See darken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bedarken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "darken a church door"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "darken down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "darkener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "darken someone's door"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "darken someone's doorstep"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "darken someone's doorway"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "darken up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "endarken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overdarken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "redarken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "derkenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English derkenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*deorcnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *deorcnian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dirkinōn",
"t": "to darken"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dark",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "dark + -en",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "derken"
},
"expansion": "Scots derken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tarchanjan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German tarchanjan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "terken"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German terken",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English derkenen, dirkenen, from Old English *deorcnian, *diercnian (“to darken”), from Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”), equivalent to dark + -en.\nCognate with Scots derken, durken (“to darken”), Old High German tarchanjan, terchinen (“to darken”), Middle High German terken, derken (“to darken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "darkens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "darkening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "darkened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "darkened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "darken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "darken (third-person singular simple present darkens, present participle darkening, simple past and past participle darkened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dark"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 10:15:",
"text": "[…] they [locusts] covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 56-58:",
"text": "So spake the Sovran voice, and Clouds began\nTo darken all the Hill […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make dark or darker by reducing light."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-2OC21EVH",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make dark or darker by reducing light."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "ngrys"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "chaanaguayea galea"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtʻnecʻnel",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "մթնեցնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "qaranlıqlaşdırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "goibeldu"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatǎmnjavam",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "затъмнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "biànàn",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "变暗"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "formørke"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "verduisteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "verdonkeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "pimentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "obscurcir"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "assombrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "escurecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "escurentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "enfoscar"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "amourear"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "abazanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "lobrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "amauróō",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "ἀμαυρόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "imbrunire"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eodupge hada",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "어둡게 하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "fkv",
"lang": "Kven",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "pimmenttäät"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "whakapō"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "formørke"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "formørke"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "zaciemniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "imbrunìr"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "întuneca"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "затемнять"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "oscurecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "obscurecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "förmörka"
}
]
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"ref": "1783, William Blake, “The Couch of Death”, in Richard Herne Shepherd, editor, Poetical Sketches, London: Basil Montagu Pickering, published 1868, page 84:",
"text": "[…] the owl and the bat flew round the darkening trees:",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1930, Zane Grey, “Chapter Twelve”, in The Shepherd of Guadeloupe:",
"text": "[…] leaning at her window she watched the end of that eventful day darken over the ranges.",
"type": "quote"
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"glosses": [
"To become dark or darker (having less light)."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-8N0YWuXG",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become dark or darker (having less light)."
],
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]
},
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{
"ref": "1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter XV, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 289:",
"text": "Well, I must go in now; and you too: it darkens.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901, William Stearns Davis, “Chapter 4”, in A Friend of Cæsar, New York: Macmillan, page 57:",
"text": "Then they passed out from the Forum, forced their way through the crowded streets, and soon were through the Porta Ratumena, outside the walls, and struck out across the Campus Martius, upon the Via Flaminia. It was rapidly darkening.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1945, Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen, London: B.T. Batsford, page 13:",
"text": "From babyhood until fourteen, to play in a garden in the evening when it is darkening is a legend.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Colm Tóibín, “Portrait of the Artist as a Spring Lamb”, in The Kilfenora Teaboy: A Study of Paul Durcan, Dublin: New Island Books, page 7:",
"text": "It had been fine all morning, but it was darkening now, the weather was going to get worse.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, David Almond, chapter 10, in Clay, London: Hodder Literature, page 44:",
"text": "He looked up. It was darkening here as well. Sky getting red, the edge of the quarry dark and jagged against it.",
"type": "quote"
}
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"glosses": [
"To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
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"(impersonal) To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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]
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"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 2 15 15 21 13 3 5 5 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Apache translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:",
"text": "With these forced thoughts, I prithee, darken not\nThe mirth o’ the feast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1969, Chaim Potok, chapter 4, in The Promise, New York: Fawcett Crest, published 1872, page 89:",
"text": "It was a pleasure seeing you again. I’m only sorry I had to darken the pleasure with my private problems.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To render gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-3HhqbRjc",
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To render gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 9 3 19 19 13 11 3 7 5 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 11 3 6 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 11 3 6 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 11 3 6 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 3 17 17 18 11 3 5 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 18 18 19 11 3 7 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 19 13 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 3 17 17 18 11 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 2 18 18 18 15 2 7 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 4 15 16 15 12 4 7 4 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 3 18 18 17 10 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 11 3 6 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 2 17 17 18 12 3 5 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1797, Ann Radcliffe, The Italian, London: T. Cadell Jun[ior] and W. Davies, Volume 2, Chapter 9, p. 303,\nHis countenance darkened while he spoke […]"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Emily Carr, “Mrs. Crane”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "Alice’s big eyes darkened with trouble.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-YnhrvN4A",
"links": [
[
"mood",
"mood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 9:10:",
"text": "Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1773, Samuel Johnson, letter to James Boswell dated 5 July, 1773, in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, Volume I, London: Charles Dilly, p. 424,\nWhen your letter came to me, I was so darkened by an inflammation in my eye, that I could not for some time read it."
},
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto IV:",
"text": "Such clouds of nameless trouble cross\nAll night below the darken’d eyes;\nWith morning wakes the will, and cries,\n‘Thou shalt not be the fool of loss.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To blind, impair the eyesight."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-k~FTiJw6",
"links": [
[
"blind",
"blind"
],
[
"eyesight",
"eyesight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To blind, impair the eyesight."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-5sjFjI4y",
"links": [
[
"blinded",
"blinded"
],
[
"eyesight",
"eyesight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:2:",
"text": "Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] such was his wisdome, as his Confidence did seldome darken his Fore-sight […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "May 14 1751, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, volume 4, number 121, London: J. Payne & J. Bouquet, page 193:",
"text": "His [Edmund Spenser’s] stile was in his own time allowed to be vicious, so darkened with old words and peculiarities of phrase, and so remote from common use, that Johnson boldly pronounces him to have written no language.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 18:",
"text": "“Darken not counsel,” said Corund, “to me and my sons. Have I not these four years past been as a brother unto thee, and wilt thou still be secret toward us?”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-J6-dUNjB",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
],
[
"obscure",
"obscure"
],
[
"perplex",
"perplex"
],
[
"render",
"render"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"intelligible",
"intelligible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "I must not think there are\nEvils enow to darken all his goodness:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-MdooJIB3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XIX, page 32:",
"text": "The Danube to the Severn gave\nThe darken’d heart that beat no more;\nThey laid him by the pleasant shore,\nAnd in the hearing of the wave.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
],
"id": "en-darken-en-verb-z2TPbUmA",
"links": [
[
"extinguish",
"extinguish"
],
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"vitality",
"vitality"
],
[
"die",
"die"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɑɹkən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɑːkən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-darken.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)kən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blacken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swarten"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "ngrys"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtʻnel",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "մթնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potǎmnjavam",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "потъмнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "donker worden"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "malheliĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "mallumiĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "pimentyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "obscurcir"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "assombrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "escurecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "escurentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "enfoscar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "amourear"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "abazanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "entoldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "toldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "entoucar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "lobrecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "verdunkeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "riqizjan",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "amauróomai",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "ἀμαυρόομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "imbrunire"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "nīpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "arphayay"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "imbrunìr"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "temnétʹ",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "темне́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 23 3 12 23 7 17 1 1 6 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "mörkna"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "ngrys"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mgacʻnel",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "մգացնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "goibeldu"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "donkerder maken"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "donkerder kleuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "tummentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "foncer"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "escurecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "enfoscar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "amourear"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "abazanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "enmourecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "atrapecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "dekkja"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "imbrunire"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "imbrunìr"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 3 36 30 5 5 0 1 2 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "затемнять"
}
],
"word": "darken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek links with redundant wikilinks",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Irish translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)kən",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)kən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kven translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romagnol translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Western Apache translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bedarken"
},
{
"word": "darken a church door"
},
{
"word": "darken down"
},
{
"word": "darkener"
},
{
"word": "darken someone's door"
},
{
"word": "darken someone's doorstep"
},
{
"word": "darken someone's doorway"
},
{
"word": "darken up"
},
{
"word": "endarken"
},
{
"word": "overdarken"
},
{
"word": "redarken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "derkenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English derkenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*deorcnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *deorcnian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dirkinōn",
"t": "to darken"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dark",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "dark + -en",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "derken"
},
"expansion": "Scots derken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tarchanjan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German tarchanjan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "terken"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German terken",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English derkenen, dirkenen, from Old English *deorcnian, *diercnian (“to darken”), from Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”), equivalent to dark + -en.\nCognate with Scots derken, durken (“to darken”), Old High German tarchanjan, terchinen (“to darken”), Middle High German terken, derken (“to darken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "darkens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "darkening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "darkened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "darkened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "darken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "darken (third-person singular simple present darkens, present participle darkening, simple past and past participle darkened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "dark"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 10:15:",
"text": "[…] they [locusts] covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 56-58:",
"text": "So spake the Sovran voice, and Clouds began\nTo darken all the Hill […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make dark or darker by reducing light."
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make dark or darker by reducing light."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1783, William Blake, “The Couch of Death”, in Richard Herne Shepherd, editor, Poetical Sketches, London: Basil Montagu Pickering, published 1868, page 84:",
"text": "[…] the owl and the bat flew round the darkening trees:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930, Zane Grey, “Chapter Twelve”, in The Shepherd of Guadeloupe:",
"text": "[…] leaning at her window she watched the end of that eventful day darken over the ranges.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become dark or darker (having less light)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become dark or darker (having less light)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English impersonal verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter XV, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 289:",
"text": "Well, I must go in now; and you too: it darkens.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901, William Stearns Davis, “Chapter 4”, in A Friend of Cæsar, New York: Macmillan, page 57:",
"text": "Then they passed out from the Forum, forced their way through the crowded streets, and soon were through the Porta Ratumena, outside the walls, and struck out across the Campus Martius, upon the Via Flaminia. It was rapidly darkening.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1945, Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen, London: B.T. Batsford, page 13:",
"text": "From babyhood until fourteen, to play in a garden in the evening when it is darkening is a legend.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Colm Tóibín, “Portrait of the Artist as a Spring Lamb”, in The Kilfenora Teaboy: A Study of Paul Durcan, Dublin: New Island Books, page 7:",
"text": "It had been fine all morning, but it was darkening now, the weather was going to get worse.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, David Almond, chapter 10, in Clay, London: Hodder Literature, page 44:",
"text": "He looked up. It was darkening here as well. Sky getting red, the edge of the quarry dark and jagged against it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(impersonal) To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
],
"tags": [
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Alice Munro, “Free Radicals”, in Too Much Happiness, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, page 118:",
"text": "She puts on lipstick and darkens her eyebrows, which are now very scanty […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make dark or darker in colour."
],
"links": [
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make dark or darker in colour."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Mary Stewart, The Last Enchantment, New York: Fawcett Crest, Book 4, Chapter 4, p. 405:",
"text": "The lovely hair had lost its rose-gold glimmer, and had darkened to rose-brown […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become dark or darker in colour."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become dark or darker in colour."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:",
"text": "With these forced thoughts, I prithee, darken not\nThe mirth o’ the feast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1969, Chaim Potok, chapter 4, in The Promise, New York: Fawcett Crest, published 1872, page 89:",
"text": "It was a pleasure seeing you again. I’m only sorry I had to darken the pleasure with my private problems.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To render gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To render gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1797, Ann Radcliffe, The Italian, London: T. Cadell Jun[ior] and W. Davies, Volume 2, Chapter 9, p. 303,\nHis countenance darkened while he spoke […]"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Emily Carr, “Mrs. Crane”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "Alice’s big eyes darkened with trouble.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"links": [
[
"mood",
"mood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become gloomy, darker in mood."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 9:10:",
"text": "Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1773, Samuel Johnson, letter to James Boswell dated 5 July, 1773, in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, Volume I, London: Charles Dilly, p. 424,\nWhen your letter came to me, I was so darkened by an inflammation in my eye, that I could not for some time read it."
},
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto IV:",
"text": "Such clouds of nameless trouble cross\nAll night below the darken’d eyes;\nWith morning wakes the will, and cries,\n‘Thou shalt not be the fool of loss.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To blind, impair the eyesight."
],
"links": [
[
"blind",
"blind"
],
[
"eyesight",
"eyesight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To blind, impair the eyesight."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
],
"links": [
[
"blinded",
"blinded"
],
[
"eyesight",
"eyesight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:2:",
"text": "Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "[…] such was his wisdome, as his Confidence did seldome darken his Fore-sight […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "May 14 1751, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, volume 4, number 121, London: J. Payne & J. Bouquet, page 193:",
"text": "His [Edmund Spenser’s] stile was in his own time allowed to be vicious, so darkened with old words and peculiarities of phrase, and so remote from common use, that Johnson boldly pronounces him to have written no language.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 18:",
"text": "“Darken not counsel,” said Corund, “to me and my sons. Have I not these four years past been as a brother unto thee, and wilt thou still be secret toward us?”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
],
[
"obscure",
"obscure"
],
[
"perplex",
"perplex"
],
[
"render",
"render"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"intelligible",
"intelligible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "I must not think there are\nEvils enow to darken all his goodness:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XIX, page 32:",
"text": "The Danube to the Severn gave\nThe darken’d heart that beat no more;\nThey laid him by the pleasant shore,\nAnd in the hearing of the wave.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
],
"links": [
[
"extinguish",
"extinguish"
],
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"vitality",
"vitality"
],
[
"die",
"die"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɑɹkən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɑːkən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-darken.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)kən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "blacken"
},
{
"word": "swarten"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "ngrys"
},
{
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "chaanaguayea galea"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtʻnecʻnel",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "մթնեցնել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "qaranlıqlaşdırmaq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "goibeldu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatǎmnjavam",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "затъмнявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "biànàn",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "变暗"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "formørke"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "verduisteren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "verdonkeren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "pimentää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "obscurcir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "assombrir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "escurecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "escurentar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "enfoscar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "amourear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "abazanar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "lobrecer"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "amauróō",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "ἀμαυρόω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "imbrunire"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eodupge hada",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "어둡게 하다"
},
{
"code": "fkv",
"lang": "Kven",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "pimmenttäät"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "whakapō"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "formørke"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "formørke"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "zaciemniać"
},
{
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "imbrunìr"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "întuneca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "затемнять"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "oscurecer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "obscurecer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
"word": "förmörka"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "ngrys"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtʻnel",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "մթնել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "qaralmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potǎmnjavam",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "потъмнявам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "donker worden"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "malheliĝi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "mallumiĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "pimentyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "obscurcir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "assombrir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "escurecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "escurentar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "enfoscar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "amourear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "abazanar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "entoldar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "toldar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "entoucar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "lobrecer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "verdunkeln"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "riqizjan",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "amauróomai",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "ἀμαυρόομαι"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "imbrunire"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "nīpan"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "arphayay"
},
{
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "imbrunìr"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "temnétʹ",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "темне́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
"word": "mörkna"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "ngrys"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mgacʻnel",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "մգացնել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "qaraltmaq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "goibeldu"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "donkerder maken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "donkerder kleuren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "tummentaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "foncer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "escurecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "enfoscar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "amourear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "abazanar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "enmourecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "atrapecer"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "dekkja"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "imbrunire"
},
{
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "imbrunìr"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
"sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
"word": "затемнять"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "ngrys"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mganal",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "մգանալ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potǎmnjavam",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "потъмнявам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "donkerder worden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "tummentua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "foncer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "escurecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "enfoscar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "amourear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "abazanar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "enmourecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "atrapecer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "verdunkeln"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "dökkna"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "imbrunire"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "nigresco"
},
{
"code": "rgn",
"lang": "Romagnol",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "imbrunìr"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "temnétʹ",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "темне́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
"word": "mörkna"
}
],
"word": "darken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for darken meaning in English (24.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113a",
"msg": "Colspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"darken"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "darken",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113a",
"msg": "Colspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"darken"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "darken",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113a",
"msg": "Colspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"darken"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "darken",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113a",
"msg": "Colspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"darken"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "darken",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.