"revile" meaning in English

See revile in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɹəˈvaɪl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-revile.wav [Southern-England]
Rhymes: -aɪl Etymology: From Middle English revilen, from re + Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), from a- (“to”) + vil (“vile, cheap”); see vile. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|revilen}} Middle English revilen, {{m|enm|re}} re, {{uder|en|fro|aviler||to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem}} Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), {{m|enm|a-||to}} a- (“to”), {{m|enm|vil||vile, cheap}} vil (“vile, cheap”), {{m|en|vile}} vile Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} revile (uncountable)
  1. (obsolete) reproach; reviling Tags: obsolete, uncountable Translations (reproach): хокане (hokane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), reprochar (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-revile-en-noun-yAKPUrYU

Verb

IPA: /ɹəˈvaɪl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-revile.wav [Southern-England] Forms: reviles [present, singular, third-person], reviling [participle, present], reviled [participle, past], reviled [past]
Rhymes: -aɪl Etymology: From Middle English revilen, from re + Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), from a- (“to”) + vil (“vile, cheap”); see vile. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|revilen}} Middle English revilen, {{m|enm|re}} re, {{uder|en|fro|aviler||to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem}} Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), {{m|enm|a-||to}} a- (“to”), {{m|enm|vil||vile, cheap}} vil (“vile, cheap”), {{m|en|vile}} vile Head templates: {{en-verb}} revile (third-person singular simple present reviles, present participle reviling, simple past and past participle reviled)
  1. (transitive, intransitive) To attack (someone) with abusive language. Tags: intransitive, transitive Synonyms: defame Translations (to attack with abusive language): λοιδορέω (loidoréō) (Ancient Greek), βλασφημέω (blasphēméō) (Ancient Greek), κακορροθέω (kakorrhothéō) (Ancient Greek), ругая (rugaja) (Bulgarian), хокам (hokam) (Bulgarian), insultar (Catalan), 斥責 (Chinese Mandarin), 斥责 (chìzé) (Chinese Mandarin), 辱罵 (Chinese Mandarin), 辱骂 (rǔmà) (Chinese Mandarin), 謾罵 (Chinese Mandarin), 谩骂 (mànmà) (Chinese Mandarin), uitschelden (Dutch), insulter (French), insultar (Galician), schmähen (German), beschimpfen (German), verunglimpfen (German), stänkern gegen (German), 𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (idweitjan) (Gothic), ócsárol (Hungarian), szidalmaz (Hungarian), becsmérel (Hungarian), gyaláz (Hungarian), sérteget (Hungarian), pocskondiáz (Hungarian), insultar (Ido), imdhearg (Irish), insultare (Italian), vituperare (Italian), whakarihariha (Maori), piętnować [imperfective] (Polish), napiętnować [perfective] (Polish), lżyć [imperfective] (Polish), zelżyć [perfective] (Polish), insultar (Portuguese), поноси́ть (ponosítʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), पीयति (pīyati) (Sanskrit), insultar (Spanish), putear (english: Am.) (Spanish), smäda (Swedish), skymfa (Swedish), håna (Swedish), åkväda (Swedish), cem (White Hmong)
    Sense id: en-revile-en-verb-KmRo9a65 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 10 90 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 17 83

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for revile meaning in English (9.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "revilen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English revilen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "re"
      },
      "expansion": "re",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "aviler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "a-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (“to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vil",
        "3": "",
        "4": "vile, cheap"
      },
      "expansion": "vil (“vile, cheap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vile"
      },
      "expansion": "vile",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English revilen, from re + Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), from a- (“to”) + vil (“vile, cheap”); see vile.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reviles",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reviling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reviled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reviled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "revile (third-person singular simple present reviles, present participle reviling, simple past and past participle reviled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To attack (someone) with abusive language."
      ],
      "id": "en-revile-en-verb-KmRo9a65",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "abusive",
          "abusive"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) To attack (someone) with abusive language."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "defame"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rugaja",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "ругая"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "hokam",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "хокам"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "insultar"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "斥責"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chìzé",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "斥责"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "辱罵"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "rǔmà",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "辱骂"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "謾罵"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mànmà",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "谩骂"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "uitschelden"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "insulter"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "insultar"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "schmähen"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "beschimpfen"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "verunglimpfen"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "stänkern gegen"
        },
        {
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "idweitjan",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "loidoréō",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "λοιδορέω"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "blasphēméō",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "βλασφημέω"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "kakorrhothéō",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "κακορροθέω"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "ócsárol"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "szidalmaz"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "becsmérel"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "gyaláz"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "sérteget"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "pocskondiáz"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "insultar"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "imdhearg"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "insultare"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "vituperare"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "whakarihariha"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "piętnować"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "napiętnować"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "lżyć"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zelżyć"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "insultar"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ponosítʹ",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "поноси́ть"
        },
        {
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "pīyati",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "पीयति"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "insultar"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "english": "Am.",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "putear"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "smäda"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "skymfa"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "håna"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "åkväda"
        },
        {
          "code": "mww",
          "lang": "White Hmong",
          "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
          "word": "cem"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈvaɪl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-revile.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav.mp3",
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "revile"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "revilen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English revilen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "re"
      },
      "expansion": "re",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "aviler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "a-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (“to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vil",
        "3": "",
        "4": "vile, cheap"
      },
      "expansion": "vil (“vile, cheap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vile"
      },
      "expansion": "vile",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English revilen, from re + Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), from a- (“to”) + vil (“vile, cheap”); see vile.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "revile (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "reproach; reviling"
      ],
      "id": "en-revile-en-noun-yAKPUrYU",
      "links": [
        [
          "reproach",
          "reproach"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) reproach; reviling"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "hokane",
          "sense": "reproach",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "хокане"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "reproach",
          "word": "reprochar"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈvaɪl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-revile.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav.mp3",
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "revile"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪl",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪl/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "revilen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English revilen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "re"
      },
      "expansion": "re",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "aviler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "a-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (“to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vil",
        "3": "",
        "4": "vile, cheap"
      },
      "expansion": "vil (“vile, cheap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vile"
      },
      "expansion": "vile",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English revilen, from re + Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), from a- (“to”) + vil (“vile, cheap”); see vile.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reviles",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reviling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reviled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reviled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "revile (third-person singular simple present reviles, present participle reviling, simple past and past participle reviled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To attack (someone) with abusive language."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "abusive",
          "abusive"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) To attack (someone) with abusive language."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈvaɪl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-revile.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "defame"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rugaja",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "ругая"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "hokam",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "хокам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "insultar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "斥責"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chìzé",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "斥责"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "辱罵"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "rǔmà",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "辱骂"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "謾罵"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mànmà",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "谩骂"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "uitschelden"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "insulter"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "insultar"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "schmähen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "beschimpfen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "verunglimpfen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "stänkern gegen"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "idweitjan",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "loidoréō",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "λοιδορέω"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "blasphēméō",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "βλασφημέω"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "kakorrhothéō",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "κακορροθέω"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "ócsárol"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "szidalmaz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "becsmérel"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "gyaláz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "sérteget"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "pocskondiáz"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "insultar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "imdhearg"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "insultare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "vituperare"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "whakarihariha"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "piętnować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "napiętnować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "lżyć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zelżyć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "insultar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ponosítʹ",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "поноси́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "pīyati",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "पीयति"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "insultar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "english": "Am.",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "putear"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "smäda"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "skymfa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "håna"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "åkväda"
    },
    {
      "code": "mww",
      "lang": "White Hmong",
      "sense": "to attack with abusive language",
      "word": "cem"
    }
  ],
  "word": "revile"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪl",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪl/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "revilen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English revilen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "re"
      },
      "expansion": "re",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "aviler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "a-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "a- (“to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vil",
        "3": "",
        "4": "vile, cheap"
      },
      "expansion": "vil (“vile, cheap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vile"
      },
      "expansion": "vile",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English revilen, from re + Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), from a- (“to”) + vil (“vile, cheap”); see vile.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "revile (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reproach; reviling"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reproach",
          "reproach"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) reproach; reviling"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈvaɪl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-revile.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-revile.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "hokane",
      "sense": "reproach",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "хокане"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "reproach",
      "word": "reprochar"
    }
  ],
  "word": "revile"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": not to confuse with a homonymous pf. verb vs. ponosítʹ",
  "path": [
    "revile"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "revile",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.