"basketball"
],
[
"foul",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, basketball) To commit a foul."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"basketball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fauliram",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "фаулирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "unanständig spielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "unfair spielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "falsch spielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "folítʹ",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "фоли́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "cometer una falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 3 83 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "foula"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baseball",
"orig": "en:Baseball",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones fouled the ball off the facing of the upper deck.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit outside of the baselines."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-6eMXMFO4",
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, baseball) To hit outside of the baselines."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 62 24 1 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"word": "lyödä ulos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 62 24 1 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"word": "lyödä väärä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 62 24 1 1 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 62 24 1 1 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 62 24 1 1 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baseball",
"orig": "en:Baseball",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones fouled for strike one.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit a ball outside of the baselines."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-XTExTmzI",
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, baseball) To hit a ball outside of the baselines."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 26 61 0 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 26 61 0 0 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 26 61 0 0 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 3 3 26 61 0 0 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zafalivatʹ",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "зафаливать"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The drain fouled.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become clogged."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-SRDMwq~X",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become clogged."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 66 21 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadrǎstvam se",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "задръствам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 66 21 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "tukkeutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 66 21 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "verstopften"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 66 21 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "blockieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 66 21 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zasorjatʹsja",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "засоряться"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 66 21 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "taparse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The prop fouled on the kelp.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become entangled."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-Tsjyg-O7",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become entangled."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 20 61 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oplitam se",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "оплитам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 20 61 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "sotkeutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 20 61 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "verwirrt werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 20 61 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "sich verwickeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 20 61 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "sich verfangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 20 61 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaputyvatʹsja",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "запутываться"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 20 61 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "enredarse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 13 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 14 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 3 4 9 5 4 14 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 9 4 3 1 1 2 4 8 4 4 15 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 9 4 3 1 1 2 3 8 4 4 15 2 2 2 2 4 5 5 5 2 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 11 4 3 1 1 2 4 8 4 3 15 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 10 5 2 1 1 3 7 7 3 3 12 1 1 2 2 3 6 4 4 2 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 9 6 2 1 1 4 7 8 4 4 12 1 1 2 1 3 6 4 3 2 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 11 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 16 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 9 5 4 1 1 2 3 7 4 4 13 1 1 2 2 4 3 4 4 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963 July, “News and Comment: The future of coal by rail”, in Modern Railways, page 5:",
"text": "The full capacity, however, requires a hopper of a size that takes the wagon body up to 11ft 11½in above rail level, which would foul many existing colliery screens.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To come into contact or collide with."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-verb-0KIpZRbQ"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "foul"
},
{
"ipa": "/faʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-foul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg/En-us-foul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "fowl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"word": "foul"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "offensive foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "party foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "personal foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "professional foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "technical foul"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "foul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cantonese: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cantonese: foul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "faul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: faul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: faul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "фол",
"bor": "on"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: фол (fol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: фол (fol)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "faul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: faul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: faul"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fūlian",
"t": "to become foul; rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūlēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlāną",
"t": "to rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fouls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foul (plural fouls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "foul fish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 December 10, Arindam Rej, “Norwich 4 - 2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "A second Norwich goal in four minutes arrived after some dire Newcastle defending. Gosling gave the ball away with a sloppy back-pass, allowing Crofts to curl in a cross that the unmarked Morison powered in with a firm, 12-yard header.\nGosling's plight worsened when he was soon shown a red card for a foul on Martin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-noun-GsoN3D0D",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"game",
"game"
],
[
"tripping someone up",
"trip up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bowling",
"orig": "en:Bowling",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (usually accidental) contact between a bowler and the lane before the bowler has released the ball."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-noun-Wq6uopRi",
"links": [
[
"bowling",
"bowling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bowling) A (usually accidental) contact between a bowler and the lane before the bowler has released the ball."
],
"topics": [
"bowling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baseball",
"orig": "en:Baseball",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 9 4 2 1 1 3 5 12 4 3 17 0 0 1 1 4 5 6 5 1 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 13 3 2 0 1 1 2 7 3 3 24 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 1 1 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 1 2 6 3 2 1 1 3 4 10 4 3 13 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 8 2 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 1 1 2 7 4 2 0 1 2 3 11 4 3 15 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 4 1 1 10 2 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 0 1 9 4 1 0 0 1 3 12 4 3 17 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 5 1 1 12 1 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 11 4 3 2 1 2 5 9 5 4 14 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 11 4 2 1 1 3 3 9 5 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 5 6 5 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 13 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 14 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 3 4 9 5 4 14 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 9 4 3 1 1 2 4 8 4 4 15 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 11 5 3 2 1 3 3 8 5 4 14 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 12 4 2 2 1 2 3 8 4 4 17 1 1 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 9 4 3 1 1 2 3 8 4 4 15 2 2 2 2 4 5 5 5 2 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 8 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 11 4 3 1 1 2 4 8 4 3 15 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 10 5 2 1 1 3 7 7 3 3 12 1 1 2 2 3 6 4 4 2 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 9 6 2 1 1 4 7 8 4 4 12 1 1 2 1 3 6 4 3 2 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 11 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 16 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 12 4 2 1 1 2 4 9 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 11 4 4 2 1 3 3 9 5 4 14 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 9 5 4 1 1 2 3 7 4 4 13 1 1 2 2 4 3 4 4 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 10 4 2 3 1 4 5 8 5 4 13 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 4 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 1 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 9 4 2 1 1 2 4 10 4 4 17 1 1 2 2 4 4 5 5 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 11 4 2 1 1 2 3 10 4 3 17 1 1 2 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 11 5 3 2 1 2 3 9 4 4 15 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 4 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones hit a foul up over the screen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A foul ball, a ball which has been hit outside of the base lines."
],
"id": "en-foul-en-noun-RihU-MlB",
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
],
[
"foul ball",
"foul ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baseball) A foul ball, a ball which has been hit outside of the base lines."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muḵālafa",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "مُخَالَفَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "faul",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фаул"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faul"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "vastik"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "rike"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "rikkominen"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faute"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Regelverstoß"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fáoul",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φάουλ"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "szabálytalanság"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "falt"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fauru",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "ファウル"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "paul",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "파울"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "hapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fol",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "فول"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xatâ",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "خطا"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faul"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fol",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фол"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "infracción"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faul"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "fauli"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"basketball",
"ball-games",
"games",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "foul"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "general term",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "regelöverträdelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "general term",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regelbrott"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 15 59",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "faul"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "foul"
},
{
"ipa": "/faʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-foul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg/En-us-foul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "fowl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"word": "foul"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *puH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/aʊəl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Hygiene"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afoul"
},
{
"word": "befoul"
},
{
"word": "biofouling"
},
{
"word": "by fair means or foul"
},
{
"word": "cry foul"
},
{
"word": "fall foul"
},
{
"word": "foul anchor"
},
{
"word": "foul berth"
},
{
"word": "foul bill of health"
},
{
"word": "foul feeder"
},
{
"word": "foul language"
},
{
"word": "foul line"
},
{
"word": "foul marten"
},
{
"word": "foul-mouthed"
},
{
"word": "foul play"
},
{
"word": "foul pole"
},
{
"word": "foul shot"
},
{
"word": "foul-smelling"
},
{
"word": "foul-spoken"
},
{
"word": "foul-tempered"
},
{
"word": "foul tick"
},
{
"word": "foul tip"
},
{
"word": "foul-tongued"
},
{
"word": "foul trouble"
},
{
"word": "foul wind"
},
{
"word": "in one foul swoop"
},
{
"word": "make foul water"
},
{
"word": "nonfoul"
},
{
"word": "nonfouling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foul",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English foul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English foul",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fūl",
"4": "",
"5": "foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty"
},
"expansion": "Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlaz",
"4": "",
"5": "foul, rotten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul, rotten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to rot”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vuil",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vuil (“foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "faul",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, rotten, putrid, lazy"
},
"expansion": "German faul (“foul, rotten, putrid, lazy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fuul",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, rotten, putrid"
},
"expansion": "German Low German fuul (“foul, rotten, putrid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "fúlur",
"3": "",
"4": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Faroese fúlur (“foul”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fúll",
"3": "",
"4": "foul, rotten, sullen"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic fúll (“foul, rotten, sullen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "nasty, ugly"
},
"expansion": "Danish ful (“nasty, ugly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "clever, sly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "clever, sly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ful",
"3": "",
"4": "ugly, dirty, bad"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ful (“ugly, dirty, bad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fëlliq",
"3": "",
"4": "to make dirty"
},
"expansion": "Albanian fëlliq (“to make dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "puter",
"3": "",
"4": "rotten"
},
"expansion": "Latin puter (“rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαῦλος",
"3": "",
"4": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos, “bad”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English foul, from Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūl, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul, rotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to rot”).\nCognate with Dutch vuil (“foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd”), German faul (“foul, rotten, putrid, lazy”), German Low German fuul (“foul, rotten, putrid”), Faroese fúlur (“foul”), Icelandic fúll (“foul, rotten, sullen”), Danish ful (“nasty, ugly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”) and Swedish ful (“ugly, dirty, bad”), and through Indo-European, with Albanian fëlliq (“to make dirty”), Latin puter (“rotten”). More at putrid.\nAncient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos, “bad”) is a false cognate inasmuch as it is not from the same etymon, instead being cognate to few.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fouler",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "foulest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul (comparative fouler, superlative foulest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This cloth is too foul to use as a duster.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His foul hands got dirt all over the kitchen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The air was so foul nobody could breathe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A ship's bottom is foul when overgrown with barnacles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A well is foul with polluted water.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 342:",
"text": "It was, however, most interesting work, and the moulders themselves were a decent crowd, never tired of making jokes about themselves such as the hoary one that moulders did not live long, which however ran counter to the other one that no germs could live in a foundry—the atmosphere was too foul.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:",
"text": "Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covered with, or containing unclean matter; dirty."
],
"links": [
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The rascal spewed forth a series of foul words.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His foul language causes many people to believe he is uneducated.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obscene, vulgar or abusive."
],
"links": [
[
"Obscene",
"obscene"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"abusive",
"abusive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of words or a way of speaking) Obscene, vulgar or abusive."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of words or a way of speaking"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He has a foul set of friends.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:",
"text": "[…]Hast thou forgot / The foul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy / Was grown into a hoop? Hast thou forgot her?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1982 March 18, w:Eric J. Cassel[l], “The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 306, number 11, →DOI, page 642:",
"text": "Cultural norms and social rules regulate whether someone can be among others or will be isolated, whether the sick will be considered foul or acceptable, and whether they are to be pitied or censured.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Detestable, unpleasant, loathsome."
],
"links": [
[
"Detestable",
"detestable"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"loathsome",
"loathsome"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This foul food is making me retch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "There was a foul smell coming from the toilet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disgusting, repulsive; causing disgust."
],
"links": [
[
"Disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"repulsive",
"repulsive"
],
[
"disgust",
"disgust"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ugly; homely; poor."
],
"links": [
[
"Ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"homely",
"homely"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Ugly; homely; poor."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Some foul weather is brewing.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "So foul a sky clears not without a storm.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unpleasant, stormy or rainy. (of the weather)"
],
"links": [
[
"Unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"rainy",
"rainy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Foul play is not suspected.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dishonest or not conforming to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"Dishonest",
"dishonest"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We've got a foul anchor.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A rope could get foul while it is being paid out.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Entangled and therefore restricting free movement, not clear."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Entangled and therefore restricting free movement, not clear."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English technical terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Railway Investigation Report R13T0192",
"text": "The bus had stopped just foul of the north track at the Erindale Station Road public railway crossing […] With the bus stationary, but still foul of the north track, the train struck one of its front mirrors."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with \"of\") Positioned on, in, or near enough to (a specified area) so as to obstruct it."
],
"links": [
[
"technical",
"technical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(technical) (with \"of\") Positioned on, in, or near enough to (a specified area) so as to obstruct it."
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Baseball"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones hit foul ball after foul ball.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Outside of the base lines; in foul territory."
],
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
],
[
"foul territory",
"foul territory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baseball) Outside of the base lines; in foul territory."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "foul"
},
{
"ipa": "/faʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-foul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg/En-us-foul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "fowl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "hateful, detestable",
"word": "shameful"
},
{
"sense": "hateful, detestable",
"word": "odious"
},
{
"sense": "hateful, detestable",
"word": "wretched"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎsen",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "мръсен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zamǎrsen",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "замърсен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污濁"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūzhuó",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污浊"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污穢"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūhuì",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "污秽"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "likainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "saastainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "epäpuhdas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "souillé"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "porco"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "sucio"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "schmutzig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "stinkend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "unrein"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "fuls",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "pis",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "پیس"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "murdar",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "مردار"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "ful"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gádkij",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "га́дкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grjáznyj",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "гря́зный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "caca"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "covered with, or containing, extraneous matter",
"word": "inmundo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepriličen",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "неприличен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepristoen",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "непристоен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "siivoton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "ruma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "törkyinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "törkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indécent"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "unflätig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "vulgär ausdrückend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "unanständig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "obszön"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "unflätig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "gemein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "zotig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "garstig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "verdorben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "foedus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepristójnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "непристо́йный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprilíčnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "неприли́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepotrébnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "непотре́бный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulʹgárnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "вульга́рный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poxábnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "поха́бный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skvérnyj",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "скве́рный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "grosero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive",
"word": "obsceno"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvratitelen",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "отвратителен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protiven",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "противен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "häpeällinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "häijy"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "widerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "garstig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "schändlich"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "foedus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "detestável"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítelʹnyj",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "отврати́тельный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gádkij",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "га́дкий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "repugnante"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hateful; detestable; shameful; wretched",
"word": "perro"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otvratitelen",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "отвратителен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "inhottava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "iljettävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "vastenmielinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "répugnant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "faul"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "stinkend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "widerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "abscheulich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "abstoßend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "widerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "widerwärtig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "eklig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "ekelhaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "scheußlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "überriechend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "faulig"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disgustoso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "ripugnante"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "nauseante"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "foedus"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "ful"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítelʹnyj",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "отврати́тельный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "repulsive; disgusting; repugnant",
"word": "caca"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "surkea"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "einfach"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "schlicht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "gewöhnlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "arm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "geringwertig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "häßlich"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otvratítelʹnyj",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "отврати́тельный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bezobráznyj",
"sense": "ugly; homely; poor",
"word": "безобра́зный"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neblagoprijaten",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "неблагоприятен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "ungünstig"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gádkij",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "га́дкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skvérnyj",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "скве́рный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paskúdnyj",
"sense": "not favorable; unpropitious",
"word": "паску́дный"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečesten",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "нечестен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "sääntöjen vastainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "väärä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "unfair"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "unehrlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "unaufrichtig"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nečéstnyj",
"sense": "not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.",
"word": "нече́стный"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opleten",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "оплетен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "juuttunut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "festhängend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "gefangen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "verfangen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "verhakt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement",
"word": "verklemmt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outside of the base lines",
"word": "laiton"
}
],
"word": "foul"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/aʊəl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Hygiene"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "foul one's own nest"
},
{
"word": "foul out"
},
{
"word": "foul up"
},
{
"word": "foul-up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fūlian",
"t": "to become foul; rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūlēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlāną",
"t": "to rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fouls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fouled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fouled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foul (third-person singular simple present fouls, present participle fouling, simple past and past participle fouled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to foul the face or hands with mire",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She's fouled her diaper.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make dirty."
],
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make dirty."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "befoul"
},
{
"word": "dirty"
},
{
"word": "besmirch"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He's fouled his reputation.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To besmirch."
],
"links": [
[
"besmirch",
"besmirch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To besmirch."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The hair has fouled the drain.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1961 November, “Talking of Trains: Aircraft on rail tracks”, in Trains Illustrated, page 650:",
"text": "As a result of the accident at Southend Airport when a Hermes aircraft overshot the runway and fouled the down Shenfield to Southend Victoria line between Rochford and Prittlewell, the Eastern Region is considering warning arrangements, which have already been provided on some lines running past aerodromes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To clog or obstruct."
],
"links": [
[
"clog",
"clog"
],
[
"obstruct",
"obstruct"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To clog or obstruct."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The kelp has fouled the prop.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1941, Emily Carr, chapter 18, in Klee Wyck:",
"text": "The Indian's heart was sore for his boat; it looked as if nothing could save her. She was drifting more slowly now, her propeller fouled in kelp.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To entangle."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"entangle",
"entangle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, nautical) To entangle."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Basketball"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smith fouled him hard.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage."
],
"links": [
[
"basketball",
"basketball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, basketball) To make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"basketball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Basketball"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Smith fouled within the first minute of the quarter.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To commit a foul."
],
"links": [
[
"basketball",
"basketball"
],
[
"foul",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, basketball) To commit a foul."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"basketball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Baseball"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones fouled the ball off the facing of the upper deck.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit outside of the baselines."
],
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, baseball) To hit outside of the baselines."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Baseball"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones fouled for strike one.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit a ball outside of the baselines."
],
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, baseball) To hit a ball outside of the baselines."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The drain fouled.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become clogged."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become clogged."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The prop fouled on the kelp.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become entangled."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become entangled."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963 July, “News and Comment: The future of coal by rail”, in Modern Railways, page 5:",
"text": "The full capacity, however, requires a hopper of a size that takes the wagon body up to 11ft 11½in above rail level, which would foul many existing colliery screens.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To come into contact or collide with."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "foul"
},
{
"ipa": "/faʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-foul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg/En-us-foul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "fowl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "capam",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "цапам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "liata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "tahrata"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "enfouzar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "emporcar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "lixar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verschmutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verunreinigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sich in die Hose machen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sich einmachen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "sich anmachen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "versauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verderben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "verpfuschen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "vermasseln"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "imbrattare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "poluo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "polluo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "make dirty",
"word": "smutsa ner"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opetnjavam",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "опетнявам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "besmeuren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "tahrata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "verschmutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "beschmutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "verderben"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "foedō"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pjatnatʹ",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "пятнать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "besmirch",
"word": "befläcka"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadrǎstvam",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "задръствам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "verstoppen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "tukkia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "verstopfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "blockieren"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zasorjátʹ",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "засоря́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "tapar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clog or obstruct",
"word": "obstruer"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oplitam",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "оплитам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "verwirren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "verwickeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "hängenbleiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "sich verfangen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "festhängen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapútyvatʹ",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "запу́тывать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entangle",
"word": "enredar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fauliram",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "фаулирам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "rikkoa sääntöjä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "kollidieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "zusammenstossen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"word": "zusammenstoßen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"word": "lyödä ulos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"word": "lyödä väärä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadrǎstvam se",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "задръствам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "tukkeutua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "verstopften"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "blockieren"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zasorjatʹsja",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "засоряться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "become clogged",
"word": "taparse"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oplitam se",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "оплитам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "sotkeutua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "verwirrt werden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "sich verwickeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "sich verfangen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaputyvatʹsja",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "запутываться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "become entangled",
"word": "enredarse"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fauliram",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "фаулирам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "unanständig spielen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "unfair spielen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "falsch spielen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "folítʹ",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "фоли́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "cometer una falta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "commit a foul",
"word": "foula"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"word": "foulen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "faulować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sfaulować"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zafalivatʹ",
"sense": "hit a ball outside of the baselines",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "зафаливать"
}
],
"word": "foul"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/aʊəl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Hygiene"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "offensive foul"
},
{
"word": "party foul"
},
{
"word": "personal foul"
},
{
"word": "professional foul"
},
{
"word": "technical foul"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "foul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cantonese: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cantonese: foul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "faul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: faul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: faul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "фол",
"bor": "on"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: фол (fol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: фол (fol)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "faul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: faul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: faul"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English foulen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fūlian",
"t": "to become foul; rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūlēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlāną",
"t": "to rot; decay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fouls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foul (plural fouls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "foul fish"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Sports"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 December 10, Arindam Rej, “Norwich 4 - 2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "A second Norwich goal in four minutes arrived after some dire Newcastle defending. Gosling gave the ball away with a sloppy back-pass, allowing Crofts to curl in a cross that the unmarked Morison powered in with a firm, 12-yard header.\nGosling's plight worsened when he was soon shown a red card for a foul on Martin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"game",
"game"
],
[
"tripping someone up",
"trip up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Bowling"
],
"glosses": [
"A (usually accidental) contact between a bowler and the lane before the bowler has released the ball."
],
"links": [
[
"bowling",
"bowling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bowling) A (usually accidental) contact between a bowler and the lane before the bowler has released the ball."
],
"topics": [
"bowling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Baseball"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Jones hit a foul up over the screen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A foul ball, a ball which has been hit outside of the base lines."
],
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
],
[
"foul ball",
"foul ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baseball) A foul ball, a ball which has been hit outside of the base lines."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "foul"
},
{
"ipa": "/faʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-foul.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg/En-us-foul.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-foul.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"homophone": "fowl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muḵālafa",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "مُخَالَفَة"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "falta"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "faul",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фаул"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "falta"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faul"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "vastik"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "rike"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "rikkominen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faute"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foul"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Regelverstoß"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fáoul",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φάουλ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "szabálytalanság"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "falt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fallo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fauru",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "ファウル"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "paul",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "파울"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "hapa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "hapa"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fol",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "فول"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xatâ",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "خطا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faul"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fol",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фол"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "infracción"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faul"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foul"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "fauli"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"basketball",
"ball-games",
"games",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "foul"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "general term",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "regelöverträdelse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "general term",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regelbrott"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "offence in sports",
"word": "faul"
}
],
"word": "foul"
}
Download raw JSONL data for foul meaning in English (55.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in English: 'by fair means or foul', originally 'by fair means or foul'",
"path": [
"foul"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "foul",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.