"darken" meaning in English

See darken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈdɑɹkən/ [General-American], /ˈdɑːkən/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-darken.wav [Southern-England] Forms: darkens [present, singular, third-person], darkening [participle, present], darkened [participle, past], darkened [past], darken [infinitive]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)kən Etymology: From Middle English derkenen, dirkenen, from Old English *deorcnian, *diercnian (“to darken”), from Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”), equivalent to dark + -en. Cognate with Scots derken, durken (“to darken”), Old High German tarchanjan, terchinen (“to darken”), Middle High German terken, derken (“to darken”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|derkenen}} Middle English derkenen, {{m|enm|dirkenen}} dirkenen, {{der|en|ang|*deorcnian}} Old English *deorcnian, {{m|ang|*diercnian|t=to darken}} *diercnian (“to darken”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*dirkinōn|t=to darken}} Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”), {{af|en|dark|-en|id2=inchoative}} dark + -en, {{cog|sco|derken}} Scots derken, {{m|sco|durken|t=to darken}} durken (“to darken”), {{cog|goh|tarchanjan}} Old High German tarchanjan, {{m|goh|terchinen|t=to darken}} terchinen (“to darken”), {{cog|gmh|terken}} Middle High German terken, {{m|gmh|derken|t=to darken}} derken (“to darken”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} darken (third-person singular simple present darkens, present participle darkening, simple past and past participle darkened) Inflection templates: {{en-conj|old=1}}
  1. (transitive) To make dark or darker by reducing light. Tags: transitive Translations (to make dark by reducing light): ngrys (Albanian), ἀμαυρόω (amauróō) (Ancient Greek), մթնեցնել (mtʿnecʿnel) (Armenian), qaranlıqlaşdırmaq (Azerbaijani), goibeldu (Basque), затъмнявам (zatǎmnjavam) (Bulgarian), 变暗 (biànàn) [Mandarin] (Chinese), formørke (Danish), verduisteren (Dutch), verdonkeren (Dutch), pimentää (Finnish), obscurcir (French), assombrir (French), escurecer (Galician), escurentar (Galician), enfoscar (Galician), amourear (Galician), abazanar (Galician), lobrecer (Galician), imbrunire (Italian), 어둡게 하다 (eodupge hada) (Korean), pimmenttäät (Kven), whakapō (Maori), formørke (Norwegian), formørke (Norwegian Nynorsk), zaciemniać (Polish), imbrunìr (Romagnol), întuneca (Romanian), затемнять (zatemnjatʹ) (Russian), oscurecer (Spanish), obscurecer (Spanish), förmörka (Swedish), chaanaguayea galea (Western Apache)
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-2OC21EVH Disambiguation of 'to make dark by reducing light': 39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1
  2. (intransitive) To become dark or darker (having less light). Tags: intransitive Translations (to become darker (less bright)): ngrys (Albanian), ἀμαυρόομαι (amauróomai) (Ancient Greek), մթնել (mtʿnel) (Armenian), qaralmaq (Azerbaijani), потъмнявам (potǎmnjavam) (Bulgarian), donker worden (Dutch), malheliĝi (Esperanto), pimentyä (Finnish), obscurcir [reflexive] (French), assombrir [reflexive] (French), escurecer (Galician), escurentar (Galician), enfoscar (Galician), amourear (Galician), abazanar (Galician), entoldar (Galician), toldar (Galician), entoucar (Galician), lobrecer (Galician), verdunkeln (German), 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (riqizjan) (Gothic), imbrunire (Italian), nīpan (Old English), arphayay (Quechua), imbrunìr (Romagnol), темне́ть (temnétʹ) (Russian), mörkna (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-8N0YWuXG Disambiguation of 'to become darker (less bright)': 6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1
  3. (impersonal) To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud). Tags: impersonal
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-YD~WNrsF
  4. (transitive) To make dark or darker in colour. Tags: transitive Translations (to make dark(er) in colour): ngrys (Albanian), մգացնել (mgacʿnel) (Armenian), qaraltmaq (Azerbaijani), goibeldu (Basque), donkerder maken (Dutch), donkerder kleuren (Dutch), tummentaa (Finnish), foncer (French), escurecer (Galician), enfoscar (Galician), amourear (Galician), abazanar (Galician), enmourecer (Galician), atrapecer (Galician), dekkja (Icelandic), imbrunire (Italian), imbrunìr (Romagnol), затемнять (zatemnjatʹ) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-Gq0~pNXk Disambiguation of 'to make dark(er) in colour': 11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0
  5. (intransitive) To become dark or darker in colour. Tags: intransitive Translations (to become dark(er) in colour): ngrys (Albanian), մգանալ (mganal) (Armenian), потъмнявам (potǎmnjavam) (Bulgarian), donkerder worden (Dutch), tummentua (Finnish), foncer [reflexive] (French), escurecer (Galician), enfoscar (Galician), amourear (Galician), abazanar (Galician), enmourecer (Galician), atrapecer (Galician), verdunkeln (German), dökkna (Icelandic), imbrunire (Italian), nigresco (Latin), imbrunìr (Romagnol), темне́ть (temnétʹ) (Russian), mörkna (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-XWZZlqbo Disambiguation of 'to become dark(er) in colour': 2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0
  6. (transitive) To render gloomy, darker in mood. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-3HhqbRjc
  7. (intransitive) To become gloomy, darker in mood. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-YnhrvN4A
  8. (transitive) To blind, impair the eyesight. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-k~FTiJw6
  9. (intransitive) To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-5sjFjI4y
  10. (transitive) To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-J6-dUNjB
  11. (transitive) To make foul; to sully; to tarnish. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-MdooJIB3
  12. (intransitive) To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-darken-en-verb-z2TPbUmA
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: blacken, swarten Derived forms: bedarken, darken a church door, darkener, darken someone's door, darken someone's doorstep, darken someone's doorway Related terms: dark

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for darken meaning in English (23.4kB)

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bedarken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "darken a church door"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "darkener"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "darken someone's door"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "darken someone's doorstep"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "darken someone's doorway"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "derkenen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English derkenen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "dirkenen"
      },
      "expansion": "dirkenen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*deorcnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *deorcnian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*diercnian",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "*diercnian (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*dirkinōn",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dark",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "inchoative"
      },
      "expansion": "dark + -en",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "derken"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots derken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "durken",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "durken (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "tarchanjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German tarchanjan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "terchinen",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "terchinen (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "terken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German terken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "derken",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "derken (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English derkenen, dirkenen, from Old English *deorcnian, *diercnian (“to darken”), from Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”), equivalent to dark + -en.\nCognate with Scots derken, durken (“to darken”), Old High German tarchanjan, terchinen (“to darken”), Middle High German terken, derken (“to darken”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "darkens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darkening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darkened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darkened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "darken (third-person singular simple present darkens, present participle darkening, simple past and past participle darkened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "old": "1"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dark"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To make dark or darker by reducing light."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-2OC21EVH",
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make dark or darker by reducing light."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "ngrys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "apw",
          "lang": "Western Apache",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "chaanaguayea galea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "mtʿnecʿnel",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "մթնեցնել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "qaranlıqlaşdırmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "goibeldu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zatǎmnjavam",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "затъмнявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "biànàn",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin"
          ],
          "word": "变暗"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "formørke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "verduisteren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "verdonkeren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "pimentää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "obscurcir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "assombrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "escurecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "escurentar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "enfoscar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "amourear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "abazanar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "lobrecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "amauróō",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "ἀμαυρόω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "imbrunire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "eodupge hada",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "어둡게 하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "fkv",
          "lang": "Kven",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "pimmenttäät"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "whakapō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "formørke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "formørke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "zaciemniać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "rgn",
          "lang": "Romagnol",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "imbrunìr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "întuneca"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "затемнять"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "oscurecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "obscurecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 7 5 19 4 6 3 1 1 5 8 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
          "word": "förmörka"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1783, William Blake, “The Couch of Death”, in Richard Herne Shepherd, editor, Poetical Sketches, London: Basil Montagu Pickering, published 1868, page 84",
          "text": "[…] the owl and the bat flew round the darkening trees:",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1930, Zane Grey, “Chapter Twelve”, in The Shepherd of Guadeloupe",
          "text": "[…] leaning at her window she watched the end of that eventful day darken over the ranges.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or darker (having less light)."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-8N0YWuXG",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become dark or darker (having less light)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "ngrys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "mtʿnel",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "մթնել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "qaralmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "potǎmnjavam",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "потъмнявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "donker worden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "malheliĝi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "pimentyä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "tags": [
            "reflexive"
          ],
          "word": "obscurcir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "tags": [
            "reflexive"
          ],
          "word": "assombrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "escurecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "escurentar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "enfoscar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "amourear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "abazanar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "entoldar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "toldar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "entoucar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "lobrecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "verdunkeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "riqizjan",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "amauróomai",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "ἀμαυρόομαι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "imbrunire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "nīpan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "arphayay"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "rgn",
          "lang": "Romagnol",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "imbrunìr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "temnétʹ",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "темне́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 26 4 6 20 7 20 1 1 8 1 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
          "word": "mörkna"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1901, William Stearns Davis, “Chapter 4”, in A Friend of Cæsar, New York: Macmillan, page 57",
          "text": "Then they passed out from the Forum, forced their way through the crowded streets, and soon were through the Porta Ratumena, outside the walls, and struck out across the Campus Martius, upon the Via Flaminia. It was rapidly darkening.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1945, Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen, London: B.T. Batsford, page 13",
          "text": "From babyhood until fourteen, to play in a garden in the evening when it is darkening is a legend.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1996, Colm Tóibín, “Portrait of the Artist as a Spring Lamb”, in The Kilfenora Teaboy: A Study of Paul Durcan, Dublin: New Island Books, page 7",
          "text": "It had been fine all morning, but it was darkening now, the weather was going to get worse.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, David Almond, chapter 10, in Clay, London: Hodder Literature, page 44",
          "text": "He looked up. It was darkening here as well. Sky getting red, the edge of the quarry dark and jagged against it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-YD~WNrsF",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(impersonal) To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2009, Alice Munro, “Free Radicals”, in Too Much Happiness, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, page 118",
          "text": "She puts on lipstick and darkens her eyebrows, which are now very scanty […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-Gq0~pNXk",
      "links": [
        [
          "colour",
          "colour"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "ngrys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "mgacʿnel",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "մգացնել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "qaraltmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "goibeldu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "donkerder maken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "donkerder kleuren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "tummentaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "foncer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "escurecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "enfoscar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "amourear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "abazanar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "enmourecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "atrapecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "dekkja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "imbrunire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "rgn",
          "lang": "Romagnol",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "imbrunìr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 2 5 39 30 4 3 0 0 2 4 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
          "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "затемнять"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1979, Mary Stewart, The Last Enchantment, New York: Fawcett Crest, Book 4, Chapter 4, p. 405",
          "text": "The lovely hair had lost its rose-gold glimmer, and had darkened to rose-brown […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-XWZZlqbo",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "ngrys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "mganal",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "մգանալ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "potǎmnjavam",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "потъмнявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "donkerder worden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "tummentua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "tags": [
            "reflexive"
          ],
          "word": "foncer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "escurecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "enfoscar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "amourear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "abazanar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "enmourecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "atrapecer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "verdunkeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "dökkna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "imbrunire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "nigresco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "rgn",
          "lang": "Romagnol",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "imbrunìr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "temnétʹ",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "темне́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 14 5 25 37 3 10 0 0 2 0 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
          "word": "mörkna"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1969, Chaim Potok, chapter 4, in The Promise, New York: Fawcett Crest, published 1872, page 89",
          "text": "It was a pleasure seeing you again. I’m only sorry I had to darken the pleasure with my private problems.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To render gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-3HhqbRjc",
      "links": [
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To render gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1797, Ann Radcliffe, The Italian, London: T. Cadell Jun[ior] and W. Davies, Volume 2, Chapter 9, p. 303,\nHis countenance darkened while he spoke […]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-YnhrvN4A",
      "links": [
        [
          "mood",
          "mood"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1773, Samuel Johnson, letter to James Boswell dated 5 July, 1773, in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, Volume I, London: Charles Dilly, p. 424,\nWhen your letter came to me, I was so darkened by an inflammation in my eye, that I could not for some time read it."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To blind, impair the eyesight."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-k~FTiJw6",
      "links": [
        [
          "blind",
          "blind"
        ],
        [
          "eyesight",
          "eyesight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To blind, impair the eyesight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-5sjFjI4y",
      "links": [
        [
          "blinded",
          "blinded"
        ],
        [
          "eyesight",
          "eyesight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "May 14 1751, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, volume 4, number 121, London: J. Payne & J. Bouquet, page 193",
          "text": "His [Edmund Spenser’s] stile was in his own time allowed to be vicious, so darkened with old words and peculiarities of phrase, and so remote from common use, that Johnson boldly pronounces him to have written no language.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-J6-dUNjB",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-MdooJIB3",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
      ],
      "id": "en-darken-en-verb-z2TPbUmA",
      "links": [
        [
          "extinguish",
          "extinguish"
        ],
        [
          "deprive",
          "deprive"
        ],
        [
          "vitality",
          "vitality"
        ],
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɑɹkən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɑːkən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)kən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-darken.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "blacken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "swarten"
    }
  ],
  "word": "darken"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
    "Requests for review of Irish translations",
    "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bedarken"
    },
    {
      "word": "darken a church door"
    },
    {
      "word": "darkener"
    },
    {
      "word": "darken someone's door"
    },
    {
      "word": "darken someone's doorstep"
    },
    {
      "word": "darken someone's doorway"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "derkenen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English derkenen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "dirkenen"
      },
      "expansion": "dirkenen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*deorcnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *deorcnian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*diercnian",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "*diercnian (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*dirkinōn",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dark",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "inchoative"
      },
      "expansion": "dark + -en",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "derken"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots derken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "durken",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "durken (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "tarchanjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German tarchanjan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "terchinen",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "terchinen (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "terken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German terken",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "derken",
        "t": "to darken"
      },
      "expansion": "derken (“to darken”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English derkenen, dirkenen, from Old English *deorcnian, *diercnian (“to darken”), from Proto-West Germanic *dirkinōn (“to darken”), equivalent to dark + -en.\nCognate with Scots derken, durken (“to darken”), Old High German tarchanjan, terchinen (“to darken”), Middle High German terken, derken (“to darken”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "darkens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darkening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darkened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darkened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "darken",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "darken (third-person singular simple present darkens, present participle darkening, simple past and past participle darkened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "old": "1"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "dark"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make dark or darker by reducing light."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make dark or darker by reducing light."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1783, William Blake, “The Couch of Death”, in Richard Herne Shepherd, editor, Poetical Sketches, London: Basil Montagu Pickering, published 1868, page 84",
          "text": "[…] the owl and the bat flew round the darkening trees:",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1930, Zane Grey, “Chapter Twelve”, in The Shepherd of Guadeloupe",
          "text": "[…] leaning at her window she watched the end of that eventful day darken over the ranges.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or darker (having less light)."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become dark or darker (having less light)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English impersonal verbs",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1901, William Stearns Davis, “Chapter 4”, in A Friend of Cæsar, New York: Macmillan, page 57",
          "text": "Then they passed out from the Forum, forced their way through the crowded streets, and soon were through the Porta Ratumena, outside the walls, and struck out across the Campus Martius, upon the Via Flaminia. It was rapidly darkening.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1945, Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen, London: B.T. Batsford, page 13",
          "text": "From babyhood until fourteen, to play in a garden in the evening when it is darkening is a legend.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1996, Colm Tóibín, “Portrait of the Artist as a Spring Lamb”, in The Kilfenora Teaboy: A Study of Paul Durcan, Dublin: New Island Books, page 7",
          "text": "It had been fine all morning, but it was darkening now, the weather was going to get worse.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, David Almond, chapter 10, in Clay, London: Hodder Literature, page 44",
          "text": "He looked up. It was darkening here as well. Sky getting red, the edge of the quarry dark and jagged against it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(impersonal) To get dark (referring to the sky, either in the evening or as a result of cloud)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2009, Alice Munro, “Free Radicals”, in Too Much Happiness, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, page 118",
          "text": "She puts on lipstick and darkens her eyebrows, which are now very scanty […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "colour",
          "colour"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1979, Mary Stewart, The Last Enchantment, New York: Fawcett Crest, Book 4, Chapter 4, p. 405",
          "text": "The lovely hair had lost its rose-gold glimmer, and had darkened to rose-brown […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become dark or darker in colour."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1969, Chaim Potok, chapter 4, in The Promise, New York: Fawcett Crest, published 1872, page 89",
          "text": "It was a pleasure seeing you again. I’m only sorry I had to darken the pleasure with my private problems.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To render gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gloomy",
          "gloomy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To render gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1797, Ann Radcliffe, The Italian, London: T. Cadell Jun[ior] and W. Davies, Volume 2, Chapter 9, p. 303,\nHis countenance darkened while he spoke […]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mood",
          "mood"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To become gloomy, darker in mood."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1773, Samuel Johnson, letter to James Boswell dated 5 July, 1773, in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, Volume I, London: Charles Dilly, p. 424,\nWhen your letter came to me, I was so darkened by an inflammation in my eye, that I could not for some time read it."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To blind, impair the eyesight."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blind",
          "blind"
        ],
        [
          "eyesight",
          "eyesight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To blind, impair the eyesight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blinded",
          "blinded"
        ],
        [
          "eyesight",
          "eyesight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To be blinded, lose one’s eyesight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "May 14 1751, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, volume 4, number 121, London: J. Payne & J. Bouquet, page 193",
          "text": "His [Edmund Spenser’s] stile was in his own time allowed to be vicious, so darkened with old words and peculiarities of phrase, and so remote from common use, that Johnson boldly pronounces him to have written no language.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make foul; to sully; to tarnish."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extinguish",
          "extinguish"
        ],
        [
          "deprive",
          "deprive"
        ],
        [
          "vitality",
          "vitality"
        ],
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To be extinguished or deprived of vitality, to die."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɑɹkən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɑːkən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)kən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-darken.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-darken.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "blacken"
    },
    {
      "word": "swarten"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "ngrys"
    },
    {
      "code": "apw",
      "lang": "Western Apache",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "chaanaguayea galea"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "mtʿnecʿnel",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "մթնեցնել"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "qaranlıqlaşdırmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "goibeldu"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zatǎmnjavam",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "затъмнявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "biànàn",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "变暗"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "formørke"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "verduisteren"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "verdonkeren"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "pimentää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "obscurcir"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "assombrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "escurecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "escurentar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "enfoscar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "amourear"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "abazanar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "lobrecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "amauróō",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "ἀμαυρόω"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "imbrunire"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "eodupge hada",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "어둡게 하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "fkv",
      "lang": "Kven",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "pimmenttäät"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "whakapō"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "formørke"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "formørke"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "zaciemniać"
    },
    {
      "code": "rgn",
      "lang": "Romagnol",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "imbrunìr"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "întuneca"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "затемнять"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "oscurecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "obscurecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to make dark by reducing light",
      "word": "förmörka"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "ngrys"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "mtʿnel",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "մթնել"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "qaralmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "potǎmnjavam",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "потъмнявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "donker worden"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "malheliĝi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "pimentyä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ],
      "word": "obscurcir"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ],
      "word": "assombrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "escurecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "escurentar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "enfoscar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "amourear"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "abazanar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "entoldar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "toldar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "entoucar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "lobrecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "verdunkeln"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "riqizjan",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "amauróomai",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "ἀμαυρόομαι"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "imbrunire"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "nīpan"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "arphayay"
    },
    {
      "code": "rgn",
      "lang": "Romagnol",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "imbrunìr"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "temnétʹ",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "темне́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to become darker (less bright)",
      "word": "mörkna"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "ngrys"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "mgacʿnel",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "մգացնել"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "qaraltmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "goibeldu"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "donkerder maken"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "donkerder kleuren"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "tummentaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "foncer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "escurecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "enfoscar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "amourear"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "abazanar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "enmourecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "atrapecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "dekkja"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "imbrunire"
    },
    {
      "code": "rgn",
      "lang": "Romagnol",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "imbrunìr"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zatemnjatʹ",
      "sense": "to make dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "затемнять"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "ngrys"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "mganal",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "մգանալ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "potǎmnjavam",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "потъмнявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "donkerder worden"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "tummentua"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ],
      "word": "foncer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "escurecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "enfoscar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "amourear"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "abazanar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "enmourecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "atrapecer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "verdunkeln"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "dökkna"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "imbrunire"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "nigresco"
    },
    {
      "code": "rgn",
      "lang": "Romagnol",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "imbrunìr"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "temnétʹ",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "темне́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to become dark(er) in colour",
      "word": "mörkna"
    }
  ],
  "word": "darken"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.